AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

Team members
S. Ganesh (09M108) M. Suryanarayanan (09M145) S. Raghu Nandan (09M128) M. Navaneetha Saravanan (09M119) K. Thillai Vadivazhagan (09M147) R. Kamal Raj (09M111) Sharath Kumar (08M153)

WHEEL BALANCING
WHY DO WE NEED WHEEL BALANCING?

An unbalanced wheel produces more vibration.

It is transmitted to body through the suspension components. It can also resulting in a wobbling of the steering wheel or of the entire vehicle. The ride disturbance, due to unbalance, usually increases with speed.

SYMPTOMS OF A WHEEL THAT IS OUT OF BALANCE

Vibration in the steering wheel at certain high speed.

Vibration in the seat or floorboard.

Scalloped or cupped wear pattern on the tires.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE WHEEL BALANCE

Lateral run out of the wheel.

Radial run out of the wheel

Uneven distribution of the weight around the axis of rotation.

Consequences of Wheel Imbalance

Accelerated and uneven tyre wear. Undue stressing of cars suspension. Damage to steering components. Driver fatigue. Impaired tyre traction and steering control. Increased fuel consumption

General Process of Wheel Balancing

The mechanic removes the wheels and places them on a machine which spins them and measures the amount and location of the imbalance. A small weight will then be attached to the rim of the wheel to even out the weight distribution and bring the wheel back into balance. Metals such as zinc or steel -wheel balancing weights. Smoother, less tiring ride, a safer car, lower fuel bills and tyres that last longer.

WHEEL BALANCING

Balancing of weight of the entire wheel assembly.

Placing a lead weight on the side of the wheel opposite to the heavier spot.

TYPES OF BALANCING

Static balance Dynamic balance

STATIC BALANCING

A freely rotating wheel assembly is mounted on a shaft.

When the weight of the wheel and tyre is uniformly distributed about the axis of the wheel then it is said to be statically balanced.

PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMING STATIC BALANCE

This is done by using the electronic balancer.

The front wheels are lifted on hydraulic jack and

made sure than the wheels can turn freely.

The balancer equipment is positioned having its

pulley in contact with the tyre tread.

PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMING STATIC BALANCE

The balancer is moved into position to point the strobe light at the
wheel.

The pick-up magnet is positioned in contact with a clean flat surface on the front suspension as close as to the wheel.

If the pick-up magnet is in proper contact, the strobe light will flash when the top of the tyre is tapped, indicating proper balance of the wheel.

DYNAMIC BALANCING

It describes the forces generated by asymmetric mass distribution when the

wheel is rotated.

To avoid this, the unbalanced weight should also be balanced in dynamic

condition or while running or rotating.

PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMING DYNAMIC BALANCE

The wheels are turned out approximately one half of their

steering angle.

The pick-up magnet is positioned in contact with the external

front and end of the brake housing flange at the wheel

rotation axis.

The wheel is correctly spanned and the highest meter

reading is recorded, the static balance procedure is followed.

PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMING DYNAMIC BALANCE

The dynamic balance of the wheel is checked as per the static balance.

If still out of balance, the wheel is stopped and the reference mark is brought in position or time recorded.

The inspection is repeated as previously directed.

If the wheel is still out of balancing, the balance procedure will proceed till
the meter needle remains in the green area.

WHEEL BALANCER SBM700

Functions

Quick and accurate measurement of imbalance value. Automatic inspection of dynamic and static balance. Compensation of static and dynamic balance.

Features

Manual measuring scale (manual input of values)

Static and dynamic balance inspection both with compensation Indication of imbalance both in grams and ounces Precision of imbalance up to 1 gram

Automatic correction and memorization of structural parameters

Specifications

Rim Diameter:254-558mm Rim Width:38-457mm Balancing precision:1g Cycle time:7s Power supply:220V/110V 50Hz/60Hz Motor Power:180W/370W RPM:240rpm Working noise:<70dB Max. Wheel Weight: 65kg Dimensions: 1200*1000*1350mm

CONTROL PANEL

Control Panel
OPERATION FROM MEASUREMENT SCREEN

1 Push buttons, presetting of correcting mode

2 Push-button, displaying of residual unbalance

PRESETTING OF DIMENSIONS
Automatic measuring

The wheel diameter and width must be manually preset. The automatic measurement of the diameter is provided as OPTION.

The balancing machine is equipped with gauge for the automatic measuring of the distance.

MANUAL PRESETTING
If necessary, the dimensions can be entered or modified manually on

the presetting of dimension screen. According to the following procedure,

DIAMETER

Press push-button [d]

Preset nominal diameter d

WIDTH

Preset push-button [b]

Preset the nominal width stamped on the rim b

MEASUREMENT OF UNBALANCE

The results and arrows for positioning the balancing weight in

the application point are displayed in this screen.

After positioning, apply the weight in the top twelve oclock position.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Before starting to use the balancing machine, carefully read the operating instruction

manual.

Keep the manual in a safe place for future reference

Refrain from removing or modifying machine parts, which would impair correct operation.

Do not use strong jets of compressed air for cleaning

Use alcohol to clean plastic panels or shelves (AVOID LIQUIDS CONTAINING SOLVENTS)

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Before starting the wheel balancing cycle, make sure that the wheel is securely locked on the adapter.

The machine operator should not wear clothes with flapping edges. Make sure that unauthorized personnel do not approach the machine during the work cycle

Avoid placing counterweights or other bodies in the base, which could impair the correct operation of the balancer machine.

The balancing machine should not be used for purposes other than those described in the instruction manual.

ERRORS

No signal of rotation. Could be caused by a faulty position transducer or by

the motor not starting or by something preventing the wheel from turning.

During the measurement spins, wheel speed drops to 60 rpm. Repeat the

spin.

Errors in mathematical calculations improper calibration.

Wheel turning in opposite direction.

REFERENCES

Automobile Engineering by Kirpal Singh. Automobile Engineering by Gupta. www.garageindia.com

www.wikipedia.com