Data & Statistics

Data Element Variable

Types of Variable:
Qualitative
Nominal Numerical & Non Numerical Ordinal Numerical & Non Numerical

Quantitative Data Type

Ratio Scale Measurement Interval Scale Measurement

Discrete & Continuous

Data: - Data are Fact and figure that are collected, analyzed & summarized for Presentation & Interpretation: Example: Collection of data from stock market for interpretation of stock trend in reference of market

Element: Element are the entities under which any data is collected
Variable: Variable are the things that we can measure, control & manipulate. Variable has two defining characteristics:

 Variable is an attribute that describes a person, place, things & idea.

Value of Variable can vary from one entity to another.

Variable can be broadly classified into three different category: Categorical & Quantitative Variable Discrete & Continuous Variable Univariate & Bivariate Variable

Categorical & Quantitative Variable

Categorical:
Data that can be placed into distinct partition or categories according to some defining characteristic or attribute: Example: Hair Color: Blond, Black, Gray State: UP, Bihar, AP, Delhi Astral Sign: Virgo, Libra, Scorpio Area Code: 301, 302, 303, 304, 305 Vegetable: Carrot, Tomatoes & Patatose

Quantitative Data
Data are numerical in nature It can be ordered Can be use in meaning Computation Example: Amount of water pass from the dam in an hour Actual weight of one pound Candy How many minute you have lived

Types of Qualitative Data

Qualitative data can be classified in two category: Nominal Data Type Ordinal Data Type Nominal Type: Classifies data into mutually exclusive, exhaustive categories in which no ranking can be impose. It may be either numerical or non numerical

1. The number value indicate category of a data element 2. Meaningful arithmetic cannot be performed upon data Example of Nominal Data type: Area Code used with Telephone Delhi: 011, Bareilly: 0581, Hyderabad: 040 Course Number

801 -240 Minute; 804 220 Minute

Qualitative Nominal Non Numerical Data Type:

Description of data indicate the category of an element: Example: 1. Political Party: Congress, BJP, BSP, SP 2. Marital Status: Married, Single, Widowed 3. College Courses: Math, English & Hindi

Qualitative Ordinal Data Type:

Quality of data type: 1. Classifies data into category that can be ranked 2. Provide information about relative comparisons 3. Has no precise difference between rank 4. May be either numerical or non numerical

Qualitative Ordinal Numeric Data:

The value permits ranking or ordering of data by the mean of number: Example: Grade in School: First, Second & Third

Rating: 1, 2, 3, 4 meaning from Bad to Good

Award in Contest: First place, Second place & Third place

Qualitative Ordinal Non-Numerical Data:

The data description permit ranking or ordering of data: Example:

Grade in Exam: A, B, C, D
Size of Automobile: Compact, Full Size, Limousine, etc. Household Income: Low, Middle & High

Quantitative Data Type: Its numerical in Nature. It can be further divided into two category: Interval

Ratio

Quantitative Interval Data: Chartistices of Interval Data Type: 1. Its can be ranked 2. Has precise difference between unit of measure 3. Define value in such a way that interval of data type has significant value

Example:
Measurement of time The scores received on Test (SAT, MAT, GRE)

Quantitative Ratio Data: Ratio of data variable is meaningful True ratio exist when the same information collect from two or more sources Example: Physical Measurement: Height, Length & Weight Money & Monetary Value Frequency etc..

Discrete & Continuous Variable:

Quality of Data type: 1. Applied only to Numeric data 2. Is finite in value 3. Is countable 4. Has exact value

Example:
The Number of Eggs from a chicken The amount of money currently Number of point scored through Football team

Continuous Data Type:

1. Has finite number of choices 2. Cant be counted 3. Has no space over a range of value 4. Cant be exactly measure
Example: Height of football players The current temperature outside

Summary:
Data can be singular & Plural Can be either Quantitative & Qualitative Qualitative data can be Nominal, Ordinal and Interval or Ratio can also be based on condition followed by Qualitative data Quantitative Data can be either discrete or continuous