DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF OPERATIONL TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIER

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MEENAKSHI YADAV MVLSI-258-2K10 M.Tech

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abstract

The outside world is actually of analog nature and to be able to interact with computrs etc. we need some analog and mix analog/digital circuits. Among various analog circuits operational amplifier has a very dominant role. It is used in almost all analog applications. Its main characterstics are high input resistance, low output resistance, high gain , high CMRR, high unity gain bandwidth, and high common mode range (CMR) . Performance of any analog application depends on these characterstics if they meet the desired specification. Once the topology
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OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER OPERATIONAL

TRANSCONDUCTANCE

AMPLIFIER
PARAMETERS FOLDED DESIGN

STUDIED

CASCODE OTA PROCEDURE OTA

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TELESCOPIC DESIGN

PROCEDURE

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Basic

building block in analog circuits. controlled voltage source.

Voltage Low High High

output impedance. differential input impedance. gain

Always

used with external feedback circuit to create amplifier, filter , integreting circuits.

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 Voltage

controlled current source. OPERATIONAL TRANSCONDUCTANCE High differentialAMPLIFIER gain.

High Used Has

output impedance. without external feedback . (Gm) is the important

better frequency capability.

Transconductance

parameter.

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 DC

Gain

PARAMETERS STUDIED
gain bandwidth mode gain margin swing

Unity

Common Phase Slew

rate offset

Input/output Output PSRR

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FOLDED CASCODE OTA

It

is cascade of a differential transconductance stage with a current stage followed by a cascade current-mirror load op-amp uses cascading in output stage combined with an unusual implementation of the differential amplifier to achieve good input common mode range. of a cascade mirror leads to achieve the gain of two-stage and allows for self -compensation.
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This

Use

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DESIGN PROCEDURE

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w/l ratios after calculation

W/L

ratio for 1.25um technology

W/L ratio for 0.18um technology

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Dc gain and unity gain b/w

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Phase margin

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Slew rate

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Input/output swing

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psrr

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Output offset

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results

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Telescopic OTA
The

transistors are placed one on the top of the other to create a sort of Telescopic composition (this led to the circuit name as telescopic op-amp). The input differential pair injects the signal currents into common gate stages. circuit achieves the differential to single ended conversion with a cascode current mirror. small signal resistance at the output node is quite high; it is the parallel connection of two cascode configurations.
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The

The

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DESIGN PROCEDURE

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w/l ratios after calculation

W/L

RATIO FOR 1.25 UM TECHNOLOGY

W/L

RATIO FOR 0.18 UM TECHNOLOGY

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DC gain and unity gain b/w

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Phase margin

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Slew rate

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Input output swing

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Common mode gain

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RESULTS

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CONCLUSION
Operational It

transconductance amplifier is a voltage controlled current source. has a high differential input impedance and high output impedance take at a capacitive load. is a open loop amplifier therefore used without external feedback thereby having better frequency capability. important parameter of OTA is its transconductance. OTA has higher speed and lesser
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It

The

Telescopic

Future scope
Folded

cascade OTA and telescopic OTA if designed for a specific Gm value it is used to implement active filter component such as resistor, inductors which are further used to implement active filter such as butterworth filter chebwyshev filter Bessel filter and elliptical filters. filters are are used in wideband application .

These

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refrences

1. Kuen-Jong Lee, Wei-Chiang Wang, and Kou-Shung Huang, A Current-Mode Testable Design of Operational Transconductance AmplifierCapacitor Filters, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and SystemsII: Analog And Digital Signal Processing, vol. 46, no. 4, April 1999.
2.

L. Weinberg, Network Analysis and Synthesis, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1962.

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Thankyou

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