1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

PREVINA VISWANATHAN GAYATHRI SUBURAMU KOMALA MAHENDRAN RUPINDERJIT KAUR TUAN MUHAMMAD FARIS JASON DERICK VICTOR

WILL PRESENT ABOUT:

This presentation will address:

Brief history of Scuba How a regulator works Air laws in effect

History of Scuba
1878- Henry Fleuss invents a self contained underwater breathing unit. 1925- Yves Le Prieur releases a more advanced breathing unit. 1943 - Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Emile Gagnan design and test the first Aqua-Lung. 1956 - First wetsuit was introduced by University of California. Ted Nixon introduces the red and white Divers Down flag.

Underwater breathing
Regular breathing makes use of differences in air pressure The water above a diver increases the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, Air must be pressurized to be able to breathe at a pressure of more than one Atmosphere (air pressure at sea level). (This is also why you have to pop your ears as you descend.)

First Stage
The part of the regulator that attaches to the tank and reduces the pressure of the air in the tank to an intermediate pressure.

Second Stage
The part of the regulator at the end of the hose that includes the mouthpiece. The second stage reduces the pressure in the hose to a breathable pressure.

Boyles Law
The first gas law divers learn about is Boyles Law. In the late 1600s, Sir Robert Boyle wanted to fine out how a given gas will behave under pressure. He discovered that if the temperature remains constant, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the absolute pressure or when the pressure is increased on a certain amount of gas, the volume will decrease. Divers apply Boyles Law when they equalize their ears while descending, adjusting their buoyancy while diving and by remembering to never hold their breath when breathing compressed air while diving.

Charless Law
Charles found out if a gas is compressed, its volume will decrease and it will get hotter. When a compressed gas is heated, and it cannot expand, the pressure rises. Divers apply Charles Law when they do not leave full scuba tanks in direct sunlight, especially in the trunk of a car.

Daltons Law
The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of each of the gases making up the mixture, with each gas acting if it alone was present and occupied the whole volume.

Henrys Law
Henrys Law demonstrates that a gas can be contained within a liquid and remain there until certain conditions (like pressure) change. A good example of this is when a can or bottle of carbonated soda is shaken and then opened quickly. The fizzy spray is the carbonated gas forming bubbles when the pressure changes quickly.

Martinis Law
Nitrogen absorbed under pressure has a narcotic effect. (A diver can get narked at any depth, for no reliable reason, and it differs every dive. Past 100 everyone is narked.)

Berts Law
Pressure can be reduced by 1/2 or less without a gas coming out of a solution.
Eg: This is like carbonation in a coke can.

Archimedes Principle of Buoyancy

An object is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the liquid it displaces

Bibliography
http://www.divinghistory.com/timeline.htm http://www.newdiver.com/gear/divespeak.shtml http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/scuba1.htm www.cousteausociety.org/ tcs_people.html www.divingheritage.com/ dragerkern.htm

T H A N K
Y O U