Wireless Power Transmission Solar+PowerSatellites WWW - Final

www.final-yearproject.com | http://troubleshoot4free.
com/fyp/
Wireless Power Transmission Using Solar Power Satellites (SPS)
One type of harnessing solar power Solar energy is collected by using PV cells
Transmitted to earth as Microwaves Again converted back into electrical energy
www.final-yearproject.com | http://troubleshoot4free.com/fyp/
What is Beamed (wireless) Power Transmission??
Power is transmitted through space Invented by Nikola Tesla in 19th century Extension to three dimensional networks from two
dimensional networks
Energy can be transmitted through clouds, rain etc

without sufficient lossmakes the system highly efficient www.final-yearproject.com |
http://troubleshoot4free.com/fyp/
Three types of WPT

Microwave based WPT Laser based WPT Hybrid microwave-laser WPT
Microwave V/S Laser

Microwave
More developed
High efficiency up to 85% Beams are far below than lethal levels of concentration even for a prolonged exposure Cause interference with communication industry
Microwave V/S Laser

Laser
Recently developed solid state lasers allow

efficient transfer of power Range of 10% to 20% efficiency with in a few years Conform to limits on eye and skin damage
Micro Waves
Wavelength is measured in centimeters Travel with the same velocity of light Can penetrates haze, cloud, rain, snow and cloudsGood for transmitting information from one place to another
Longer microwaves used in Microwave Ovens and Shorter

microwaves used for radar like applications
How can we produce Microwaves??
DC power can be converted into microwave by using

Magnetron
Uses interaction of electrical and magnetic fields to

produce oscillations of high power
Employs radial electric field, axial magnetic field,

anode structure and cylindrical cathode
Operation
Two permanent magnets Produces constant magnetic field Electrons produces its own magnetic field On one side of the electron path magnetic fields gets added up
and on the other side effective magnetic field gets reduced
Electrons trajectory bends towards weakened

direction Circular motion
Anode interacts with electrons which produces an alternating

current of high frequency in the cavities
Antenna connected to the anode and is coupled with the

wave-guide (a hollow metal enclosure into which antenna
transmits wave energy
Solar Power Satellite (SPS)
Idea was proposed

by Peter E Glaser in 1968
Would use
microwaves to transmit power to earth
Idea gained
momentum during oil crisis in 1970, but after prices stabilized idea was dropped
Consists of three parts

A huge solar collector, typically made up of solar cells A microwave antenna aimed at the earth A antenna occupying a large area on earth to collect the power
Placed in geosynchronous orbit SPS illuminated 99% of

the time
Only moving part is Transmitter antenna which tracks

ground based receiving antenna called Rectenna
Transmitter antenna connected to solar array by two

rotary joints with slip rings
Each SPS will have 400 million solar cells Waste heat is re-radiated to space reduce global
warming
www.final-yearproject.com | Conversion efficiency is 54% http://troubleshoot4free.com/fyp/
DC TO MICROW AVE CONVERS ION
BEAM FORMI NG ANTEN NA
FREE SPACE TRANSMIS SION
RECEPTI ON CONVERS ION TO DC
Power output is around 10 giga watts which is

approximately equal to the power output of 10 nuclear power stations
Pollution free
Spacetenna
An antenna onboard the satellite
Antenna in the form of an array

Each array consists of magnetron elements and directional amplifiers that supplies microwave power to slotted wave guide ability to match transmission line impedance (source
impedance) and load (atmosphere 377 ohm)

If impedance match is correct, the energy being transferred will be radiated in to www.final-yearproject.com | the atmosphere
http://troubleshoot4free.com/fyp/
Power Generation Module
Array module 110 sub arrays1320 solar cell units 45 array modules
Each array produces 180 A at 1 kv

Wing summing bus line collects power from each array Wing summing bus line connected to central bus line which
www.final-yearproject.com | are interfaced with spacetenna http://troubleshoot4free.com/fyp/
Rectenna
Rectifying Antenna
power collecting
harmonic filtering rectification into DC power
An antenna comprising a mesh of dipoles and diodes for

absorbing microwave energy from a transmitter and converting it into DC power Microwaves are received with about 85% efficiency Around 5 km across (3.1 miles)
Rectenna Design
Currently there are two different types being looked at:
Wire mesh reflector

Built on a rigid frame above the ground Visually transparent so that it would not interfere
with plant life

Magic carpet Material pegged to the ground
Advantages over ground based system:

More intense sunlight In geosynchronous orbit (36000 km), SPS would be illuminated 99% of the time No need for costly storage devices for when the sun is not in view
only a few days at spring and fall equinox would the satellite
be in shadow Waste heat is radiated back to the space Power can be beamed to the location where it is needed, dont have to invest in as a large grid
Problems???
Complexity 30 years to complete Size 6.5 miles long by 3.3 miles wide Transmitting antenna mile in diameter (1 km) Cost Prototype would have cost $74 billion
Microwave transmission
interface with other electronic devices health and environmental effects
Environmental problems???
Possible health hazards
Effects of long term exposure

Exposure is equal to the amount that people receive from cell phones and microwaves
Location
The size of construction of rectenna is massive
Developments
US Department of Energy Research Program 1978-1981 Japanese continued to study the idea throughout the 1980s
In 1995, NASA began a fresh look study

set up a research, technology, and investment schedule research aimed at an SPS system of 250MW
Current Developments
SPS 2000
Project in development in Japan

Goal is to build a low cost demonstration model by 2025 8 countries along the equator have agreed to be the site
of rectenna
10MW satellite delivering microwave power will not be geosynchronous orbit, instead low orbit 1100 km ground based rectenna could be smaller A 2.45 GHz microwave frequency is used for transmission
Power to Mobile Devices

If microwave beam carrying power could be beamed to
earth uniformly, they could power cell phones

Biggest problem is that the antenna would have to be 25-30 cm2
Would require a network of hundreds of satellites
References:
1. P.E.Glaser, Power from the sun: Its future, Science,
vol. 162, 957-961, 1968

2. G.A.Landis, An Evolutionary path to SPS, Space Power, vol. 9, No.4 pp. 365-371, 1990
3. www.nasatech.com
4. www.spacefuture.com
Thank You

Wireless Power Transmission Solar+PowerSatellites WWW - Final

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www.final-yearproject.com | http://troubleshoot4free.

Wireless Power Transmission Using Solar Power Satellites (SPS)

Transmitted to earth as Microwaves Again converted back into electrical energy

What is Beamed (wireless) Power Transmission??

Energy can be transmitted through clouds, rain etc

Three types of WPT

Microwave V/S Laser

Microwave V/S Laser

Recently developed solid state lasers allow

Longer microwaves used in Microwave Ovens and Shorter

How can we produce Microwaves??

DC power can be converted into microwave by using

Uses interaction of electrical and magnetic fields to

Employs radial electric field, axial magnetic field,

Electrons trajectory bends towards weakened

Anode interacts with electrons which produces an alternating

Antenna connected to the anode and is coupled with the

transmits wave energy

Solar Power Satellite (SPS)

Idea was proposed

Consists of three parts

Placed in geosynchronous orbit SPS illuminated 99% of

Only moving part is Transmitter antenna which tracks

Transmitter antenna connected to solar array by two

DC TO MICROW AVE CONVERS ION

BEAM FORMI NG ANTEN NA

FREE SPACE TRANSMIS SION

RECEPTI ON CONVERS ION TO DC

Power output is around 10 giga watts which is

Antenna in the form of an array

impedance) and load (atmosphere 377 ohm)

Power Generation Module

Each array produces 180 A at 1 kv

An antenna comprising a mesh of dipoles and diodes for

Wire mesh reflector

with plant life

Advantages over ground based system:

Effects of long term exposure

In 1995, NASA began a fresh look study

Project in development in Japan

Power to Mobile Devices

earth uniformly, they could power cell phones

Would require a network of hundreds of satellites

vol. 162, 957-961, 1968

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