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Metabolic Syndrome
Ryland Bradley University of the Free State Appalachian State University
Definition
Metabolic Syndrome is a group of factors, that when combined, increases the risks for developing
Also referred to as: metabolic syndrome X, cardiometabolic syndrome, syndrome X, insulin resistant syndrome, Reavens syndrome, and CHAOS
Dyslipidaemia 100 M
Pre-Diabetes 57 M
Diagnosis
Multiple sets for identifying criteria of Metabolic Syndrome but the risk factors discussed in all are
A large waistline Dyslipidemia: high triglycerides (TG) and low HDL cholesterol High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) High Blood High Fasting Blood Glucose High Sugar Sugar Disease
Main Features
Central Obesity
A large waistline Normal (cm) Female 87.5 Male 100 Metabolic (cm) Female >87.5 Male >100
Hypertension
Blood Pressure increases in the arteries heart works harder to circulate blood through vessels
High Blood Pressure Systolic BP (mmHg) Normal Prehypertension Hypertension (Stage 1 & 2) Metabolic <120 120-139 140-159 160 130 or or Diastolic (mmHg) and <80 80-89 90-99 85 100
Cholesterol
Low saturated fats (animal products) Low trans fats, especially from partially hydrogenated oils (sweets, processed foods) High fiber & nutrients (fruits, vegetables)
Female
1.50
Male
1.50
Female
1.30
Male
1.00
Hypertriglyceridemia
Insulin
Normal/Healthy Insulin Response
Insulin Resistance
The cell does not recognize the insulin and does not take up glucose. Glucose is not stored or used as fuel. Blood glucose levels are increased.
Risk Factors
Stress
Overweight & Obesity Sedentary Lifestyle
Aging
Diabetes Mellitus Coronary Heart Disease Rheumatic Diseases
Low Income
Butter
Chocolate
Organ meats (kidney & liver) Sweets Cheese
Simba Chips
AVOID ALCOHOL
Low Income
Chicken
Margarine
Rolled Oats/Porridge Lean Protein (Soy, Beans, FISH)
Lean Protein (Soy, Ostrich, Beans, FISH) Calorie free cool drinks Liquid oils instead of butter nuts
Non-fat milk
Vegetables (esp. carrots, spinach, green beans, broccoli) Fruits
Assessment: Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome from a doctor. (blood tests, lifestyle questions) Aspirin: Helps to prevent heart attacks, strokes, and blood clots
Blood Pressure Control: High BP can be reduced through weight loss, a good diet, and regular exercise
Cholesterol Management: Can be controlled through diet and lifestyle changes (possibly medication if necessary)
Diabetes Prevention: Type 2 diabetes can be controlled through dietary changes and medication. Diet: Avoid refined sugar, white flour, white rice, potatoes, empty calorie foods, and processed foods. Eat more greens, vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fat-free dairy products, and lean proteins. Eat a meal or snack every 3 hours, stop eating 2 hours before bed, eat carbohydrates in the morning, drink lots of water.
Exercise: resistance training and cardiovascular exercise is recommended for improved fitness and weight loss
References
Cholesterol, Chai. "Lower Cholesterol." Cholesterol Is. 2012. Web. <http://www.cholesterol-is.com/category/lowercholesterol-2/>. "How Do You Treat Metabolic Syndrome?" WebMD. WebMD. Web. <http://www.webmd.com/heart/metabolicsyndrome/how-do-you-treat-metabolic-syndrome>. "Metabolic Syndrome." American Heart Association. American Heart Association, 2012. Web. <http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/MetabolicSyndrome/MetabolicSyndrome_UCM_002080_SubHomePage.jsp>. "Metabolic Syndrome Treatment." The Metabolic Syndrome Handbook. Web. <http://www.metabolic-syndromehandbook.com/content/metabolic-syndrome-treatment>. "Nursing Care Plan - Hypertension." Nursing Crib. 23 Oct. 2008. Web. <http://nursingcrib.com/nursing-careplan/nursing-care-plan-hypertension/>. Taeye, B., L. Smith, and D. Vaughan. "Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1: A Common Denominator in Obesity, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease." Current Opinion in Pharmacology 5.2 (2005): 149-54. Print.
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