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LYRICS
AND
BALLADS
Folksongs--Definitions
Folksongs are words and music that circulate orally in traditional variants among members of a particular group. (Brunvand) A song becomes a folksong when it begins to be passed along and rephrased . . . it also functions as a way of articulating shared attitudes or feelings. (Toelken)
Types of Folksongs -- I
Wordless folksongs (melodies)
(e.g. El Condor Pasa)
Near songs: cantefable, play, and game rhymes (e.g. Ben Franklin) Functional songs: lullabies, work songs, army marching songs, play-party songs, childrens game songs, mnemonic songs
(e.g. ABCs)
Native Ballads from America: War Ballads, Cowboys and Pioneers, Lumberjacks, Sailors, Outlaws, Murders, Tragedies, Negro Ballads.
(e.g. Yankee Doodle, Dixie)
Folksong Characteristics
Fluid in form and content Heavy use of overstatement and understatement Concrete and specific language Conventional expressions and symbols Highly repetitive Often incremental
Music Links
I Hear America Singing from the Library of Congress:
http://www.loc.gov/rr/perform/ihas/ihashome.html
Folksongs
Content and Changes Content
love death the night visit (seranade) parting at morning (aubade) wooing in open field (pastorelle)
Typical changes during transmission magic and supernatural lost sex, incest, kin-murders lost words, phrases, & symbols whose meaning is forgotten--lost local names added Christian elements added