Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Outline
1. Types of Mining (and why we use them) 2. Beneficiation 3. Smelting 4. Environmental Concerns of 1 through 3
versus
Type of Ore
Is the ore mineral soluble in water? Can the ore be melted?
Surface
Strip Open Pit Placers--Dredging
Underground Solution
?Dinky Toy?
Drilling in pit
Crushing in pit
Underground Mining
Long Wall
Shrinkage Stoping
Block Caving
www.ivanhoe-mines.com/s/Mongolia_ImageGallery
Solution Mining
Beneficiation
Means of separation of ore mineral from waste material (or gangue minerals)
Also known as Liberation
Separation
Density (e.g. diamonds with a jig) Magnetic properties Electric properties Surface properties
Heap Leaching
removes metal from the ore by solution
Iron in review
Blast Furnace 3CO + Fe2O3
2 Fe + 3CO2 (gas)
3Fe + 4CO2 (gas)
4CO + Fe3O4
Sulphide Minerals
Sulphides contd
Smelting
Sulphides contd
Solvent extraction/electroplating
Used where rock contains Cu but in too little amounts to be recovered by classical methods
Heap Leaching
In this process, typically done for Au, the ore is not ground, but rather, crushed and piled on the surface. Weak solutions of NaCN (0.05%) percolate through the material leaching out the desired metals. The solutions are collected and the metals are precipitated
Subsidence
Block/caving Room and pillar Salt mining (Droitwich)
From Underground
Drainage
Berkley Pit
Tailings ponds