Made by: Sanja Bogdanova Sanja Velkova Sanja Gjorgieva Sanja Mihailova Sanja Ribarska

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 The Participle Present Participle a) as part of the continuous form of a verb;

b) after verbs of movement / position in the pattern: verb + present participle c) after verbs of perception in the pattern: verb + object + present participle d)as an adjective e) with the verbs spend and waste, in the pattern: verb + time / money expression + present participle f)with the verbs catch and find, in the pattern: verb + object + present participle g) to replace a sentence or part of a sentence The present participle in certain phrases The present and past participles used as adjectives Participle Clauses with different Subjects Table of exceptions in spelling when adding ing Conclusion

 Participle

word that shares some characteristics of both verbs and adjectives. It can be used in compound verb tenses or voices (periphrasis), or as a modifier. Participial phrase a phrase composed of a participle and other words. Participle -present participle, past participle and perfect participle.

Participles

Present Past

Perfect

 Present Participle- it can be precede with a form of the

verb to be to make what we call the "progressive tenses" of a verb. A participle may also function as an adjective, especially in attributive use. It can evolve to become either a true noun or a true adjective, or both, with a shift in meaning, sometimes substantial.

 The present participle of most verbs has the form

base + ing and is used in the following ways:

a) as part of the continuous form of a verb; Example: 1. I am working. 2. He was singing. 3. They have been walking. b) after verbs of movement / position in the verb + present participle; Example: 1. She went shopping. 2. He lay looking up at the clouds. 3. She came running towards me.

pattern:

The construction b) is particularly useful with the verb 'to go', as in these common expressions: to go shopping; to go skiing; to go fishing; to go surfing; to go walking; to go swimming; to go running; to go dancing.

c)

after verbs of perception in the pattern: verb + object + present participle After these verbs the present participle expresses an action in progress . Example: 1. I saw him climbing over the fence(I saw him as he was climbing) 2.I heard him singing in the bathroom. (= I heard him as he was singing)
NOTE: There is a difference in meaning when such a

sentence contains a zero-infinitive rather than a participle. The infinitive refers to a complete action, but the participle refers to an incomplete action, or part of an action.

d) as an adjective Examples: amazing, worrying, billowing, racing, burning... 1. It was an amazing film. 2. It's a bit worrying when the police stop you. 3. Dark billowing clouds often precede a storm. 4. Racing cars can go as fast as 400kph. 5. He was trapped inside the burning house.

e) with the verbs spend and waste, in the pattern:

verb + time/money expression + present participle

Example: 1. My boss spends two hours a day travelling to work. 2. Don't waste time playing computer games! 3. They've spent the whole day shopping.

f) with the verbs catch and find, in the pattern:

verb + object + present participle
With catch, the participle always refers to an action which

causes annoyance or anger: 1. If I catch you stealing my apples again, there'll be trouble! 2. Don't let him catch you reading his letters. This is not the case with find, which is unemotional: 1. We found some money lying on the ground. 2. They found their mother sitting in the garden.

g) to replace a sentence or part of a sentence: When two actions occur at the same time, and are done by the same person or thing, we can use a present participle to describe one of them: 1. They went out into the snow. They laughed as they went. They went laughing out into the snow. 2. He whistled to himself. He walked down the road. Whistling to himself, he walked down the road.

 When one action follows very quickly after another

done by the same person or thing, we can express the first action with a present participle: 1. He put on his coat and left the house. Putting on his coat, he left the house. 2. She dropped the gun and put her hands in the air. Dropping the gun, she put her hands in the air.

The present participle can be used instead of a phrase starting as, since, because, and it explains the cause or reason for an action.(subordinate clause) Examples: 1. Feeling hungry, he went into the kitchen and opened the fridge. (= because he felt hungry...)

Im busy refurnishing my room, dont call me this weekend. Its no use crying over spilt milk. Its no good calling him, hes abroad. I had trouble starting my car this morning. I had a hard time understanding what he was saying. Geoffrey spent the whole weekend working in the garden. I dont want to feel that I wasted my youth being good and responsible when I should have been bad and rebellious.

Who is that smiling girl? (present participle) The exhausted runner dropped to the ground. (past participle)

Note that the noun modified by the present participle in the first sentence is the doer (or agent) of the action(the girl is smiling), whereas in the second sentence the past participle shows what happened to the modified noun (the runner was exhausted).

Sometimes participle clauses can be used even if the clauses to be combined do not have the same subject. This is the case for example if the main clause contains one of the following verbs + object:

feel, find, hear, listen to, notice, see, smell ,watch

Example: I heard him playing the guitar.
Here, the participle clause must directly follow the object

it is relating to. (Note: Some of the verbs mentioned here can also be used with the infinitive.)

 A participle construction is also possible, if both subjects are mentioned (often the word 'with' is put before the subject in the participle clause). This is very formal, however, and not often used. Example: Mrs Jones went to New York. Mr Smith took up her position. (With) Mrs Jones going to New York, Mr Smith took up her

Table with exceptions in spelling when adding ing :