Electromyography & Its Application In Orthodontics

Presented by Dr. Prasad Gayake Guided by Dr. S. S. Chitko Dr. N.D. Gulve

Electromyography Definition

It indicates ?
Electromyogram

Muscle Skeletal muscle 2. cardiac muscle 3. smooth muscle

1.

Structure of skeletal muscle

Muscle fibre Epimysium

Perimysium
Endomysium Myofibril

Resting membrane potential

What is it ? -85 to -90 mV

Ionic basis - Na-K

pump selective permeability of ions

Neuro-muscular junction
Structure Function

Action potential
Depolarisation

Repolarisation

Motor unit
Structural basis of

electromyography Each motor neuron supplies group of muscle fibres

Motor unit potential- 5-8 mili seconds & amplitude of 0.5 mV - Biphasic - Shows sharp spike on cathode ray oscilloscope

Electromyographic technique
Cathode ray

oscilloscope
Two types of

electrodes 1.Surface electrode Advantages Disadvantages

2.Needle electrode
-Advantages -Disadvantages

1.

2.
3. 4. 5. 6.

Select the muscle Select the electrode Clean the surface of the muscle Instruct the patient how to contract & relax Electrolyte paste for surface electrode For needle electrode insert the needle quickly to minimise the pain

7.Look for insertional activity, spontaneous activity 8.Number of areas sampled for needle electrode 9.Reference electrode placement 10.Ask the patient to contract the muscle 11.Action potential is recorded with the help of moving pen in the form graph

Results
At rest , muscle

electrically inactive Except NMJ Contraction action potential produced electric potential of whole muscle ----force of contraction full contraction disorderly group of action potentials of varying rates & amplitudes

Applications
Electromyographi c activity in cl-II div 1 patients
Hyperactive mentalis
Hyperactive

buccinator

Electromyographic activity in cl-III patients

Decreased activity of

masseter & temporalis Increased activity after treatment ( Deguchi & Iwahara )

Electromyographic activity during swallowing

Normal swallowing

Abnormal swallowing
Tongue thrust

swallowing

Decreased electromyographi c activity of masseter during mouth breathing-

Electromyographic activity in thumb sucking patients

Hyperactive mentalis Hyperactive buccinator

Lip incompetence -

After orthodontic therapy Electromyographic activity in deep bite

patients- Increased temporalis activity

Postural rest position
Bruxism patients

Thank you