Atlantic Revolutions and their Echoes, 1750-1914

The Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804

Saint Dominque (Haiti) the richest colony in the world: 8000 plantations, 40% of the world sugar, 50% of its coffee, 500,000 slaves, 30,000 gens de couleur, 40,000 whites.

Causes:
The ideals of the Enlightenment The example of the French Revolution 17891799 Liberty, Fraternity, Equality All men are created equal, and are entitled to life, liberty and property.

The Result

The last had become first: the only completely successful slave revolt in history. All citizens equal, regardless of race, color or class. Haiti, small scale farmers, producing for their own needs.

Spanish American Revolutions, 1810-1825

1808 Napoleon invaded Spain, thus opening up the prospect for revolt in its colonies. Spanish American society: A Spanish upper class, and large mixed-race population, and Native Americans at the bottom.
Simon Bolivar, 1783-1830

The Result
A new identity: Americanos. No real benefits for the lower classes. No unification into a United States of South America.

Bolivars Government
A president with a life-term The president chose the vice-president, who would succeed him. Tribunes legislated local matters. Senators legislated state matters. Censors controlled the moral and educational life of the Republic. Voting rights: Those who had property or incomes and could read were allowed to vote.

Comparison: Where did the least radical of all the Atlantic revolutions occur?
a. North America b. Haiti c. France d. Latin America

Echoes of Revolution
The Abolition of Slavery Nations and Nationalism Feminist Beginnings

The Abolition of Slavery

1787 Society of Friends formed the anti-slavery society. 1803 Denmark declared the slave trade illegal. 1804 Slaves successfully revolted in Haiti. 1807 G.B. and U.S. outlawed the slave trade. By 1850, the trade was basically over.

American Civil War 18611895 1888 Brazil abolished slavery.

Why?
The example of Haitis successful slave revolt. The belief that slavery was morally wrong, economically inefficient, and politically unwise. The belief that all men are created equal.

Nationalism
Devotion to ones nation, patriotism. The doctrine that national interests and security are more important than international considerations. The desire for advocacy of national independence.

Is Nationalism a positive force in the world?

A. B. C. D. E. Yes No Its mainly good Its mainly bad I dont care

Nations and Nationalism

Citizens of a nation, not subjects of a king. 1870 Unification of Italy. 1871 Unification of Germany. 1885 Founding of the Indian National Congress.

What is patriarchy?
A. Love of the fatherland. B. A form of social organization in which the father or the eldest male is recognized as the head of the family or tribe. C. Government, rule or domination of men, as in family or tribe. D. Both B and C.

What is Feminism?
A. The principle that women should have political, economic, and social rights equal to those of men. B. Feminine qualities C. The notion that women are superior to men. D. Both A and C.

Feminist Beginnings: Causes

The Enlightenment and the discussion of equality. The example of revolutions on the basis of equal rights. 1792 A Vindication of the Rights of Women.

Feminist Beginnings: Results

1848 Womens Rights Conference, New York. Post 1900 Access to universities. Control of their own property. Rights to their children.

Right to vote: 1893 New Zealand 1906 Finland 1918 United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Austria 1920 United States 1945 France

Change: Which of the following was NOT a long-term outcome of the Atlantic revolutions?
a. The emergence of a feminist movement b. The emergence of an abolition of slavery movement c. The spread of the idea that governments should be based on the idea of popular sovereignty d. The discrediting of nationalism as a result of the excesses of the French Revolution