Infrastructure Planning Infrastructure Planning & & Development Development

SANJEEV KISHORE DGM (Corporate Monitoring)

A Project is.
A project is a series of activities and tasks with a specified objective, starting and ending dates and requires resources. Made up of three elements: Planning-deciding what to do. Scheduling- deciding when to do it. Controlling- assuring that desired results are obtained.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT
The whole PM process for a Power Plant may be divided in six major heads.
Project Set-Up Project Definition FR Preparation Statutory clearances TEC from CEA Project Plan Schedules Budget Allocation Funds TieUp Engg. & Procurement Finalize Pkg. List MNW Finalize Cost estimate Finalize Specs Tendering L1 Schedule Award L2 Schedule Detailed Engg. Supply Mfg. Inspn Execution Contract Closing Settlement of Variations, LDs, other contractual issues Reconciliati on of contract documents Final Payments Closing of contract

Land Acquisition Pkg. Wise Budget Infra allocation develop Yr. wise ment Budget Fuel Schedule Linkages Budget Power Release Transmissi Availability on tie ups Control Power purchase agreements Rehab & Resettleme nt

Site Cons. & erection

L3 Schedule

- Field Quality Checks Progress reporting & Monitoring Payments Commg. & Handing over

First Principle of Construction Management

Provide adequate, infrastructure, well of start of construction activities whereby speeding up the construction execution of the project & reducing overall construction duration of the project.

INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING

Infrastructure Planning
Infrastructure is vital for smooth and timely implementation of any project If not provided good attention it will result in:
Avoidable Delays, Escalate Project Costs and Stretch Project Schedules beyond acceptable limits.

Infrastructure Planning
Action is to be taken during the initial pre-construction stages It ensures the availability of necessary infrastructure during construction plans for infrastructure The development need to be fully integrated with the overall project construction schedules

Infrastructure Planning
Infrastructure planning of involves planning for: Land Acquisition, Development of facilities like: Construction Power, Construction Water Construction Equipment, Approach Roads, Sheds Both Storage and Office etc Township Facilities.

Infrastructure Planning

Successful implementation of above activities forms a sound base for take-off of the Main Plant Construction & Erection Activities of the Project.

Basic Infrastructure
Planning & Construction of large size township & other facilities such as Schooling Medical, Shopping and Recreation Facilities as a precursor to actual project work in a practically virgin territory is a project by itself.

Basic Infrastructure
The delay in project completion schedule and quality project work is generally observed in projects that lack infrastructure development It lowers the motivations of personnel at site and also for personnel to move to site subsequently affecting the project schedule and quality of work.

Pre-requisites for Development of Infrastructure

The essential pre-requisite for effective implementation of project involves: A Motivated Team Leader & Core Team

When to Plan?
The right time to start this planning isbe at the time of preparation of FR for the project. This allows adequate time for taking action on time consuming activities which do not need much finance like Land acquisition which involves lengthy procedures.

Land Acquisition Process

Team Leader is given authority to cope with the responsibility to take decision right away. Site staff needs to be aware of legal formalities of land acquisition. The dedicated site team to liaise with different local authorities and understand human problems while interacting with local public.

Land Acquisition
Site staff may retain Patwaris on projects pay roll as they would be highly useful in Reading various land maps, of acres, trees, Measurement structures for compensation purposes Assisting in updating relevant land records which is a meticulous job Supplement the efforts of the local land acquisition officer effectively and reduce long lead time necessary for land acquisition

Land Acquisition Programme

Land acquisition programme should provide for measures like: Absorbing the displaced persons to the maximum extent possible in the suitable jobs of the project Resorting to resettlement scheme thereby providing the land for the displaced persons with approach roads water and power as a sort of rehabilitation measure. Establishment of perfect rapport with the local land acquisition department as this would be major help in projects land acquisition programme.

Acquisition Government Land

Ascertaining of the quantum of government land necessary through surveys Submission of requisition with details to the local Tahsildar. Proper scrutiny is done of the areas required/ to be handed over, by the local authority Local authority prepares the compensation details to be paid for the land and the award is passed. After depositing the money the land is taken for possession.

Acquisition Government Land

Advantage with Govt land is the advance possession can be obtained before all details are even worked out by the local authority by entering into dialogue with the Collector or higher government officials. Hence it is preferable to finalize a site which broadly covers Govt Land to the extent possible, keeping in mind all the other technical considerations.

Private Land Acquisition

The land acquisition procedure for the private land consists of Submission of requisition for the land by the project authorities Issue of section 4 notification by the revenue department which entitle the project authorities to enter private land for survey and verification. Section 4 notification published in gazette at several public places. It is a notice to the private land owners, of Governments intention for acquiring the private land for Government use.

Private Land Acquisition

Spot Verification by identifying the actual land that is needed tallying with the maps called mauza maps or khasra maps various temporary and permanent structures falling in the area are also identified. This is conducted by local revenue department authorities. Issue of section 6 and 17 notice by the revenue officials is a notice, to the private land owners of definite intention to acquire the specific areas on an urgent basis. There is a statutory time gap for land owners to voice their objection

Private Land Acquisition

Subsequently section 9 notice is issued to owners to invite their views on compensation. Section-11 enquiry is issued indicative to the owners the compensation to be paid to them, views if any are also obtained from the owners. After statutory time gap an order is passed by the land acquisition officer that the land is awarded to the project authorities and money to be deposited by way of compensation is indicated. Project authorities deposit the compensation money. On fixed dates land acquisition officer distributes the compensation.

Private Land Acquisition

Subsequently the land is handed over to project authorities. It is necessary that a dialogue is entered into with land acquisition officer and the local bodies for acquiring some land, based on likely number of families to be displaced from the private land, for their resettlement. It also essential to liaison with local bodies and develops some approach roads, water and power amenities made available by the time compensation is distributed to the land owners. This would lessen the time for taking possession of the private land.

Activity Durations for Pvt Land Acquisition

Normal durations experienced in acquiring private land are indicated as under: Section 4 notification Spot verification Section 6 and 17 issue Section 9 and 11 enquiry Preparation of compensation papers Payment of compensation 4 Weeks 10 Weeks 4 Weeks 2 Weeks 4 weeks 4 weeks

Infrastructure: Accommodation
Immediate accommodation: For initial core activities the core team have to move to site to start the land acquisition formalities, Accommodation has to be arranged for them through an arrangements with existing local bodies & ensuring accommodation for this staff and their offices.

Infrastructure: Accommodation
Temporary Township A Temporary township was earlier planned in stages ahead of the permanent township. A two or three stages construction programme depending on the site manpower induction consisting of 50 quarters and 225 quarters is planned. This township is generally located near the plant site and preferably in Govt. land. A temporary guest house should also be planned consisting of 10 to 12 rooms close to the temporary colony & transit camp Arrangement for shopping facility

Infrastructure: Permanent Township

The Complete Permanent Township consists of: Well laid out quarters of various categories. Roads with good drainage facility. Suitable horticulture for the lay out. Shopping complex. Dispensary and hospital facilities. School and college. Police station. Post office, Bank, etc. Community hall. Recreation clubs and auditoriums.

Infrastructure: Construction Power

Requirement of construction power based on the construction programme, in a phased manner needed for construction is established. It is envisaged that work of construction power availability the transformer to step down to 11 KV, ring main, corresponding transformers 11 Kv/415 KV, and the LT distribution boards are jointly worked out to meet the site requirements The requirement of construction power for a Power Project in a phased manner is finalized by the Engg group and is approximately as given under:S.No 1 State / Time of project start Power requirement

At the start of structural steel fabrication work for 1500KVA main plant (i.e. 10 to 12 months from the project start) Intermediately stage ( 1 & months from the project 3000KVA start) Start of Boiler fabrication and erection (2 years from 6000KVA project start)

2 3

Infrastructure: Construction Water

As for the first stage when construction water is required (about 2 cusecs), could be drawn from the existing water mains of existing nearby local establishment or from a water source of the irrigation department on the above, Scheme is made, pipes and valves are purchased suitably, erection contractor appointed and pipe line laid. Permanent water supply scheme however, will envisage for construction of permanent pump house, arrangements for water being drawn from the agreed source of supply. The actual implementation of the construction water scheme would take 3 to 6 months depending upon land availability and scheme being approved.

Infrastructure: Construction Equipment

It is essential that the construction equipment i.e. vehicles, bulldozers, tipplers, road rollers de-watering pumps, cranes etc. are listed down and are procured at the initial stage of the projects starts. To hire jeeps vans, buses, trucks depending on the site staff To procure cranes of various capacities to match up the receipt of material and handling programme. To procure dewatering pumps at the initial stage itself. To procure bulldozers, road rollers within 4 to 6 months of start of project work as individual small area leveling may be required other than contractors work.

AVAILABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS

Thermal Projects In order to reduce the project cycle time, total mechanization of construction activity like earthwork, blasting, concreting, fabrication, erection, assembling, piling, material lifting etc. have been considered for assessing the requirement of construction activity. Yearly capacity addition from thermal projects is about 10000MW i.e. Rs. 45000 crores which will call for deployment of construction equipment of Rs. 6750 crores. The major equipment required to be deployed for simultaneous construction of 24 projects of less than 500 MW and 21 projects of more than 500MW is summarized below.

S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 11. 12. 13. 14.

Particular of equipment 325 T Fm Crane Or Equivalent Sumitomo crane or equivalent 150 t Crawler mounted crane 100 t Crawler mounted crane 75 t Mobile crane - 20 mt / 8 mt Mobile crane 40 mt Heavy duty trailer 20-50 mt Dumpers Dozers ( heavy duty d-6 & d-8) (hydraulic) Vibro compactors Concrete pump Truck mounted concrete pumps with placing boom Transit mixer (min. 5 cum. Capacity) Batching plant (more than 30 cum. / hr. Capacity)

Estimated Requirement 47 177 90 444 1206 156 1206 3540 132 444 444 177 884 288

Available 12 120 72 312 732 98 732 3540 68 312 312 100 528 166

Augmentation required 30 57 18 132 474 58 474 -64 132 132 77 356 122

S.No. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.

Particular of equipment Rotary hydraulic piling rig Compressors DG sets Boring equipment for trench less construction Welding machines Slip form equipment Strand and jack arrangement for boiler ETDA cleaning arrangement for boiler Passenger cum goods lifts for boiler Induction heating machines Gantry Crane Pock lain Tipper

Estimated Requirement 177 177 354 45 12060 45 21 21 156 156 156 444 3120

Available 100 100 200 31 12060 31 1 1 98 98 98 312 1960

Augmentation required 77 77 154 14 --14 20 20 58 58 58 132 1160

Infrastructure: Railway Siding

A railway siding leading to plant site has to be planned and constructed as to receive Steel, Cement, Plant and Equipment etc. If a siding already exists close to plant then arrangements should be made with the concerned agencies to use this siding as temporary siding or take permission to have a small branch into the plant area if the existing railway siding is little away. Co-ordination with railway authorities and other concerned agencies is necessary to prepare and approve a scheme for implementation. Acquisition of the necessary land is undertaken It is estimated that a period of 6 months is required for a railway siding of about 3 kms length.

Office & Storage Sheds

Office sheds Office sheds based on the staff to be posted in accordance with the work programme The normal plinth area of an office shed to be built is about 1100 Sq. Mts. Storage sheds it is envisaged to use sheds locally available with the public bodies till the construction of stores is made. Initially only four storage sheds are constructed as the respective contractors are responsible for receipts and storage of their materials. The plinth area of each storage shed is around 900 Sq. Mtrs.

Infrastructure: Steel Storage

The Estimates of Quantities of various types of steel are made and procurement action taken in a phased manner to suit the construction programme. Along with the steel procurement Steel yard development is done by: Fencing, Making areas for specific type steel storage, Construction of raised pedestals water draining facility, Approach for loading and withdrawn steel as per requirements is made and implemented. Weigh Bridge installation

Infrastructure: Approach Roads & Plant Roads

Approach road construction is planned slightly ahead of site clearance and leveling work. In case the permanent approach roads are of considerable length and would take longer time durations then the temporary approach roads are planned and constructed. In plant roads are planned for construction subsequent to adequate site leveling work being completed. Drainage facilities in the plant are planned to be constructed along with plant road construction.

Infrastructure: Communication Facilities

Setting up good communication base at site is one of the vital links for successful implementation of infrastructure works and subsequent main plant execution. Arrange is made for : requisite number of telephone connections SATCOM facility RAX/ Intercom facility FAX Mobile with CUG connection

Infrastructure: Site leveling

Site leveling is to be planned priority wise to 5 months prior to start of civil work of foundations Before Site Leveling, survey is planned and conducted and contour maps are made available. The ground level desired in the plant layout is established and the amount of earth work cutting and filling involved are evaluated leveling specifications are accordingly made, tenders floated and work is awarded.

Infrastructure: Security Arrangement

Proper security arrangements and adequate security staff is to be provided both for the initial and later stages of the project. Barbed wire fencing is provided for the plant area and storage area. Suitable gate structures to be set up at the openings for rail entries and plant entrance.

Infrastructure: Security Arrangement

In the initial phase security arrangements should be made available by the time storage sheds are completed and when construction materials start reaching site which is around 6 to 7 months from project start. Later permanent wall should replace the barbed wire fencing.

Requirement of infrastructure before Zero date i.e. Award of Main plant Package For a typical Greenfield Thermal Power Project
Sl.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Description Posting of project head and core team All Survey and all soil/ rock investigations All studies like EIA, EMP, Seismic, Hydrological, remote sensing etc. Appointment of consultants for various studies, township etc. Finalization of railway siding/ MGR route All statutory clearances including SPCB and MOEF clearance Socio economic Study Initial site office/ porta-cabins for initial site offices Initial approach roads and bridges to site (strengthening/new), approach to major project components and priority area/ Final approach road to site All land acquisition, forest clearance, tree cutting permission Site leveling / Grading works Diversion of any facilities crossing main work area like Transmission / power line, roads, nallah etc. Road to main plant area DG sets Resp. HR-CC Engg Engg Engg Engg Engg Site Site Site

10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Site Site Site Site Site

15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.

Construction power system General area Lighting Masts, street lighting Temporary drainage system in plant area Peripheral Roads / drains Tube well / Bore well system/ Construction water and drinking water system H-type office building V-Sat, internet facility Office facilities like photocopiers, office equipment, computers, LAN etc. Communication facilities like phone, fax, internet, mobile (CUG) Boundary wall, main gate, watch towers, security arrangements, land boundary pillars, temporary fencing Field Quality Laboratory with all equipment Temporary store building -2 nos. Development of steel yard with weigh bridge Transport facilities- Cars, buses, jeeps

Site Site Site Site Site Site IT-CC Site Site Site Site Site

Site

29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.

Transit camp Helipad Field hostel along with necessary amenities Development of enabling township with all amenities RAP finalization Rehabilitation of PAFs from main working area Rehabilitation colony development (Initial requirement) with all amenities CISF deployment survey, finalization of infrastructure needed for CISF, development of initial infrastructure and mobilization of CISF Procurement of fire tender Procurement of identified construction T&P, development of auto base Petrol / diesel pump for the project Medical facilities for employees Initial school facilities for employees children

Site Site Site Site R&R-CC Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site

List if Infrastructure for a Typical Hydro Power Project

Sl.No. Description 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Posting of project head and core team All Survey and all soil/ rock investigations All studies like EIA, EMP, Seismic, Hydrological, remote sensing etc. Appointment of consultants for various studies, township etc. All statutory clearances including SPCB and MOEF clearance Appointment of engineering consultant Initial site office/ Porta-cabins for initial site offices nearest to work site with all logistic support Helipad development Socio economic study Initial approach roads and bridges to site (strengthening/new), approach to major project components and priority area/ Final approach road to site All land acquisition, forest clearance and tree cutting permission Diversion of any facilities crossing main work area like Transmission / power line, roads, nallah etc. Fencing/ land boundary pillars, security arrangements Tube well / Bore well system/ Construction water and drinking water system Construction power system Resp. HR-CC Engg Engg Engg Engg Engg Site Site Site Site

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Site Site Site Site Site

16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.

DG sets General area Lighting Masts, street lighting Site office buildings at various project components V-Sat, internet facility Communication facilities like phone, fax, internet, mobile (CUG) Office facilities like photocopiers, office equipment, computers, LAN etc. Field Quality Laboratory with all equipment Temporary store building -2 nos. Transport facilities- Cars, buses, jeeps Construction of Adits, diversion tunnels (as applicable) for hydro projects Field hostel along with necessary amenities Transit camp Development of enabling township with all amenities RAP finalization Rehabilitation of PAFs from main working area Rehabilitation colony development (Initial requirement) with all amenities CISF deployment survey, finalization of infrastructure needed for CISF, development of initial infrastructure and mobilization of CISF Procurement of fire tender Procurement of identified construction T&P, auto base development Petrol / diesel pump for the project Medical facilities for employees

Site Site Site IT-CC Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site R&R-CC Site Site Site Site Site Site Site