Apakah yang menarik di angkasa

Abdul Halim Abdul Aziz Unit Penyelidikan Ilmu Falak dan Sains Atmosfera Universiti Sains Malaysia

Science? What Science?

The word science comes from the Latin word scientia for knowledge, which in turn comes from scio - I know. Science or scientia meant any systematic or exact recorded knowledge. In a more restricted sense, science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge based on the scientific method The scientific method has four steps
Observation and description of a phenomenon or group of phenomena. Formulation of an hypothesis to explain the phenomena. In physics, the hypothesis often takes the form of a causal mechanism or a mathematical relation. Use of the hypothesis to predict the existence of other phenomena, or to predict quantitatively the results of new observations. Performance of experimental tests of the predictions by several independent experimenters and properly performed experiments.

Scientists never claim absolute knowledge. Unlike a mathematical proof, a proven scientific theory is always open to falsification, if new evidence is presented.
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Astronomy : Scale and Distance

Can be measured in ly (light-year) Other units are also used are parsec, doppler shift (z) I ly is distance travelled by light in vacuum in one year Speed of light is approximately 300,000 km per second 1 ly is ~10,000,000,000,000 km or close to 10 trillion km taking 1 s for each count, it takes 300,000 years to count 10 trillion 1 pc is 3.261630751 ly
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99.85% of the Solar System mass is in the Sun

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Distance Scale
Light from the Sun takes ~8 min to reach the Earth Light from Pluto take almost 5 jam to reach the Earth Light from the nearest star, Proxima Centauri, takes 4.26 tahun to reach the Earth Light is a type of electromagnetic wave that carries information from distant objects to us In a sense, as astronomers observe the universe, he is looking into the past In contrast, astrologers try to look into the future by looking into the universe

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Bintang-bintang
~6000 can be seen with the naked eye 3000 in one night There are much more stars than our naked eyes can detect Stars are not static, they also move systematically Slightly more than 50% have companions

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Constellation Orion

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Structure of the Universe

The solar system is located in a large group of stars called the Milky Way (Bima Sakti) The Milky Way consists ~100 billion star In a spiral, disk-like formation

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Structure of the Universe

The Milky Way has a diameter of ~100,000 ly The Solar System is on one of the spiral arms ~33,000 ly from its centre Orbiting at 250 km per second Another famous galaxy is Andromeda atau M31

M100

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Structure of the Universe

Andromeda is the largest galaxy nearby the Milky Way ~2.2 milion ly from Earth From end-to-end ~125,000 ly Furthest galaxy ~14 billion ly Besides spiral-shaped, galaxies are also seen as ellipse or irregular

Andromeda

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Far Galaxies
Galactic cluster CL1358+62, 64 x 64, 5 billion ly Gravitational lensing brought a far galaxy forward -> the red crescent Using doppler shift, ~13 bilion ly away 7% the age of the universe
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How many galaxies

Estimated ~100 billion galaxies in the universe There are 2 million galaxies (<21.5 mag) in this picture (100o x 50o atau ~1/10 of the sky)
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The Sun
Towards its end will become a red giant Its size reach the orbit of Mars After that it will cease burning and turn into a white dwarf End of thermonuclear process cease to be a star Estimated life-span of the Sun is10 billion years 4.5 billion years have past

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Usia dan Kesudahan Alam Semesta

Alam semesta disangka bermula dari satu Big Bang Usia alam semesta dianggarkan sudah ~15 bilion tahun. Alam semesta sedang mengembang Adakah ia akan terus mengembang? Atau ia akan mengecut sebagai satu Big Crunch?

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