*

By Reuben Caven

* Cardiac Muscle- The heart is an example of a

cardiac muscle as it is an involuntary muscle , also it has its own regulatory systems. * Skeletal Muscle- The tricep is an example of a skeletal muscle as you can control your own contraction.(it is an voluntary muscle) * Smooth Muscle- The digestive system relates to smooth muscles, it is involuntary , plus it helps push food through the gastrointestinal tract.

Example : Kicking a Rugby ball , Preparation. Knee Flexion

* Agonist- The muscle that is in control in making the

movement at joints; the prime mover.(the bicep) Hamstring: Agonist * Antagonist-Relaxes and extends when the agonist muscle contracts.(the tricep) Quadriceps: Antagonist * Fixator-Muscles which steady the starting point of the agonist muscle. Gluteus Maximus: Fixator * Synergist- These aren't directly connected to either the agonist or antagonist, nevertheless it helps increase the effectiveness of the movement. Abdominals: Synergist

Example : Kicking a Rugby ball , Preparation

* Muscles are connected to bones by a thick but yet

tough layer called tendons. Plus the two connection sections are also known as the origin and the insertion. attached to the back of the tibia.(in my example)

* The insertion is the moving attachment, which is

attached to the pelvis.(in my example)

* The origin is the non-moving attachment , which is

* The origin of a muscle is the point at which

it attaches to a bone -This means that bone attached to the origin isn't a movable joint.( the end of the hamstring attached to pelvis when kicking a rugby ball) * The site of attachment, as of a muscle to the bone that it moves- This means that the bone which is connected to the insertion is a movable joint.(the beginning of the hamstring attached to the back of the tibia)

Example :The bicep Bicep Curls * Concentric- The action is , the muscle shortens when it contracts. This is also known as the agonist. E.g. When you lift the weight upwards in a bicep curl. * Eccentric- The process is that the muscle lengthens when It bonds, plus is acts like a constraint (brake). This type of contraction is usually the antagonist. E.g. The downwards action when on a bicep curl. * Isometric- this means that there is an increase in muscle tension. However the size of the muscle stays unchanged, this type of contraction takes place mainly in the fixator muscles. E.g. The deltoids are performing like a fixator in a bicep curl exercise.

Tendon = Joins muscle to bone. Epimysium= Fibrous elastic tissue surrounding the muscle. Perimysium= Connective tissue that surrounds a group of muscle fibers. Blood vessel= Carries blood through tissues and organs. Endomysium= Within the muscle there is a coating of connective tissue that ensheaths a muscle fiber. Fascicle= Is a group of muscle fibers, if you pull out one its surrounded by perimysium and if you pull out another one it is a muscle fiber surrounded by endomysium. Muscle Fiber= It is an cylindrical, multinucleate cell that is composed of many myofibrils which contracts when stimulated.