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Conventionally mined caverns can be constructed any place on a nonporous rock is available at an adequate depth to withstand product pressures. Before selecting the site, it should be properly evaluated for the feasibility of constructing U/G storage. Most product caverns are constructed in shale, limestone, dolomite or granite. This type of cavern is operated DRY (i.e. product is recovered by pumping).
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OPERATION:
Cavern may be operated by brine displacement of product or pumpout methods. Most solution mined caverns are operated by brine displacement technique (Slide 4). A suspended displacement of string of casing is installed near the bottom of cavern & product is injected into the annulus between product casing (casing cemented at cavern roof) & displacement casing, forcing brine up the displacement casing. The procedure is reversed for product recovery. In this type of operation, a brine storage reservoir is usually provided. Some solution mined caverns are operated dry by installing a pump at cavern depth either within the cavern or in a well connected to cavern by fracturing. Both ESP & deep-well vertical multistage pumps may be used for this purpose.
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