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Red Herring
The underwriter puts together what is known as the RED HERRING. This is an initial prospectus containing all the information about the company except for the offer price and the effective date, which aren't known at that time. With the red herring in hand, the underwriter and company attempt to hype and build up interest for the issue. They go on a road show - also known as the "dog and pony show" where the big institutional investors are courted.
Types of Issues
Fixed Price:- Wherein the price band of the issue is fixed. For e.g Dwarikesh Sugar Industries Limited Public Issue of 50,00,000 equity shares of Rs 10/- each at a premium of Rs 55/- per share aggregating Rs 3250 lacs. Book Building Issue: -- Book Building is a price discovery mechanism which is undertaken to ascertain and determine the price of the security proposed to be issued by a body corporate. -- There is a price band which gives the bidder the facility to bid within a price band at different price levels. -- e.g National Thermal Power Corporation Limited wherein the price band was fixed between Rs 52 to Rs 62/-
Category of Bidders
Retail Individual Investor:- means an investor who applies or bids for securities of or for face value of not more than Rs 50,000/ Non-Qualified Institutional Buyer: Any investor who bids for an amount above Rs 50,000 and does not fall in the QIB category e.g HNI investors. Qualified Institutional Buyer(QIB) shall mean: a. public financial institution as defined in section 4A of the Companies Act, 1956; b. scheduled commercial banks; c. mutual funds; d. foreign institutional investor registered with SEBI; Contd.
QIBs-category
e. multilateral and bilateral development financial institutions; f. venture capital funds registered with SEBI. g. foreign Venture capital investors registered with SEBI. h. state Industrial Development Corporations. i. insurance Companies registered with the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority j. provident Funds with minimum corpus of Rs. 25 crores k. pension Funds with minimum corpus of Rs. 25 crores
Key factors
Sector prospects. Capital structure of the company. Terms of the present offer. Outstanding litigation & defaults. Tax Benefits. Any published reports that forecast the future earnings.
Prospectus
Information contained in this Prospectus relative to markets for the company's products and trends in net sales, gross margin and anticipated expense levels, as well as other statements including words such as "anticipate," "believe," "plan," "estimate," "expect" and "intend" and other similar expressions, constitute forward-looking statements ...actual results of operations may differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements
Prospectus
"...risks for the company include, but are not limited to, an evolving and unpredictable business model and the management of growth .... There can be no assurance that the company will be successful in addressing such risks, and the failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on the company's business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations."
Retail investors here have to put in a cheque for the full amount, although QIBs pay no margins. Overseas, neither segment pays any margin.
(Source: Business Standard)
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