PRESENTATION ON PROJECT REPORT

(Capstone Project)
BY Jaideep Bawa Harsh Shah

MICROCONTROLLER
A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory(RAM), programmable input/output peripherals, timers and counters. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MICROCONTROLLER AND GENERAL PURPOSE MICROPROCESSOR

Microcontroller had input/output ports ,timers,counters,internal RAM and ROM etc embedded on a single chip whereas all these are to be added to a general purpose micrprocessor. Microcontroller is less bulkier and easy to work on, whereas microcontroller after adding all things becomes bulkier and complicated. Microcontroller is cheaper than microprocessors.

DRAWBACKS OF MICROCONTROLLER
Ram ,Rom ,input/output ports ,timers are fixed.
One cannot modify it or upgrade it. This is not the case with microprocessor we can modify or upgrade it with time. Microprocessors have got faster speed of execution than that of microprocessor.

89c51
Easily available in market.
Easily interfacable. Programming is not that complicated. Has 4 kb internal ROM and 128 bytes of RAM.

Specifications of intels 8051

128 bytes of RAM
4K bytes of ROM 2 Timers 1 serial port 4 input/output ports (Each 8 bits wide) i.e 32 I/O pins. Total 40 pin IC.

PIC16f877A
Features og the microcontroller: High performance RISC architecture Operating voltage 4.5-5.5volts Operating frequency 20mhz 35 single word instructions. Ram:368 bytes EEPROM:256 bytes Watchdog timer 5 input/output ports 2 timers a 8 bit and another 16 bit 10 bit and 8 channel adc

ADC: ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTOR

An analog to digital convertor is a device that converts analog or continuous signal into digital or discrete signal. In our daily life we encounter so many things but all are analog but machine understands binary language so we have to convert it into binary or digital.

RF Module
RF module is a combined name given to RF receiver and RF transmitter. The module used here is from Common RF module cc2500. The CC2500 module is a 2.4 GHz module with a range of about 60 ft. It is a six pin module with 5 pins in use namely TX, RX, GND, VCC, GND. The CC2500 module can be wirelessly linked to 255 such modules(ZIGBEE PROTOCALL) which can be used even to create a wireless routing network or a simple switching applications.

The CC2500 typically operates on 6-12 V supply. The CC2500 module has two
jumpers J1 and J2, which can be used to select the mode ie J1 for single character mode and J2 for packet mode. Hence there is an ease of operation with variable packet size. The time between two successive transmissions is 80 s. Half duplex and Full Duplex communication is possible using this module.

Features: 1)Baud Rate: 38400. 2) Packet Length: Variable (0 to 40) or Fixed (1 packet). 3) 60+ meters range Line of Sight / 30 meters range indoors.

4)Multiple channel selection enabling upto 255

different pairs to work in the same area. 5)Modes of operation: Config mode and Run mode. 6) Onboard jumper Setting for Config/Run Mode and Packet/Byte Mode. 7) Direct Replacement for wired Serial Cable for and serial communication .

LCD
Liquid crystal display is becoming very popular nowdays due to: Ability to display numbers characters and graphics which 7 segment display couldnt do. Ease of programming of character and garaphics. Incorporation of the refreshing controller inside the lcd that relieves the cpu to refresh lcd. Whereas led had to be refreshed after small interval of time.

It has 16 pins as follows: Pin 1: Vss (usually ground) Pin 2:Vdd(+5volts) Pin 3:Vee (power to control contrast) Pin 4:RS (Register select) Pin 5:E (Enable) Pin 6:R/W (Read/Write) Pin 7:DB0 (Data lines) Pin 8:DB1 Pin 9:DB2 Pin 10:DB3 Pin 11:DB4 Pin 12:DB5 Pin 13:DB6 Pin 14:DB7 Pin 15:LED(Backlight) usually + 5v Pin 16:LEDK(Ground for backlight).

THE PROJECT
The circuit should take input from different sensors and display them on LCD. Also the project required use of RF module to transmit data from sensors to the LCD. ADC and EEPROM was also required to store data (EEPROM) and convert analog value into digital or binary value (ADC).

Since PIC16F877A has a inbuilt 8 channel 10 bit ADC and 256 bytes EEPROM so we do
not need to add externally. The analog data from sensors is send to pic microcontroller; there data is converted into digital data and send to the serial port which is connected to transmitter which will send the data serially bit by bit.

Also digital data is converted into ASCII value and send to the port where LCD is connected. The EEPROM constantly stores data. The transmitter transmits data wirelessly and serially .On the other hand there is a receiver that receives data and sends to the 89c51 microcontroller. The data is send to serial port i.e. port 3.0 and 3.1. Here data is then converted to ascii value and send to the port where lcd is connected

which then displays the values. So we have both the LCDs showing same values and we
are then satisfied that data transmitted is correct. This can be used for traffic ability. Also switches are provided to reset the previous data stored and for viewing previous stored values. Also a transformer is used to convert 220 volts into 12 volts and further this 12 volts is brought down to 5 volts through lm7805 chip.

REFRENCES
Textbook ALI MAZZIDDI http://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-components/at89c51microcontroller-datasheet www.Engineersgarage.com

THANK YOU