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Preparation Step of Metallurgy

Ebrianto Sattria Malik 3334091323 Metalurgical Engineering

Outline
Introduction Physical Preparation Chemical Preparation Application Conclusion References

why the ores should be prepared?

Introduction
The ores that Obtained from mining are generally not eligible to be extracted pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and electrometallurgy. Therefore we need an ore preparation, which includes the preparation of physical and chemical preparation.

Metal soluble in cheap reagents

elements Easily separated in hidro process

Simple and inexpensive taken

Substances have a large contact for fast reaction

The Best Condition for Hydrometallurgy Gangue not to much absorb solvent
Non corrosive and non toxic solvent Solvent agent can be recycling

Metallurgy Process flow Chart

Ore (ROM) Preparation ore Pre-processed (Chemical ) Extraction metallurgy Crude metal Physical metallurgy Drying Semi finished metal Mechanical metallurgy metals To the market Calcination Roasting Aglomeration Ore dressing Sizing/screening Cominution Concentration

JAW CRUSHER
A Jaw Crusher reduces large rocks by dropping them into a flat "V" shaped space created between a fixed surface and a movable surface. The compression is created by forcing the rock against the stationary plate

Ball Mill
Ball mills are a similar shape to that of the rod mills except that they are shorter with length to diameter ratios of 1 to 1.5. As the name implies, the grinding media in these mills are steel balls.

Thickener
Stages of solid-liquid separation is carried out between the thickening (sedimentation)

Physical Preparation
Jigging, like most gravity concentration techniques, is one of the oldest methods for concentrating minerals based on differences in the density of the particles. The elementary jig is an open tank filled with water with a thick bed of particles, called ragging, supported on a horizontal perforated surface. The water is pulsated up and down

Magnetic Separation

Magnetic separations take advantage of the magnetic properties of minerals. Ferromagnetic minerals (i.e., magnetite and pyrrhotite) are magnetic and are easily separated from other minerals, since they will be attracted to the poles of a magnet.

Physical Preparation
Flotation is considered to be a physico-chemical process. Equipment in the form of mechanically or pneumatically agitated tanks or cells generate air bubbles, which provides the physical aspect. The chemical aspect is provided by reagents, which vary the surface properties of minerals and of the slurry medium for separation of valuable minerals,

Separate the gangue and concentrate the tailings.

Reduce the size of the form of ore and ore uniformity

Increase the surface area of ore.

Physical Preparation
Increase the degree of liberation. Produce ore with size and shape suitable for the stage extraction. Phase extraction becomes more efficient and economical

Control the size and composition of ore.

Application : CIP METHOD Physical preparation: Crushing, Grinding, Milling, Gravity Separation, and Froth Flotation

Chemical Preparation
The purpose is to change the chemical preparation of chemical compounds contained in the ore minerals to be easily processed in the extraction stage.

Chemical Preparation
The purpose of changing the ores compound in the chemcal preparation step 1. To make mineral impurities is not dissolve (reduce the solubility impurities mineral) from leaching agents so, the loss of leaching agents is small.
Example: Presence of pyrrhotite (FeS) in Au ore resulted in cyanide solution required in the cyanidation process also increased due to pyrrhotite leahing agents consume

Cont..
Presence of phyrrhotitte (FeS) in the gold ore resulted cyanide solution required in the cyanidatio process increased due to pyrrhotite leaching agnets consume. Reaction equation that happens : FeS + 2H+ + 6CN- Fe(CN)6 4- + H2S That is not we want to happen because consume of leaching agents is increased, in other side amount of the pregnant solution is decreased. So that ore must be roasted in the atmosphere that containing oxygen. The pyrrhotite will transformed into Fe2O3 which are not dissolve in cyanide solution. 2FeS + 3,5 O2 Fe2O3 + SO2

Cont...
2. To Obtain a form that is relatively more
soluble in the leaching agent Example: In general, compounds of Au, Cu, Zn does not easily dissolve in the leaching agent, it is done heating or addition of other compounds or controlling the atmosphere to produce a soluble product.

Caron process????

Cont..
Roasting reduction That process is to react nikel oxide with hematite (Fe2O3) to be nikel metallic (FeNi) and reduce the amount of the iron from hematite. Reaction during the process :

The process at 700 760 degrees celcius about 90 minutes. The reductor tha used it is from gasses like Carbon Monoxyde (CO) and hydrogen (H2)

Conclusion
In the process of extraction metallurgy, ore must go through the stages of preparation, both physically and chemically so that the ore is easily processed in the subsequent extraction step.

References
Kelly, Errol G. 1982. Introduction to Mineral Processing. New York : John Wiley and Sons. Fathi Habashi, Principles of Extractive Metallurgy, 2nd Vol & 3rd Vol Gordon&Breach,New York, 1980

Thank You