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Areas of concern
OIL PAPER Wood (treated / parmali WINDING TANK LEADS OLTC BUSHING COOLING BANKS/ HEAT EXCHANGER AUXILIARIES
PROCESS OF OVERHAULING
TESTING
OIL DRAINING
DISMANTLING
GASKET REPLACEMENT
INTERNAL INSPECTION
N2 PRESSURE TEST
Physical status-
Vacuum drying
Vacuum drying is based on the principle of Thermodynamics Boiling point of moisture in insulation is reduced by way of Pressure Reduction Principle Thermal energy needs to be imparted externally for achieving faster and better moisture extraction
Process of dryout
Prepare TRS for evacuation Fill N2 over air to get pressure 0.2KG/CM2
Attend leakages
PRESSURE TEST
NITROGEN PRESSURE
NITROGEN
REQUIRES NITROGEN GAS
OIL SOAKED INSULATION DOES NOT RELEASE MOISTURE VERY FAST IF OIL IS ACIDIC THEN IT CAN AFFECT INSULATION PAPER THIS METHOD IS NOT CONSIDERED PRESENTLY AS USER FRIENDLY METHOD
DRY AND NON SOAKED INSULATION RELEASES MORE MOISTURE AND IN FASTER WAY IF NITROGEN IS PURE IT CANNOT AFFECT INSULATION PAPER & COPPER
OIL
MONITORING PARAMETERS ARE OIL BDV & MOISTURE CONTENT OF OIL USED FOR HEATING PURPOSE OIL WILL LOSE/REDUCE ITS PARAMETERS SUCH AS RESISTIVITY, TANDELTA WHEN HEATED ABOVE 600C
NITROGEN
THIS METHOD IS PRESENTLY CONSIDERED AS USER FRIENDLY AND TECHNICALLY BETTER . MONITORING PARAMETERES ARE CONPARISON OF IR VALUE AND DRYNESS OF NITROGEN GAS USED FOR HEATING PURPOSE NITROGEN HEATING
HEATING ARRANGEMENT
72 hrs 48 hrs
25 MVA
24hrs
Take vacuum and fill up oil While filling oil fill under vacuum and fill from top filler valve
Break vacuum over oil by N2/ dry air Oil toppling up oil circulation
Oil testing at site for BDV >_ 60 kV moisture content <- 10 ppm
Stop filtration if oil parameters are satisfactory as per voltage class of trs.
TRENDS IN OIL
Napthene based oil
1. Low pour point enabling the use in low ambient temp.areas 2. Oxidation products are soluble in oil. 3. High resistivity. 4. High Viscosity. Paraffin based oil 1. High pour point but no problem in country like INDIA.
OIL COMPARISION
PARAFFIN NAPTHA ABTO
TAN DELTA RESISTIVITY IFT VISCOCITY SLUDGE CONTENT
SYNTHETIC OIL 1. Used due to fire resistance property 2. Contain polychlorinated biphenyl.
3. Hazardous for dumping in earth or otherwise.
100%
30 ppm
MOISTURE CONTENT
New condition Good condition Service condition Marginal condition Bad condition Severe bad condition
IS 335
Density Viscosity IFT Flash point Pour point BDV
TAN DELTA RESISTIVITY
o.89 gm/cm3 at 29.5 C 27 MAX at 27 C 0.04 N/M 1400c -60c 30 KV unfiltered 60 KV filtered 0.002 35*1012 ohm-cm AT 90 c 1500*1012 ohm-cm AT 27 c
IS 335
Acidity Sludge Corrosive sulphur oxidation inhibitor Water content 0.4(max) 0.1% (max) No traces 0.05% (max) 50 PPM max (unfiltered) 15 PPM max (filtered)
Gas tight syringe with a 3 way stop cock Stainless steel tubular bottle Bottle capable of being air/gas tight with screwed cap
Labeling
Details of transformers Date of sampling History of transformers Temp of transformer Charged/service condition Ambient Temp.
STAGES Collection of oil sample. Extraction of gases in dissolved oil. Separation identification and quantitative determination of gas Interpretation.
Various h2 ch2 c2h6 c2h4 c2h2 co co2 sources IEEE 140 160 115 190 11 580 -GTR 100 120 65 50 35 350 2500 CIGRE 28.6 42.2 85.6 74.6 -- 289 3771 DOBLE 100 100 60 100 5 250 -New Trs 200 100 100 150 15 500 ---Old trs 250 200 200 300 35 1000 -Oil overheating c2h4 c2h6 ch4 Cellulose overheating co Partial discharge in oil h2 ch4 Arcing in oil c 2h 2 h 2
IEEE
Arcing :Acetylene C2H2 :Hydrogen H2 Carona : H2 Overheated oil :Ethylene C2H2 :Methane CH4
Thermal degradation of insulation material =Co, Co2, H2o Healthy ratio of Co/Co2 = 5 If ratio is below 3, it indicates severe overheating of paper. Oil degradation : Methane(CH4), Ethane(C2H6) Ethylene(C2H5) Partial Discharge : Occurs due to ionization in high stressed areas where gas/vapour filled voids.
Nameplate Calculated Actually Elapsed Found Furful Age age Furful Content mg/lit
15.60 14.66 6.0 5.0 0.216 0.180 0.030 0.027 3.170 0.150 0.035 0.032 29.30 13.65 6.30 6.00
Site A B C D
Estim Furful Estim ated value ated age age 25.0 0.60 20.6 12.0 0.20 15.6 1.0 0.01 02.0 18.8 22.0 0.4
CASE III
16 MVA TRANS 110/22KV
2U-N 232 54 18
350
TENSILE STRENGTH 1. Determined as per IS 1924 determined in both machine direction and cross machine directions. 2. Deterioration of tensile strength is further dependent on temp. factor. 3. The rate of tensile strength deterioration is exponential with time.
Tensile strength
Ageing (days)
Degree of polymerization
This proves to be the most informative parameter for assessing the ageing or the process of ageing of cellulose . The connection between deterioration in material properties and formation of aging products is degree of polymerization. This is also direct decomposition of cellulose.
DETERIORATION OF PAPER
1050c
Days
Abnormalities(continued)
4 Bucholz pipeline slope not proper 5 Lens screw of OLTC shaft not properly fitted 6 Oil leakges in box type stiffner, between main tank and stiffner 4 Core earthing melted. Part of laminations fused.
BUSHING
TYPE
SRBP/OIP/RIP
TEST TAP
FOR MEASUREMENT MUST BE EARTHED PROPER EARTHING CORROSION OF THREADS ON CONNECTION CAUSES HIGH RESISTANCE AND SPARKING
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Measurement of mounted bushing done in UST mode , using test tap connection
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Measurement of winding is done in GST mode using connections between bushing top terminal and grounded.
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GST SPECIMEN
INSULATION SPCIMEN IS GROUNDED
UST
UNGROUNDED
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10 kV is a referred as a preferred reference voltage although usually measurements of tan delta and capacitance should not vary with applied voltage. Usually measurements at 2 KV,5KV and 10KV are taken at site. Capacitance value measurement is equally important. Tan delta value measurement may get affected by conditions such as oil. temperature, humidity, surface cleanliness and inductions in the switchyard.
Predictive maintenance(cont...)
Changes in switching time weak springs, Overhauling Contact wear
SETTLING TIME
KV 420 KV 245 KV 145 KV Time 72 hours 48 hours 36 hours
Magnetic balance test is like a signature test Diagnostic tool with focus on current is more important Quality of core is not assessed if voltage distribution is in order but current are not then further analysis is required
Partial Discharge
1 Effective for comparing at factory/ at site after repairs. 2 Advanced diagnostic system used for off line PD detection. 3 Background noise suppression, using a Spectrum analyzer to do selective filtration.
Principle Deformation results in minor changes of internal inductance and capacitance of winding. These deformations can be noted by noting a difference in response of particular winding on network analyzer when 1 signal (sinusoidal) having frequency band 50 Hz to 500 Hz is connected to bushing and response is measured through neutral bus.
INDICATIONS Shift in response of winding Differences in response between phases of same transformer.
Difference between responses of transformer of same design.
New 390 MVA generator transformer Core overheating Yoke overheating Tank & top cover overheating
VISIBLE EFFECTS Due To overheating caused by eddy currents flowing in top cover or bell cover visible deterioration of gasket was observed DESIGN REMEDY: To subdivide the plate width of outermost pockets Use of nonmagnetic material for frames. Use of flux shunt plates at LV side of the tank
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