The Anatomy of the Heart

Gareth Yeung

Large conical shaped muscular organ Size depends on size of person Usually size of clenched fist 250g = Women 300g = Men Located within the chest

Martini, F., Nath, J. (2011) Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (9th Edition). 9 Edition. Benjamin Cummings

Martini, F., Nath, J. (2011) Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (9th Edition). 9 Edition. Benjamin Cummings

Outer layer Parietal Layer Inner Layer Visceral Layer Cavity Pericardial Cavity Serous Fluid provides lubrication for the two layers

Martini, F., Nath, J. (2011) Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (9th Edition). 9 Edition. Benjamin Cummings. Tortora, G., Derrickson, B. (2011) Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (Tortora, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology). 13 Edition. Wiley.

Divided into three layers

The Epicardium (external layer) The Myocardium (middle layer) The Endocardium (inner layer)

Here is where the coronary arteries lie before entering the myocardium Contains a lot of fat for protection

Cells arranged in circular bundles that link all the chambers together This affects the way the heart contracts

Martini, F., Nath, J. (2011) Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (9th Edition). 9 Edition. Benjamin Cummings

Lies inside the heart Thin sheet of endothelium on top of connective tissue Lines the heart chambers and blood vessels entering and leaving the heart.

Tortora, G., Derrickson, B. (2011) Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (Tortora, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology). 13 Edition. Wiley.

Four chambers in the Heart Two Atria Pump blood into Ventricles Two Ventricles Pump blood out of the Heart.

Feeds right ventricle Fed by 3 main vessels:

Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava Coronary Sulcus

Contains de-oxygenated blood ~ 75% saturation Sino-atrial Node & Atrioventricular Node Contains depression called Fossa Ovalis Pressure = 4 mmHG

Martini, F., Nath, J. (2011) Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (9th Edition). 9 Edition. Benjamin Cummings

Feeds left ventricle Fed by 4 blood vessels: Two from left Two from right Smaller than right atrium Contains oxygenated blood ~ 97-99% saturation Pressure = ~ 8 mmHG

Crescent shaped Fed by the RA through the Tricuspid Valve Pumps blood into pulmonary system through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary artery Unique band of muscle Moderator band Pressure:

Peak Systole = 1530 mmHG End Diastole = 38 mmHG

James Publishing, (2010), Cross-section of the ventricles of the heart, which are important to blood movement [ONLINE]. Available at: http://www.jamesdisabilitylaw.com/images/Cross_Section_Ventricles.gif [Accessed 15 April 12].

Conical shaped Fed by the LA through the Mitrial Valve Pumps blood into circulatory system through the aortic valve and aorta Much thicker muscle mass Pressure:
Peak Systole = 90140 mmHG End Diastole = 512 mmHG

Chordae Tendineae attached to free edge of cusp Papillary muscles anchor tendons to the heart Tendons and muscle help prevent inversion of cusps

Tortora, G., Derrickson, B. (2011) Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (Tortora, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology). 13 Edition. Wiley.

Three layers:

Tunica Intima (Inner) Tunica Media (Middle) Tunica Externa (Outer)

Carries blood away from heart = artery PA is only artery to carry de-oxygenated blood Carries blood to lungs Aorta transports blood to body cells Two coronary arteries branch off here

James Publishing, (2010), Cross-section of the ventricles of the heart, which are important to blood movement [ONLINE]. Available at: http://www.jamesdisabilitylaw.com/images/Cross_Section_ Ventricles.gif [Accessed 15 April 12]. Klabunde, R. (2011) Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts. Second Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Martini, F., Nath, J. (2011) Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (9th Edition). 9 Edition. Benjamin Cummings. Tortora, G., Derrickson, B. (2011) Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (Tortora, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology). 13 Edition. Wiley.