R. K.

Gangwar DE (Transmission) BRBRAITT, Jabalpur

BRBRAITT, Jabalpur

Agenda

Driving Forces Limitation of Todays Network FTTH-The What FTTH-The Why PON Different PON Architecture Advantage of PON Architecture Application Areas BSNL Plan
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Driving Forces

Todays, customer demand for bandwidth hungry applications such as

high-definition TV,
high-speed Internet access, video on demand,

IPTV,
online gaming, distance learning etc which can not fulfill by copper infrastructure i.e. driving the telecommunications industry to deploy more fiber to the home (FTTH) equipment in the broadband access network
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Driving Forces

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Driving Forces

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Driving Forces
Data Applications
High Speed Internet Access (browsing, Chat, FTP, VPN etc) E-Mail Live TV on PC Internet Video on Demand Up to 3 Mb/s or more As above 300 to 750 kb/s 300 to 750 kb/s

Typical bandwidth (downstream)

Video Conferencing
Voice telephony Interactive Games Broadcast TV (e.g., MPEG2) High definition TV HDTV
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300 to 750 kb/s

5 to 128 kb/s 10 to 750 kb/s 2 to 6 Mb/s 12 to 19 Mb/s

Todays Network

The existing infrastructure has value, but is limited

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Limitation of Todays Network

Traditional technologies, like Digital Subscriber Line

(DSL) and cable modem technologies, commonly

used for broadband access, which have access speeds to the order of a megabit per second, with actual rates strongly dependent on distance from the exchange (central office) and quality of the copper infrastructure
The deployment of FTTH will help to eliminate the

bandwidth limitations of deployed copper in the loop

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FTTH-Fiber to the Home

Today, fiber networks come in many varieties, depending on the termination point: Fiber To The Node/Network (FTTN) Fiber To The Curb (FTTC) Fiber To The Buildings (FTTB), Fiber To The Home (FTTH),

For simplicity, most people have begun to refer

to the fiber network as FTTx, in which x stands for the termination point.
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FTTC (Fiber To The Curb)

Users Home

O L T E

Optical Fiber Cable

ONU
Copper Cable

ONU Central Office

A method of installing optical fiber cable by the curb near the users home.
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FTTB (Fiber To The Building)

Users Building

Copper loops O L T E Central Office Optical Fiber Cable ONU

By introducing fiber cables from the fiber termination point to the home living space or business office space FTTB can be converted to full FTTH.
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FTTH (Fiber To The Home)

Users Home

ONU O L T E Optical Fiber Cable

Central Office

FTTH is the final configuration of access networks using optical fiber cable.
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Steps in Evolution of FTTH in BSNL

FTTN ensure that all the NEs shall have fiber

medium
FTTC, the next step, ensures that fiber is available very close to the customer/building FTTB fibre shall be made available to all buildings FTTH is the next and ultimate stage in this plan

Presently BSNLs OF network is at FTTN state. OAN will provide FTTC state FTTB & FTTH can be achieved in latter phases of expansion
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What is FTTH?
Fiber

to the Home is defined as a telecommunications architecture in which a communications path is provided over optical fiber cables extending from the telecommunications operators switching equipment to (at least) the boundary of the home living space or business office space. In this architecture , fiber deployment is carried all the way to the customers home. So , this technology allows Telephone , Cable TV , High speed Internet, HDTV etc to be accessed via one fiber cable.
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What is FTTH?
CO/HE

Copper // Fiber

Old networks, optimized for voice

Limited to few Mbps

CO/HE //

Optical networks, optimized for voice, video and data

19 Mbps - 1 Gbps +

Note: network may be aerial or underground

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What is FTTH?
An OAN in which the ONU is on or within the

customers premise. Although the first installed capacity of a FTTH network varies, the upgrade capacity of a FTTH network exceeds all other transmission media.

OAN: ONU:
OLT:

Optical Access Network Optical Network Unit

Optical Line Termination
OAN
//

CO/HE

OLT
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ONU

What is FTTH?

Transport - ATM? - Ethernet?

Philosophy - Retail - Wholesale

Architecture (Electronics) - PON? - Active node? - Hybrid?

Optical fiber and lasers

CO/HE //

Technical considerations
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Why FTTH?
Enormous information carrying capacity

Easily upgradeable
Allows fully symmetric services Reduced operations and maintenance costs Benefits of optical fiber: Very long distances Allows small diameter and light weight cables Secure Immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI)
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Why FTTH? - more capacity*

200

150
Gbps

100

50

0 Twisted Pair Co-ax Multimode Single-mode

* Typical system capability for 100 m link BRBRAITT, Jabalpur

Why FTTH? - longer distances*

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Twisted Pair Co-axial Multimode Single-mode

kilom eters

* Typical distance for 1 Gbps system capability BRBRAITT, Jabalpur

Why FTTH? - fiber versus copper

//

Glass
Uses light Transparent Dielectric material-

Copper
Uses electricity Opaque Electrically conductive

nonconductive EMI immune Low thermal expansion Brittle, rigid material Chemically stable

material Susceptible to EMI High thermal expansion Ductile material Subject to corrosion and galvanic reactions
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Technology Options for FTTH

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What is PON?
PON - Passive Optical Network is essentially a cost effective optical fiber based access system for providing triple play (voice, video & data) services to both business and residential customers.
A Passive Optical Network (PON) is a single, shared optical fiber that uses inexpensive optical splitters to divide the single fiber into separate strands feeding individual subscribers. PONs are called "passive" because there are no active electronics within the access network.
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What is PON ?

1:4
1:8 1:16 1:32
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BRBRAITT, Jabalpur

PON Architecture

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PON Architecture
Voice Data Video TDM Video/Audio over IP services PON

Management System

ONU
Other Networks

ONU
PABX

1:32(64) Optical Splitter

O L T
TDMA

CATV overlay services

Central Office
Data 2G

IP N/Ws

BTS

ONU
0-20 Km physical reach (60 Km logical reach supported by protocol)

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The basic elements in any PON system are:

OLT : A Central Office (CO) equipment providing PON with the various network interfaces ONU/ONT : An External Plant / Customer Premises equipment providing user interface for many/single customer PON : distributed or single staged passive optical splitters/combiners providing connectivity between OLT & multiple ONU/ONTs through one or two optical fibers NMS : Management of the complete PON system from OLT
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Wavelength Plan for PON

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BRBRAITT, Jabalpur

BRBRAITT, Jabalpur

BRBRAITT, Jabalpur

EPON Downstream

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EPON Upstream

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FTTH deployed Architecture

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BRBRAITT, Jabalpur

Application Areas:
Residential or Business Services High Speed Internet Transparent LAN Service Broadcast Video Multi-Play (Voice, Video, Data etc.) Private Line TDM Telephony IP Telephony (VoIP) Wireless Services Wireless backhaul over PON
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Application Areas Business/Residential Customers

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Application Areas Residential Customers

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Application Areas Wireless Backhaul

2G BTS 2G BTS E1 Eth

ONU

3G Node B E1

2G BSC
ONU

3G Node B ONU Eth

O Eth L T
E1

GPON

N G S D H

SDH N / W

N G S D H

GbEth

E1 ONU

Eth Eth

Central Office

3G RNC

2G BTS

3G Node B

ONU ONU 3G Node B

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Types of ONT
Type 1- Home-ONT(H-ONT) for FTTH applications Type 2-Cabinet/curb-ONU (C-ONU)

Type 3-MDU-ONU (M-ONU) for FTTB

Type 4- Business-ONT(B-ONT) for FTTH

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Type 1- Home-ONT(H-ONT) for FTTH applications

Model 1

Up to 2 POTS One 10/100 baseT

Model 2
-up to 4 POTS Four 10/100 baseT

One RF video interface over CXL

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Type 3-MDU-ONU (M-ONU) for FTTB

Model 1

Up to 24 POTS 12 nos. 10/100 baseT

One RF video interface over CXL

24 VDSL interfaces

Model 2
-up to 12POTS Four 10/100 baseT One RF video interface over CXL 12 VDSL
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Type 4- Business-ONT(B-ONT) for FTTH

up to 8 POTS

1 port for E1
Four 10/100 baseT One port 10/100/1000 baseX One RF video interface over CXL

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Comparison between EPON & GPON

EPON
IEEE 802.3ah Down Stream up to 1.25 Gbps Up Stream up to 1.25 Gbps 1490 nm-Downstream

GPON
ITU-T G-984
Down Stream up to 2.5 Gbps Up Stream up to 2.5 Gbps 1490 nm & 1550 nm-Downstream 1310 nm-Upstream ATM, Ethernet, TDM GPON Encapsulation Method 10-20 Km 1:16, 1:32 and 1:64 NRZ

1310 nm-Upstream
Ethernet Ethernet Frame 10-20 Km. 1:16 and 1:32 8B/10B

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Advantages of PON architecture

Requires less fiber Efficient BW usage (Dynamic BW allocation between ONTs) Support for distributive services Easier addition/removal of ONTs

Failure of one ONT wont affect other ONTs

Implementation of asymmetrical systems results in overall cost saving as downstream traffic is usually heavier than the

upstream one

Higher reliability for fiber cut

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GPON

Optical System for Access Networks Based on ITU-T specifications G.984 series G-PON system supports the following asymmetric transmit rate 155 Mb/s up, 1.24416 Gb/s down 622 Mb/s up, 1.24416 Gb/s down 1.25 Gb/s up, 1.24416 Gb/s down 155Mb/s up, 2.48832 Gb/s down 622 Mb/s up, 2.48832 Gb/s down 1.24416 Gb/s up, 2.48832 Gb/s down 2.48832 Gb/s up, 2.48832 Gb/s down Supports both ATM and GEM encapsulation. GEM encapsulation supports both Native TDM and Data.
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GPON Architecture
Node B BTS Apartment Building

Management System
ONU

IP N/Ws
ONU Residence

TDM

O
CATV overlay services

Down stream 2.5Gbps GPON Upstream 1.25 Gbps ONU

L T

Other Networks

Central Office

TDMA
ONU 0-20 Km physical reach (60 Km logical reach supported by protocol)

Office

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GPON Architecture
GigE Switch
ONT

Ethernet Transport ADM MADM

ONT

ONT

ONT

Splitter 1:N

SDH Transport OLT

ONT

PON Access

Access Network

Fiber Distribution
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Central Office

PON Configurations
Type A: The first configuration doubles only the

optical fibres, Type B: The second configuration doubles the OLTs and the optical fibres between the OLTs and the optical splitter. Type C: The third configuration doubles not only the OLT side facilities but also the ONU side. Therefore, the full duplex cost enables a high reliability. Type D: If the ONUs are installed in the customer buildings, the in-house wiring may or may not be duplexed. only a limited number of ONUs may have the duplex configuration.
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Type A -Fibre duplex system

BSNL Proposed this configuration

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Type B -OLT-only duplex system

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Type C- Full duplex system

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Type D-Partial duplex configuration

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ONT Types & Applications

Residential Applications - H-ONT POTS 2 Internet Browsing Ethernet 10/100BT 1 RFBasic Telephony (SIP) 1 Video * Cable TV
IP TV
Commercial (B-ONU) CAT-I POTS VPLS, VPLAN 4 Ethernet 10/100BT 4 E1 PBX E1 4 STM1 RF Video * CPE replacement 1

Applications

Basic Telephony (SIP) Cable TV, IP TV

Applications SOHO/Commercial - B-ONT Internet Access POTS 4 Ethernet 10/100BT 4 VPLS/VPLAN RF Video * 1 Basic Telephony (SIP) Cable TV, IP TV

Applications
Commercial (B-ONU) CAT-II VPLS, VPLAN Ethernet GigE 1 E1 Internet Access 4 RF Video * 1

E1

IP DSLAM interface
Cable TV, IP TV
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BSNL Plan
In BSNL, the broadband, voice, data & video etc

services has been clubbed into a brand name Next Generation Play Network.
The access technology is GPON or GEPON(EPON) over

FTTH.
2 Million Customers planned in three phases up to 2010-

11.
The first phase projection is for 7.0 Lakhs customers. 5.5

Lakhs customers proposed based on GPON. 1.5 Lakhs customers proposed based on GEPON.
One GPON Chassis will support 320 customers

One GEPON Chassis will support 640 customers. BRBRAITT, Jabalpur

Thank you!

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