California State Test

Grade 8

 Religious movement (1700s) Formal break from Great Britain Won freedom from Britain; started democracy Parliament (2 house government)

America Before the Constitution

U.S. Constitution
Limited English kings powers; has to follow laws Limited English monarchs powers; cant change laws Self-government National government with limited powers; failed Essays supporting a new constitution Government cannot force religion on someone Father of the Constitution; rewrote constitution

U.S. Constitution - Articles

Forms Congress - Senate and House of Representatives (Legislative) Forms Presidency and Cabinet (Executive) Forms Supreme Court and court system (Judicial) States laws respected; new states added Changing (amending) law of the land Supremacy clause; national government overrides state government Constitution approved Rights of American citizens (1-10) Belief that states have more rights than national government

Participation in American Politics

15, 19, 26 Amendments; no law stating who can vote Strict construction; anti-national bank; antitariff; pro-agrarian (farming); expand voting rights Loose construction; pro-national bank; protariff; anti-agrarian; restrict voting rights Threatened to end American government

Supported region rather than nation No foreign alliances or political parties American System (Clay) - self-sufficient Expanded voting rights; forced Cherokee out of Georgia Focus on American landscape; transcendentalism

Expectations

U.S. defeated Britain; rise in patriotism Europe wont interfere with the Americas Brought from France; doubled the size of U.S. Led by Tecumseh to stop westward expansion

Foreign Policy

Trade, manufacturing, transportation Pro-tariff; mainly anti-slavery (Republican) Wealthy, middle class, immigrants, poor Opportunities for African Americans; education reforms; womens rights

U.S. Northeast

 Agrarian (cotton, tobacco farming) Pro-slavery, anti-tariff (Democrat) Plantation system; wealthy planter, sharecroppers, slaves Horrible conditions; slave revolts (D. Vesey, N. Turner)

U.S. South

Americas destiny to move westward Farming; mining (gold, silver) Frontier difficult; women and men worked on farms From Mexico; started war when admitted as slave state U.S. victory; gained land to Pacific Ocean

U.S. West

 Quakers (Penn.) anti-slavery Slaves 3/5 of a person Conductor of Underground Railroad Abolitionist leader Missouri - slave; Maine free; U.S. balanced CA - free; TX given money; Mexican Cession in half LA Purchase in 2; voters decide on slavery African Americans not citizens, no rights

Abolition Movement

Small states; connected by railroads; factories Larger states; less railroads; farms President (16th) during Civil War; freed slaves War fought for liberty, equality, democracy Freed slaves in Confederacy, not other states Promoted peace for North and South Commanded Western Union army, then entire Union Army Virginian commander of Confederate Army President of Confederacy

The Civil War

Civil War Battles

Fort Sumter (started war); Battle of Antietam (bloodiest); Battle of Gettysburg (turning point); Appomattox (not battle, ended war)

Reuniting and rebuilding nation Relief agency for poor Southerners Segregation laws (forced racial separation) 13th (slavery illegal); 14th (citizens legally protected); 15th (African American men can vote) Ku Klux Klan - violence and terror

Reconstruction

Americans moved west for land and gold Farmers political groups T. Edison, A. Bell, H. Ford, Wright brothers, S. Slater A. Carnegie (steel); J.D. Rockefeller (oil); Stanford (railroad) Urban growth, problems, reforms Southern and Eastern Europe; worked low paying jobs Protested to improve working conditions and wages

Industrial Revolution