CHEMISTRY PROJECT WORK

GUIDED BY: MR. PAWAN KUMAR

ACID PROPERTIES AND ITS USES

PURPOSE
The purpose of this presentation is to explore about :

Acid Properties Applications of acid

ACID

CONTENTS
ACID PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS I. SOURNESS II. CHANGE IN BLUE LITMUS TO RED III. CHANGE METHYL ORANGE TO RED IV. CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICITY WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER

CONTENTS
I. II. III.

IV.
V.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS NEUTRALIZATION REACTION WITH CARBONATES REACTION WITH BICARBONATES REACTION WITH METALS REACTIONS WITH METALLOXIDES ACIDS IN WATER

CONTENTS
I. II. I. II. I. II.

ACIDS ON THE BASIS OF ORIGIN ORGANIC ACIDS MINERAL ACIDS ACIDS ON THE BASIS OF STRENGTH STRONG ACIDS WEAK ACIDS ACIDS ON THE BASIS OF CONCENTRATION DILUTE ACIDS CONCENTRATED ACIDS APPLICATIONS OF ACIDS

METHODOLOGY
1. I. II. III.

Sources Used: Books Internet Textbooks

ACID

Acids are those substances which release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ACID

It has a sour taste. It turns blue litmus to red. It turns methyl orange to red. It conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

HOW ACIDS ARE SOUR IN TASTES

Sourness is the taste that detects acidity. The sourness of substances is rated relative to dilute hydrochloric acid, which has a sourness index of 1. By comparison, tartaric acid has a sourness index of 0.7, citric acid an index of 0.46, and carbonic acid an index of 0.06

HOW ACID TURNS BLUE TO RED LITMUS

Litmus paper is a soft paper that contains a combination of chemicals known collectively as "universal indicator". Each type of molecule in universal indicator has an "acidic" form that contains an H atom in a particular part of the molecule. This indicates blue to red litmus.

HOW ACID TURNS METHYL ORANGE TO RED

Methyl orange is a halo chromic substance in which it changes its color resulting from a chemical reaction , especially from a change in pH, when it binds to existing hydrogen and hydroxide ions in solution, these bonds cause changes in the flow of electrons, which in turn affects the amount of light absorbed. This is perceptible to the naked eye as a color change in the solution. And it turns to red.

HOW ACID CONDUCT ELECTRICITY WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER

Acids in water conduct electricity, due to H+ ions released by them respectively. Acid reacts with metal to form salt and release H2 gas. Acids react with metal carbonate to produce corresponding salt.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS

Neutralization Reaction with carbonates Reaction with bicarbonates Reaction with metals Reaction with metallic oxides

NEUTRALIZATION

An acid when reacts with a base, salt & water are produced. This reaction is called neutralization. HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + H2O HCl + KOH KCl + H2O

I. II. III.

REACTION WITH CARBONATES

Acid and carbonates are combined to produce salt, water and carbon dioxide. Acid + Metal Carbonate Salt +CO2 + H2O

I. II.

III.
IV.

MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O Na2CO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O CaCO3 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O

REACTION WITH BICARBONATES

Acid and bicarbonates are combined to produce salt, water and carbon dioxide.

Acid + Metal Hydrogen Carbonate Salt + CO2 + H2O

NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O

REACTION WITH METAL

Acid + MetalSalt + Hydrogen gas Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 6HCl + Fe2O3 2FeCl3 + 3H2O

REACTIONS WITH METTALIC OXIDES

Acid + Metal oxide Salt + water

2HCL + CuO CuCl2 + H2O

ACIDS IN WATER

Acids produce H+ ions when dissolved in water. H+ ions cannot exist alone. They combine molecule (H2O) to form H3O+ Hydronium ions. It conducts electricity.

ACIDS IN WATER
1.

2.

Acid + Water decrease in H3O+ ions concentration per unit volume dilute acids are formed Acid + Water Highly exothermic reaction. Acids when dissolved in water releases large amount of heat. If water is added to concentrated acid then the heat generated may cause the mixture the splash out and cause burns. Hence acid must be added drop wise into water with constant stirring so that the Strong Acid release more H+ ions HCl Weak Acid release less number of H+ ions acetic acid

ON THE BASIS OF ORIGINS, ACIDS ARE CLASSIFIED AS :

ORGANIC ACIDS : Acids derived from living organisms like plants and animals are called organic acids. They are weak acids and are not harmful for living organisms. For example: citric acid is present in fruits, acetic acid present in vinegar, oxalic acid present in tomato, tartaric acid present in tamarind, lactic acid present in sour milk and curd. MINERAL ACIDS : They are also called inorganic acids. They are dangerous and corrosive. Special precautions have to be taken while handling them. For example: sulphuric acid (H2SO4),hydrochloric acid (HCl) etc.

ON THE BASIS OF STRENGTH, ACIDS ARE CLASSIFIED AS :

STRONG ACIDS : Strong acids are those acids which completely dissociate into its ions in aqueous solutions. Example: nitric acid (HNO3), sulphuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl). WEAK ACIDS : Weak acids are those acids which do not completely dissociate into its ions in aqueous solutions. For example: carbonic acid (H2CO3), acetic acid (CH3COOH).

ON THE BASIS OF CONCENTRATION, ACIDS ARE CLASSIFIED AS:

DILUTE ACIDS : Have a low concentration of acids in aqueous solutions. CONCENTRATED ACIDS : Have a high concentration of acids in aqueous solutions.

APPLICATIONS OF ACIDS

Acids are often used to remove rust and other corrosion from metals in a process known as pickling. They may be used as an electrolyte in a wet cell battery, such as sulfuric acid in a car battery. Strong acids, sulfuric acid in particular, are widely used in mineral processing. For example, phosphate minerals react with sulfuric acid to produce phosphoric acid for the production of phosphate fertilizers

APPLICATIONS OF ACIDS

In the chemical industry, acids react in neutralization reactions to produce salts. For example, nitric acid reacts with ammonia to produce ammonium nitrate, a fertilizer. Acids are used as additives to drinks and foods, as they alter their taste and serve as preservatives. Phosphoric acid, for example, is a component of cola drinks. Acetic acid is used in day to day life as vinegar. Carbonic acid is an important part of some cola drinks and soda. Citric acid is used as a preservative in sauces and pickles.

APPLICATIONS OF ACIDS

Tartaric acid is an important component of some commonly used foods like unripened mangoes and tamarind. Natural fruits and vegetables also contain acids. Citric acid is present in oranges, lemon and other citrus fruits. Oxalic acid is present in tomatoes, spinach, and especially in carambola and rhubarb; rhubarb leaves and unripe carambolas are toxic because of high concentrations of oxalic acid.

APPLICATIONS OF ACIDS

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is an essential vitamin required in our body and is present in such foods as amla, lemon, citrus fruits, and guava. Certain acids are used as drugs. Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) is used as a pain killer and for bringing down fevers.

FACT THAT MATTER

Acids play very important roles in the human body. The hydrochloric acid present in our stomach aids in digestion by breaking down large and complex food molecules. Amino acids are required for synthesis of proteins required for growth and repair of our body tissues. Fatty acids are also required for growth and repair of body tissues. Nucleic acids are important for the manufacturing of DNA, RNA and transmission of characters to offspring through genes. Carbonic acid is important for maintenance of pH equilibrium in the body.

REFERENCE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r2/index.jsp?to pic=%2Fcom.ibm.cics.ts.productoverview.doc%2Fconcepts%2 Facid.html http://www.topperlearning.com/userfiles/X_Chem_Ch2_AcidsB asesAndSalts_concept.pdf http://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-andsalts/10/146/ncertsolutions.html http://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-properties http://www.citycollegiate.com/acidbasesalt2.htm

PRESENTED BY : SOMYA PARAMGURU OF CLASS 10TH