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Product and service design or redesign should be closely tied to an organizations strategy
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Saturation

Design of Operations System

Maturity

Deman d

Decline Growth

Introduction

Time

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Modification of an existing product/service Expansion of an existing product/service Clone of a competitors product/service New product/service

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Type of Design Change Modification Expansion Clone

Newness of the organization Low Low High

Newness to the market Low Low Low

Design of Operations System

New

High

High
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SCREENING

A TOOL FOR PRODUCT

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SCREENING

A TOOL FOR PRODUCT

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PLC is a series of stages that products pass through in their lifetime, characterized by changing product demands over time. There are typically four stages of the product life cycle: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline Products in the introductory stage are not well defined and neither is their market. Often all the bugs have not been worked out and customers are uncertain about the product

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In the growth stage, the product takes hold and both product and market continue to be refined The third stage is that of maturity, where demand levels off and there are usually no design changes: The product is predictable at this stage and so is its market. Many products, such as toothpaste, can stay in this stage for many years. Finally, there is a decline in demand, because of new technology, better product design, or market saturation

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The first two stages of the life cycle can collectively be called the early stages of the product life cycle because the product is still being improved and refined, and the market is still in the process of being developed. The last two stages of the life cycle can be referred to as the later stages because here the product and market are both well defined.

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Understanding the stages of the product life cycle is important for product design purposes, such as knowing at which stage to focus on design changes. Also, when considering a new product, the expected length of the life cycle is critical in order to estimate future profitability relative to the initial investment.

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The product life cycle can be quite short for certain products, as seen in the computer industry. For other products it can be extremely long, as in the aircraft industry. A few products, such as paper, pencils, nails, milk, sugar, and flour, do not go through a life cycle. However, almost all products do, and some may spend a long time in one stage.

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Concurrent Engineering is an approach that brings together multifunction teams in the early phase of product design in order to simultaneously design the product and the process.

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Inefficient and costly Takes a longer amount of time Does not create a team atmosphererather it creates us versus them mentality

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Remanufacturing is the concept of using components of old products in the production of new ones

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