Network Technologies

High School Computer

It is a closed Circle Every Computer communicates

If one comp fails all comps fail Its completely inclosed

Ring Network On a Ring Network each computer takes turns talking

Bus Network T Connectors- Look like a T so you can plug your cables together. Terminators- lines at the end and kills dead packets. Bad because they are complex and collisions cause slower speed. Good because the network doesnt get damaged

Star Network Weakness is that

if the box goes down the whole network fails

Both cables and WAPs work for connections

Network is slow because many computers ask for bandwidth

Easiest network to set up

Tree (Hierarchy) Network

Expands the networks each network has its own box that connects to the main one Networks are underneath the main network Single point of exit and entry Single point of communication If one computer fails the network falls apart Viruss can spread

Mesh Network

More reliable, has backups in case of failure in the network No single point of failure More expensive and Complex big blue arrows go out to the WAN

Network Terms

Ring- Circular Network Bus- Connected by a single cable Star connected to single hub Tree network devices connected in hierarchy Mesh big mess of cable LAN Local area network WAN Wide area network Hub connection point for multiple devices Switch Hub with traffic lights regulates traffic Router Routes traffic to other network Hub and switch allow computers to communicate with each other Router allows networks to talk to each other

DARPA and the internet

Today, DARPAs mission is still to prevent technological surprise to the US, but also to create technological surprise for its enemies.
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency is an agency of the United States department of defense responsible for the development of new technology for use by the military.

It doesnt have any one specific mission. But is for developing technology mainly for the defense of the US or for military.

WAN

LAN

LAN
WAN

LAN

TCP/IP v.4
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

IP Address : 32 bit binary string composed of four octets(192.168.10.50)

Subnet: Network Identifier separates the network address from the device address
Gateway: A computer or network that controls access to the WAN DNS: Domain Name Server Translates IP addresses to FQDN fully qualified domain name WINS windows internet name service translates IP addresses to computer name MAC address: Physical Address completely unique

Dotted Decimal
59.9.32.5 each is an octet

An octet is one byte there are eight bits in a byte Split into 4 octets Four octets equals 32 bits an IP address is a 32 binary number

Binary Octets
8 bits/Byte
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Top Row: Number of bits in the octet MIDDLE ROW BIT ON OR OFF bottom row bit value

128

64

32

16

Practice
8 Bits/1 Byte 8 Bits/1 Byte 8 Bits/1 Byte 8 Bits/1 Byte
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

12 8

64

32

16

12 8

64

32

16

12 64 32 16 8

12 8

64

32

16

59
8 Bits/1 Byte
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3

9
8 Bits/1 Byte
4 5 6 7 8

65
8 Bits/1 Byte
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2

111
8 Bits/1 Byte
3 4 5 6 7 8

12 64 32 16 8

12 8

64

32

16

12 8

64

32

16

12 8

64

32

16

39

197

16

11