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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
AIM The aim of this presentation is to acquaint you all with the hypersonic technology, its modernization, the difficulties and challenges scientists are facing developing this technology and its future prospects

AIM

HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
SEQUENCE Part 1: Definition and Significance Part 2: Historical Perspective Part 3: High Speed Air Breathing Engines Part 4: Features of Hypersonic Flow Part 5: Advancement in Hypersonic Lifting Bodies and Wave-Riders Concept Part 6: Applications Part 7: Challenges Part 8: Conclusion

PART 1 DEFINATION AND SIGNIFICANCE

HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
DEFINITION AND SIGNFICANCE

Definition: Aircraft capable of flying at speeds greater than five times the speed of sound.

Part 1:

Definition and Significance

HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
DEFINITION AND SIGNFICANCE

Significance: Flight at hypersonic speeds is required to efficiently reach space and return from it

Part 1:

Definition and Significance

PART 2 HISTORICAL PRESPECTIVE

HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
HISTORICAL PRESPECTIVE In 1933, German rocket expert Eugene Sanger published his concept for an antipodal bomber In February, 1949, the U.S. Army launched the V2 WAC Corporal rocket

Part 2: Historical Perspective

HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
HISTORICAL PRESPECTIVE

On April 12,1961, Soviet flight Major Yuri Gagarin returned to Earth

Part 2: Historical Perspective

HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
HISTORICAL PRESPECTIVE X-15 Program: X-15 flight tests
revealed a number of interesting facts about hypersonic flights The third X-15 was lost

Part 2: Historical Perspective

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PART 3 HIGH SPEED AIRBREATHING ENGINES

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
HIGH SPEED AIR-BREATHING ENGINES

Scramjet Engines: The scramjet uses a slightly modified Brayton Cycle The scramjet is about 7
times more efficient than the rocket at Mach 7 The scramjet overcomes heat load limit using supersonic combustion
Part 3: High Speed Air-Breathing Engines

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
HIGH SPEED AIR-BREATHING ENGINES

Part 3: High Speed Air-Breathing Engines

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
HIGH SPEED AIR-BREATHING ENGINES Combination cycle engine:

The dual-mode scramjet can operate over the ramjet and scramjet speed range, from about Mach 3 to at least Mach 15. The resulting engine is called a rocket-based combined cycle engine.
Part 3: High Speed Air-Breathing Engines

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
HIGH SPEED AIR-BREATHING ENGINES

Part 3: High Speed Air-Breathing Engines

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PART 4 FEATURES OF HYPERSONIC FLOW

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
FEATURES OF HYPERSONIC AIRFLOW The air flowing around a vehicle moving at hypersonic speeds has several interesting features Sheer difficulty of conducting flow experiments under hypersonic conditions

Part 4:Features of Hypersonic Airflow

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
FEATURES OF HYPERSONIC AIRFLOW

Part 4: Features of Hypersonic Airflow

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PART 5 ADVANCEMENT IN HYPERSONIC LIFTING BODIES AND WAVE-RIDER CONCEPT

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
ADVANCEMENT IN HYPERSONIC LIFTING BODIES AND WAVE-RIDER CONCEPT

The USAF and NASA have studied hypersonic lifting bodies for almost 50 years now
The X-20 Dyna-Soar The X-23 lifting body X-24A and X-24B NASA/Boeing X-37 Boeing X-40
Part 5: Advancement in Hypersonic Lifting Bodies and Wave-Rider Concept

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
ADVANCEMENT IN HYPERSONIC LIFTING BODIES AND WAVE-RIDER CONCEPT
X-38 in 1990s The NASA/Lockheed Martin X-33 reusable launch vehicle. A smaller predecessor of the Lockheed Venture Star The Buran (Snowstorm) Soviet space shuttle

Part 5: Advancement in Hypersonic Lifting Bodies and Wave-Rider Concept

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
ADVANCEMENT IN HYPERSONIC LIFTING BODIES AND WAVE-RIDER CONCEPT
Wave-Rider Concept: Aircraft configurations optimized for aerodynamic flight at hypersonic speeds are generally thin and flat Wave rider configurations generally exhibit rudders and elevator-aileron combinations (elevons) as primary control surfaces
Part 5: Advancement in Hypersonic Lifting Bodies and Wave-Rider Concept

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PART 6 APPLICATIONS

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
APPLICATIONS Numerous studies performed over past 50 years show potential benefits of higher speed flight systems Hypersonic aircraft do not offer much promise to weary airline passengers in the near future

Part 6: Applications

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
APPLICATIONS Military Applications: Military benefits of hypersonic vehicles are versatility, response time, survivability, and un fueled range

Part 6: Applications

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
APPLICATIONS

Space Launch
Application: Benefits of airbreathing launch systems are improved safety, mission flexibility, vehicle design robustness and reduced operating costs
Part 6: Applications

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PART 7 CHALLENGES

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
CHALLENGES AND SUMMARY Challenges were faced in development and applications of scramjet engines
Airframe Integrated Scramjet Design Challenges: The most significant challenges facing design and development of a hypersonic vehicle are propulsion.
Part 7: Challenges

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
CHALLENGES AND SUMMARY Design methods: Systems studies to identify potential vehicle configurations Design Optimization: Due to the relatively small excess thrust generated by a scramjet, some method is needed to improve performance and to define operability limits.
Part 7: Challenges

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
CHALLENGES AND SUMMARY Experimental Facilities , Measurements and Test Methodology: Scramjet engine and hypersonic vehicle development requires an integral design and systems engineering approach.

Part 7: Challenges

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
CHALLENGES AND SUMMARY Flight Testing: Flight testing remains an important element in hypersonic propulsion and vehicle development

Part 7: Challenges

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PART 8
CONCLUSION

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HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS
CONCLUSION Technology advances within the USA and around the world prove that efficient hypersonic flight is possible The greatest benefit to mankind will be in space access applications
Part 8: Summary and Conclusion

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Now the general who wins a battle makes many calculations in his temple where the battle is fought. The general who loses a battle makes but few calculations beforehand. Thus do many calculations lead to victory, and few calculations to defeat: how much more no calculation at all! It is by attention to this point that I can foresee who is likely to win or lose.

SUN

TZU

ART

OF

WAR

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Question & Answer

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THANK YOU