LOGICAL THINKING STRUCTURE

THE LOGICAL WAY ON HOW THE MIND OPERATES

THE PROCESS
MENTAL OPERATION MENTAL PRODUCT EXTERNAL SIGN
Simple Apprehension

Concept

Term

Judgment

Doctrine/Theory

Proposition

Reasoning
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Argument

Syllogism
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HOW IT WORKS
1. Each mental operation gives individual production and external sign. 2. Simple apprehension, the product is known as a concept and is externalized through a term. 3. Judgment has doctrine or theory and is externalized through a proposition. 4. Reasoning and argument is produced and is externalized through a syllogism.
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SIMPLE APPREHENSION
The mental act which evolves a concept is simple apprehension. It is defined as the mental process by which we grasp the general meaning of a thing without affirming or denying anything about it.

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HOW THE MIND GRASPS A CONCEPT?

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A. FIRST CLASSIFICATION
1. First Intention is a concept by which we know a thing independent of our mind. Example: Man is a rational being. It is a reality that exists as part of the nature of man. 2. Second Intention is a concept by which we conceive a thing in reality in so far as the mind knows or understand it. Example: Japan is the land of the rising sun.

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B. SECOND CLASSIFICATION
1. Concrete is a concept which creates a form and a subject in the mind. Example: Intelligent student, black dress, loyal servant. 2. Abstract is a concept endowed with form only. Example: Intelligence, blackness, loyalty.
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C. THIRD CLASSIFICATION
1. Absolute is a concept that manifest itself to the mind as a substance and as independent reality. Example: Man, people, God, Society, Flower, Table, Chair, Student. 2. Connotative is a concept that manifest itself to the mind as an accident connected to a substance. Example; Kind person, beautiful dress, etc. Some nouns like communicator, debater, orator are also connotative concepts.
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D. FOURTH CLASSIFICATION
1. Positive is a concept that manifests an object to the mind according to what it is or what it is made of. Example: The ball is round. 2. Negative is a concept that manifests an object to the mind according to what it is not or what it is not made of. Example: Man is not brute.
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Identify the statements below according to their intentions (first intention or second intention): 1. Man is a mortal being. 2. Paris is the city of lights. 3. New York is a city that never sleeps. 4. Animals are brute. 5. Rome is an eternal city.
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Identify the concepts according to its second classification (Concrete or Abstract): 1. good student 2. intelligence 3. obedience 4. honest employee 5. red car 6. darkness 7. loyalty 8. diligent student 9. diligence 10. white house

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Identify the concepts in the third classification (Absolute or Connotative):

1. fighter 2. mankind 3. eternity 4. orator 5. intelligence
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1. kind man 2. beautiful lady 3. highness 4. holiness 5. upright person

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Identify the concepts according to its fourth classification

(Positive or Negative):

1. The world is spherical. 2. Water is liquid. 3. Man is not immortal 4. Animals are not rational. 5. Human beings are rational.
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