PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MANAGEMENT

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Principle and Practices of Management

CONTENTS

Management as an Art Management as a Science Management as a Profession Management versus Administration Levels of Management Characteristics of Quality Managers

Saturday, June 23, 2012

Principle and Practices of Management

Management As an ART

What is an Art?
i) Application of knowledge and skills ii) Personalized application of general theoretical principles iii) Art is an Inborn Talent however it can be refined through Learning And Practice.

Mary Parker Follet Defined Management is an ART of getting things done

through others

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Principle and Practices of Management

How Management is Art?

Practical knowledge Personal skills Creativity Perfection Through Practice Goal Oriented

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Principle and Practices of Management

Management As a Science

What is Science?
Systematized body of knowledge

F.W. Taylor father of SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

the first person to consider management as a science

was

Sciences can be broadly Classified into categories namely:i) Physical Sciences ii) Social Sciences

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Principle and Practices of Management

Contd

Physical Sciences are Exact

and Accurate while Social Sciences are not exact or accurate as they deals with Human Beings Management can be considered as a Social science
because it deals with humans. Since human nature cannot be predicted with accuracy, the decisions taken in management may just be one way of doing things in a given situation and

not the only way of doing things

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Principle and Practices of Management

How Management is a Science?

Universally Accepted principles

Principle of unity of command

Cause and Effect Relationship

Principles of science lay down cause-effect relationship same as in management. Eg. Lack of balance between authority and responsibility will lead to ineffectiveness Thus we can say Management is both an art as well as science. Its a science as it has organized body of knowledge. Its an art because it requires certain skills which are personal.

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Principle and Practices of Management

Management As a Profession
Any Occupation to be considered as a profession needs to fulfill :There must exist a body of principles, skills & techniques and specialized knowledge. There must be formal methods of acquiring training & experience. An organization should be established which forms ethical codes for the guidance & conduct of members. If the above standards are considered, then management cannot really be called a profession. There are no licenses for managers, nor is there an accepted code of ethics, but there are tendencies towards professionalization and these will undoubtedly increase

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Principle and Practices of Management

Management Vs. Administration

Administration means overall determination of policies, setting up of major objectives, the identification of general purposes and laying down of broad programs and projects. Management it is the coordination of various functions i.e. Planning, Organizing, Directing, Staffing and Controlling. It helps in Efficient and Optimum utilisation of resources.

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Principle and Practices of Management

Differences on the basis of Functions

Basis Process Function Management Administration

Decides who to do Decides what to do & how to do and when to do Its an executing function Its a decision making function

Skills
Level
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Technical and human skills

Middle & lower level

Conceptual and human skills

Top Level
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Principle and Practices of Management

Differences on the basis of Usage

Basis Management Administration To non business concerns By public opinions, government policies, etc. Represents the owners of the organizations
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Applicabili To business concerns ty i.e. profit making Influence By values, opinions, beliefs & decisions of managers

Status

Employees of the organization who are paid remuneration

Principle and Practices of Management

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Levels Of Management

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Top Level Management

Mainly includes board of directors, chief Executives and owners This level determines the objectives of the business as a whole and lays down policies to achieve these objectives It exercises control over the organisation

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Middle Level

It includes heads of various departments eg. Production, sales, IT etc. The objectives as a whole are translated into departmental objectives for the middle level management The heads of the departments issues instructions to the subordinates so as to achieve objectives These are particularly concerned with the activities of their respective departments

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Lower Level

It consists of foreman and supervisors When the work is assigned to a worker these people see that the work is performed properly and at the right time. There function is supervisory in nature.

Thus these three levels indicates the ranks and position of managers in hierarchy. The number of people increases at each level as we move from top to bottom
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Characteristics Of Quality Manager

The manager must Plan The manager must organize The manager must control

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Manager must Plan

The Managers Job Is To:

PLAN: A manager cannot operate effectively unless he or she has long range plans.

A plan for each days work: What is to be done, and why do it? When is it to be done, and how will it be done? Who is to do the job? Where should it be done?
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Manager must Organize

The Managers Job Is To: Organize To carry out a plan. Then organization is needed. A team must be formed. Each job must be carefully defined in terms of what is to be done. Establish delegation of responsibility.
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The Manager Must Control

The Managers Job Is To: Control: Control means?

A method of checking up to find what has been done and what must be done. A manager must know how well employees are performing.
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CONCLUSIONS

Management is both an Art as well as a Science. Management is Yet to be developed as a Profession Management is an Executing Function while Administration is a Decision Making Function. Management has three levels i.e. Top, Middle and Lower Level ,these three levels indicates the ranks and position of managers in hierarchy. A quality manager must be able to Plan, Organize and Control.
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