HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICES AT CONSTRUCTION SITES

NORLIZA BINTI SHAHABUDIN

PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Introduction Problem Statement Aims and Objective of Study Scope of Study Methodology Result and Discussion Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
Construction is one of the major contributors to environmental problems. Most of the resources consumed on construction sites are non-renewable and some may even create adverse environmental effects during their manufacture. Good housekeeping is one of the foundation stones of safety on construction sites. Good housekeeping is an important factor in preventing injuries, illnesses and property damage that may result hazards such as trip, slip and falls, falling objects, fires and unhealthful working condition. Good housekeeping is essentiallly the maintenence, Maintaining an orderly means that material and equipment are neat and well kept to prevent release to the environment (Lawrence K. Wang, Yung T. Hung and Nazih K. Shammas , 2009).

Good Housekeeping practices can provide a real economic asset and advantage for a company in terms of minimizing waste, use of raw materials and energy. Minimizing waste can enable enterprises to reduce the loss of valuable material inputs and therefore reduce operational costs (Sustainable Business Associates, 1998). Good housekeeping focuses on keeping the work site clean and orderly, storing materials under whenever possible and handling materials and waste in manner that minimizes risk and potential runoff (Matthew J. Devries, 2010). The nine good reason for housekeeping (Environmental management alternatives, 2006): 1. Prevents accidents 5. Increases production 2. Prevents fire 6. Give workers the freedom to move 3. Saves time 7. Give workers pride 4. Gives control to workers 8. Protects our products and equipment 9. Reduces waste

HOUSEKEEPING
Contractual Requirements
Legislation/Regulatory Requirements Technical/Construction Requirements

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Good housekeeping involves every phase of industrial operations and should apply throughout the entire premises, indoors and out. It is more than cleanliness. Several thousand construction workers are injured each year following a trip or slip while their at work on a building site. Statistics in DOSH (2008), majority of fall happen on the same level resulting from slip and trips because lack of safe work procedures. Best practice in Management Safety and Health and Environment (HSE) that more efficient could help everyone parties which involved with construction activity, especially contractor (CIDB,2009).

Statistics of Accident Cases (Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Malaysia)

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AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

The aim of this study is to develop housekeeping checklist in construction. This checklist is important as it could be a guide to best practices hence encouraging continuous improvement in housekeeping aspect at the construction industry. This aims is supported by the following objectives: i. To identify best practices of housekeeping at construction site ii. To assess current state of housekeeping in selected sites based on the best practices principles iii. To identify factors and effects of housekeeping on construction site iv. To develop housekeeping checklist that could be practiced at construction site

SCOPE OF STUDY
The scopes of data collection in this study focus on the following aspects: i. The contractors company such as contractors who involved in sectors: Commercial Residential Civil construction workplaces Contractors class A, B and C registration with Contractors Services Centre (PKK) or/and G7, G6 and G5 with CIDB in Johor.

ii.

 Significant of studies is on safe work practices for house generally undertaken in manufacturing. Housekeeping in the workplace is very important.

METHODOLOGY
The first objective was through literature review to gather some sound knowledge of the study topic where a clearer framework of the study was established. The second, third and fourth objectives were achieve through conducted questionnaire survey. The distribution of the industry wide questionnaire survey to the 32 respondents which represent the contractor involved in construction project in Johor.

Likert Scale of an ordinal scale of 1 to 5 in ascending order of a agreement had been in most of the questions or statements given for the respondents to rate their opinions. Generally, the questionnaire designed for this study consisted of four sections: Section A - General information, Section B Best Practices in Housekeeping, Section C Factor and effect from housekeeping on construction site and Section D Housekeeping Checklist The result of the responses presented in this study is calculated using frequencies analysis and Relative Index Method which represents the strength of response from 0.2 to 1.0 for each statement where 1.0 indicate 100% strongly agreed by all respondents and 0.2 is 100% least agreeable.

Nesan (1997) and Holt et al. (1996) :

RI = (n1 (1) + n2 (2) + n3 (3) + n4 (4) + n5 (5)) n (1+2+3+4+5)

**Where: ni represents the number of responses for each scale

The classifications for the rating scale are: 0.00 Relative Index <0.20 (not important or strongly disagree)

0.20 Relative Index <0.40 (less important or disagree)

0.40 Relative Index <0.6 (neutral or moderate) 0.60 Relative Index <0.80 (important or agree) 0.80 Relative Index 1.00 (very important or strongly agree).

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

Section A: Demographic Profile of Respondents
Safety and POSITION IN COMPANY Health Officer (SHO) Project 9% Executive 9% Project Manager 28% Site Supervisor 13% 6-10 years WORKING EXPERIENCE >15 years 4

10 No. of Respondents

2-5 years

12

Deputy of Project Manager 6%

Site Engineer 34%

< 2 years 0 5

6 10 15

Finding 1: Best Practices of Housekeeping on Construction Site

In the context of ISO 14001, housekeeping is taken to mean the visual appearance of the site. Procedures should focus on defining for movable items for equipment, where tools should be stored, location for discarded items and waste (Whitelaw K, 2004).

Best practices refer to provide a place of employment that is free from recognized hazards that cause or are likely to cause death and serious physical harm to employees or the public. Implement construction site good housekeeping practices to prevent polluiton associated with solid, liquid and hazardous construction related materials and wastes (Urban Drainage and Flood Control District, 2010).

Five (5) type of main best practices of housekeeping were identified through the literature review: 1. Environment Management System The work will be carried out in such a way as to limit, as far as
reasonably practicable the adverse environmental impact of the construction activities.

2. Site operations: Working hours, site layout and site apprearance The site core hours will be Monday
to Friday 0700 -1800 and Saturday 0700-1400. In planning the construction site layout the contractor will ensure that a good housekeeping is applied at all times. Works areas are kept uncluttered and are cleaned upon completion of operations or at the end of each workday.

3. Public Access and transport management Options for reducing the quantities of construction materials and
waste requiring transfer by public roads will be considered so far as reasonably practicable.

4. Waste Management and Recycling Excavated materials, demolition and construction waste generated at
worksites will be managed to minimise the generation of waste. The minimisation, re-use and recycling of waste generated during site enabling work will be managed for the construction site.

5. Protection Surface and Ground Water Resources Suitable spill response procedures will be produced by
each Principle Contractor for the work bring undertaken with spill kits provided and positions in vulnerable areas. Briefings and toolbox talks on the procedures will be given to site personnel to raise awarness.

Finding 2: To assess current state of housekeeping based on best practices principle NEXT

1 Environment Management System 0.84 0.83 0.83 5 Protection 0.82 0.81 of Surface 0.82 0.81 and Ground 0.81 Water 0.80 0.81 0.80 Resources 0.81 4 Waste 0.83 Management and Recycling

2 Site Operations: Working 0.82 Hours, Layout and Site Apprearance 3 Public Access and Transport Management

Finding 3: To identify factors and effects of housekeeping on construction site

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1 Safety and Health Policy

0.89 0.88 0.88 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.81 0.8 0.79

1 Environment
0.90 0.88 0.85 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.72

6 Environment
0.82

0.87 2 Safety

Procedures

5 sanitary facilities
0.89

0.84

2 Slips and tripping

5 Commitment and Attitude

0.84

0.88

3 Tools
0.86

0.79

4 Training

4 Debris and waste management

0.83

3 Delivery of construction material and storage

Radar Plot for Factors Housekeeping on Construction Site

Effects of Housekeeping on Construction Site

Finding 4: To develop housekeeping checklist that could be practiced at construction sites

General Housekeeping Slipping, tripping and falling Amenities
0.87
0.84 0.90 0.88 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.84 0.89

Site Office Access Area

0.82

Waste

0.85

0.80 0.78 0.76

0.86

Floor

Waste Management

0.85

0.82

Floor Area

Awareness

0.85

0.85 0.82 0.84 0.88

Supply Arrangements
0.85

Shipping Materials (including after hours)

Storage Area

Tools

Materials

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CONCLUSION
The conclusion that can be drawn from this study are:
The best practices in housekeeping on construction site and been achieved by doing literature review. The result identified are environment management system, site operation including working hours, site layout and site appearance, public access and transport management, waste management and recycling and protection surface and ground water resources. The identification of best practices principle have made on literature review and site visit. The study show than the highest relative index the most practiced at construction sites was a waste management and recycling with score (RI=0.83). The main factors housekeeping on construction site was safety and health policy. While, main effect strongly agreed that sanitary facilities is higher effect of housekeeping on construction site. The checklist developed includes of access area, site office, general housekeeping storage area, aminities, floor, supply arrangements, materials, awareness, waste management, disposal waste, tools, delievery materials and slip, trip and falling. The checklist is as below:

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FINDING 2: Summary Result of Best Practices Housekeeping on Construction Site

CHECKLIST
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