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Meaning specifically potters clay Describes a whole body of wares that are made of clay, mixed with water and hardened by fire Biscuit: malleable form of ceramics
TYPE
Main Ingredients
Additional Ingredients
Temperature
(none)
200 2300 F
Sand
2300 F and up
1st: 2760 F 2nd: 2475 F Between 2390 2570 F Below 2300 F
Clay, Kaolin, Heat, Water Bone Ash Clay, Kaolin, Heat, Water Clay, Kaolin, Heat, Water Decayed Granite Decayed Granite
TYPE
Earthenware
Characteristics/Properties
porous, opaque, matte in finish, maybe painted, varnished, most brittle
vitrified, impermeable to water, matte, can be glazed or unglazed, least brittle, microwave safe translucent, very delicate and fragile, has the capacity to shine, reflective surface Clear white but may absorb color, translucent, extremely hard, translucent, smooth, capacity to shine
Stoneware
China
Porcelain
Graffito Incised Pierced Relief/Embossed Stamped Stenciled Painted Over Glaze: Fired first before painting Under Glaze: Painted first before firing
Primitive Ceramics
Usually plain but eventually included the zigzag and chevron patterns
Egyptian Ceramics
Earthenware Aside from containers, used for rituals of burials Employed the same art and decoration; hieroglyphics, meander bands and the like
Greek Ceramics
Earthenware Storage of grain and water Golden age of ceramics and pottery Produced the widest variety of types and subtypes
Drinking cups Bowls for mixing wine and water Wine jugs Water jugs Oil flasks Storage jars Wine or water container
Italian Ceramics
Capo di Monte
Capo di Monte
Dutch Ceramics
Blue colored patterns and landscapes on a white background Jars Pots Flat tiles DELFT
Delft
Delft
Delft
French Ceramics
Spearheaded by Bernard Palissy Ornamental tiles ROUEN Pierre Chicanou developed soft paste porcelain in St. Cloud ST. CLOUD China ware using floral forms CAMPAGNIE DES INDES By the Rococo period, Madame Pompadour encouraged the whole porcelain industry and produced soft paste porcelain SEVRES Hard paste porcelain LIMOGE Most decorated porcelains VIEUX PARIS
Rouen
St. Cloud
Sevres
Limoge
Vieux Paris
German Ceramics
Stoneware 18th C : MEISSEN factory was started by Ehrefreid Walther Von Tschirnhausen and Johann Friedrich Botger Cross swords mark
Meissen
Meissen
Meissen
Spanish Ceramics
Also called Hispano Mauresque Arabesques, stylized animal forms Sheen and iridescence
Luster Earthenware
Tin glazed and enameled Floor and wall tiles glazed Flowers Abstract motifs Fusion of Renaissance and Moorish motifs
Majolica
Majolica
Majolica
Majolica
Azulejos
Azulejos
Azulejos
English Ceramics
Earthenware Coated with a slip (deep orange colored mixture of clay and water) then another yellowish white slip, then a colored glaze Patterns are usually scratched on the surface to expose underlying color
Slip Ware
Slip Ware
Milk white with a cool glittering glaze Extremely hard and durable
Bristol Ware
Bow Ware
Soft Paste Porcelain 1st in England Creamy white and satin in texture
Chelsea Ware
Derby Ware
Lowestoft
Employed the transfer printing process by Robert Hancock A method of transferring a design to paper from an engraved copper plate coated with pigment and from the paper to the pottery which is then fired and overglazed John Saddler, 1754
Worcester
Worcester
Worcester
Earthenware Quality, variety and color of clay Provincial in character, shape, ornamentation and coloring
Wares with a cream body and then dabbed on color with a sponge
Jasperware
Queens Ware
Basalt Ware
Agate Ware
American Ceramics
Pennsylvania: Graffito Ware Bennington, Vermont: Terracotta and Stoneware John Norton Jersey City, New Jersey: Porcelain
Graffito Ware
Chinese Ceramics
Utilitarian pottery
Chou Dynasty
Han Dynasty
Han Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
More naturalistic forms Underglazed blue and white wares Heavy bodies Non-translucent
Blanc De Chine:
Originated in Fukien, Soft, creamy white glazes on porcelain Delicate in scale and modeling Dragons, animals and figures