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Foundations of Information Systems in Business
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Learning Objectives
1. Explain why knowledge of information systems is important for business professionals and identify five areas of information systems knowledge they need.
2. Give examples to illustrate how the business applications of information systems can support a firms business processes, managerial decision making, and strategies for competitive advantage.
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Learning Objectives 3. Provide examples of several major types of information systems from your experiences with business organizations in the real world. 4. Identify several challenges that a business manager might face in managing the successful and ethical development and use of information technology in a business.
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Learning Objectives 5. Provide examples of the components of real world information systems. Illustrate that in an information system, people use hardware, software, data and networks as resources to perform input, processing, output, storage, and control activities that transform data resources into information products.
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Why Study Information Systems? Information technology can help all kinds of businesses improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their business processes, managerial decision making, and workgroup collaboration, thus strengthening their competitive positions in a rapidly changing marketplace.
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What is an Information System? Any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks, and data resources that stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization.
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Roles of IS in Business
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What is E-Business? Definition: The use of Internet technologies to work and empower business processes, electronic commerce, and enterprise collaboration within a company and with its customers, suppliers, and other business stakeholders. An online exchange of value.
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Enterprise Collaboration Systems Definition: Involve the use of software tools to support communication, coordination, and collaboration among the members of networked teams and workgroups.
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What is E-Commerce? Definition: The buying and selling, and marketing and servicing of products, services, and information over a variety of computer networks.
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Operation Support Systems Definition: Information systems that process data generated by and used in business operations Goal is to efficiently process business transactions, control industrial processes, support enterprise communications and collaboration, and update corporate databases
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Process Control Systems (PCS) monitor and control industrial processes. Enterprise Collaboration Systems support team, workgroup, and enterprise communications an collaboration.
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Management Support Systems Definition: Information systems that focus on providing information and support for effective decision making by managers
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Executive Information Systems (EIS) provide critical information from MIS, DSS, and other sources tailored to the information needs of executives.
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Operational & Managerial IS Expert Systems provide expert advice for operational chores or managerial decisions
Knowledge Management Systems support the creation, organization, and dissemination of business knowledge to employees and managers
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IS Classifications by Scope
Functional Business Systems support basic business functions Strategic Information Systems support processes that provide a firm with strategic products, services, and capabilities for competitive advantage
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Measures of Success
Efficiency
Minimize costs Minimize time Minimize the use of information resources
Effectiveness
Support an organizations business strategies Enable its business processes Enhance its organizational structure and culture Increase the customer business value of the enterprise
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Developing IS Solutions
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Ethical Challenges of IT
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IT Career Trends
Rising labor costs have resulting in large-scale movement to outsource programming functions to India, the Middle East and Asia-Pacific countries. More new and exciting jobs emerge each day as organizations continue to expand their wide-scale use of IT. Frequent shortages of qualified information systems personnel. Constantly changing job requirements due to dynamic developments in business and IT ensure long-term job outlook in IT remains positive and exciting.
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The IS Function represents A major functional area of business equally as important to business success as the functions of accounting, finance, operations management, marketing, and human resource management. An important contributor to operational efficiency, employee productivity and morale, and customer service and satisfaction.
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The IS Function represents A dynamic, rewarding, and challenging career opportunity for millions of men and women.
A key component of the resources, infrastructure, and capabilities of todays networked business enterprise.
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What is a System? Definition: A group of interrelated components, with a clearly defined boundary, working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process.
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System Components Input capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed Processing transformation steps that convert input into output Output transferring elements that have been produced by a transformation process to their ultimate destination
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Cybernetic Systems Definition: a self-monitoring, self-regulating system. Feedback data about the performance of a system Control monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a system is moving toward the achievement of its goal
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A Business System
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Information System Resources People end users and IS specialists Hardware physical devices and materials used in information processing including computer systems, peripherals, and media Software sets of information processing instructions including system software, application software and procedures
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Information Systems Resources (cont) Data facts or observations about physical phenomena or business transactions
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Data vs. Information Data raw facts or observations typically about physical phenomena or business transactions
Information data that have been converted into a meaningful and useful context for specific end users
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Network Resources Communications Media examples include twisted-pair wire, coaxial and fiber-optic cables, microwave, cellular, and satellite wireless technologies Network Infrastructure examples include communications processors such as modems and internetwork processors, and communications control software such as network operating systems and Internet browser packages.
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Information Systems Activities Input of Data Resources Processing of Data into Information Output of Information Products Storage of Data Resources Control of System Performance
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Recognizing Information Systems Fundamental Components of IS People, hardware, software, data and network resources used
Summary There is no longer a distinction between an IT project and a business initiative. Information systems are an important contributor to operational efficiency, employee productivity and morale, and customer service and satisfaction.
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Summary Information systems are a major source of information and support needed to promote effective decision making by managers and business professionals. Information systems can be categorized based on their intended purpose.
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Summary Managing and using information systems can pose several challenges including the development process and ethical responsibilities.
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Chapter
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End of Chapter
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