Shale Rocks

Shale rock
is a type of sedimentary rock formed from clay that is compacted together by pressure. They are used to make bricks and other material that is fired in a kiln.

Shale Rocks

Limestone Rocks Limestone rocks

are sedimentary rocks that are made from the mineral calcite which came from the beds of evaporated seas and lakes and from sea animal shells. This rock is used in concrete and is an excellent building stone for humid regions.

Limestone Rocks

Marl is a rock containing clay and calcium carbonate. It is formed from the erosion of other rocks during weathering; as rocks erode, small sedimentary particles--sand, silt, and clay--pile up on top of each other. Eventually, these sedimentary particles become compacted together to form a new rock. The type of new rock that is formed depends on the original rock that was eroded and on the nature of the erosion. If the new rock contains predominantly clay and calcium carbonate, it is called marl.

Heres an example of a dome-shaped Oil reservoir.

Oil Water

Note the layer of impermeable rock which prevents the oil from migrating upwards. Also, note the layer of water below which prevents the oil from escaping down. Why?
Prepared by Tom Sheeran

Here we see what a reservoir rock would look like through a magnifying lens. The yellow objects represent sand grains that are packed together. Notice, however, the purple areas between the sand grains. These areas (also known as "pore spaces") are where the oil fits into the rock. In a very "porous" rock (one with many pore spaces), oil can move freely through these spaces.

Sandstone Rocks Sandstone rocks:

are sedimentary rocks made from small grains of the minerals quartz and feldspar. They often form in layers as seen in this picture. They are often used as building stones.

Sandstone Rocks

Conglomerate Rocks
Conglomerate:
rocks are sedimentary rocks. They are made up of large sediments like sand and pebbles. The sediment is so large that pressure alone cannot hold the rock together; it is also cemented together with dissolved minerals.

Conglomerate Rocks

Cap Rocks, or seal, is a relatively impermeable rock that serves as a barrier between fluids and other rocks. Buoyant, migrating fluids remain trapped in the reservoir by the cap rock unless deformation or erosion breaches the seal. Salt and shale commonly have excellent sealing properties.

Gypsum Rocks

Gypsum rocks:
are sedimentary rocks made up of sulfate mineral and formed as the result of evaporating sea water in massive prehistoric basins. It is very soft
and is used to make Plaster of Paris, casts, molds, and wallboards.

Gypsum Rocks

Heres an example of a Gas reservoir.

Gas

Water
Again, note the impermeable layer of rock preventing the gas from escaping.

Prepared by Tom Sheeran