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nutRition
FOOD
Provide energy and new molecules to replace those that the body uses NUTRIENTS Component of food and drink that provide growth, replacement, and energy
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water
vitaminsversus minerals
CALORIES
Measurement of amount of energy derived from food
1000 Cal = 1 kCal Recommended Nutritional Requirements Per Day Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids 45 65% 10 35% 20 35%
VITAMIN
is an organic compound required as a nutrient in tiny amounts by an organism Derived from Vitamine 4 Fat-Soluble Vitamins 9 Water-Soluble Vitamins
fat-soluble Vitamins
FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN A Other Name: Retinol Function:
Vision To heal eye and skin injuries
The pigment-bearing portion of rhodopsin is retinal, a substance formed by oxidation of vitamin A. The protein portion is opsin.
FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN D Other Name: Calciferol Function:
Promotes calcium and phosphate absorption and mobilization
FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN E Other Name: Tocopherol Function:
Antioxidant
Antioxidants -
Their chief danger damage to DNA,cell membrane. Antioxidants are molecules which can safely interact with free radicals and terminate the chain reaction before vital molecules are damaged.
FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN K Other Name: Phylloquinone Function:
Blood clotting
Water-soluble Vitamins
Vitamin B complexes:
vitamin B1 (thiamine) vitamin B2 (riboflavin) vitamin B3 (niacin/niacinamide) vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) Vitamin B7 (biotin) vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) and folic acid
WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN B1 Other Name: Thiamine Function:
Coenzyme (needed in proper function of enzymes) in oxidative carboxylation and in the pentose phosphate shunt Properly use CARBOHYDRATES
WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN B2 Other Name: Riboflavin Function:
Coenzyme of oxidative processes
WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN B3: NICOTINIC ACID Other Name: Niacin Function:
Coenzyme of oxidative processes
WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN B6 Other Name: Pyridoxine Function:
Coenzyme in transamination Heme synthesis
WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN B9 Other Name: Folic Acid; Pteroylglutamic Acid Function:
Coenzyme in methylation and in DNA synthesis
WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN B12 Other Name: Cyanocobalamin Function:
Part of methyl-removing enzyme in folate metabolism
WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN B5 Other Name: Pantothenic Acid Function:
Part of CoA Fat and carbohydrate metabolism
WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN B7 Other Name: Biotin Function:
Synthesis of fatty acids
WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN C Other Name: Ascorbic Acid Function:
Antioxidant Hydroxylation of collagen Wound healing Bond formation
MINERALS
Potassium Sodium Calcium Chloride Phosphorus Magnesium Iron Zinc Copper Manganese Chromium Molybdenum Cobalt Selenium Iodine Fluorine
Potassium
Muscle Weakness
Sodium
Electrolyte imbalances
Calcium
Chloride
Osmotic pressure
Electrolyte imbalances
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Cofactor in enzymes
Hypocalcemia
Iron
Anemia
Zinc
Copper
Manganese
Bone formation
Chromium
Glucose metabolism
Molybdenum
Protein synthesis
Retarded growth
Cobalt
Pernicious anemia
Selenium
Fat Metabolism
Muscular disorders
Iodine
Fluorine
Enamel Formation
Tooth decay