Oral Communication

Presented to: Sir Ashar Aalam

Presented By: Syed Muhammad Ali Hasan

Concept Of Tenses

A category of verbal inflection that serves chiefly to specify the time of the action or state expressed by the verb.

Concept of Tenses
There are 12 of types of tenses which are as follows: Present Indefinite Tense Present Continuous Tense Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense Past Indefinite Tense Past Continuous Tense Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Concept of Tenses
Future Indefinite Tense Future Continuous Tense Future Perfect Tense Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Verb
A word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence, such as hear, become, happen.

Action Verb
Action verbs are verbs that describe actions and things taking place rather than states. Unlike most Stative verbs, an action verb can usually be used in the progressive aspect, which is used for actions that are in progress..

State Verb

Stative verbs differ from verbs of action not just in meaning but in formal structure and usage.

State Verb (Be)

The verb to be is the most irregular verb in the English language. It is normally a linking verb showing existence or the condition of the subject. It can also be used as an auxiliary verb when forming the passive voice. The forms of the verb to be in English are as follows:
Infinitive Present Past Present Participle Past Participle Present Subjunctive Past Subjunctive Imperative to be am, is, are was, were being been be were be

State Verb (To Have)

The Verb To Have one of the most common verbs in the English language. It functions in various ways.
Forms of To Have Present I / you / we / they he / she / it have has Past had had Continuous having having

Simple Present Tense

The Present Simple is the most basic tense in the English language. It is an interesting tense because it can be used to express the future. Generally, though, we use it to describe the present activities or to talk about routines or habits. Example: John lives in New York. We play football every day. You are really kind. The meeting starts at 3 PM.

Past Simple Tense

Past Simple to talk about actions that happened at a specific time in the past. The actions can be short or long. There can be a few actions happening one after another.
Examples:
I was sleepy. He didn't learn any Italian when he was in Italy two year ago. I went to the cinema, bought popcorn and watched a movie.

Auxiliary Verb

A verb (such as have, do, or will) that determines the mood, tense, or aspect of another verb in a verb phrase.

Auxiliary Verbs
There are 23 types of Auxiliary Verbs which are as follows is, am, are, was, were be, being, been has, have, had do, does, did will, shall, should, would can, could may, might, must

Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect aspect, used to express a past event that has present consequences. An example is "I have eaten" (so I'm not hungry). Depending on the specific language, the events described by present perfects are not necessarily completed, as in "I have been eating" or "I have lived here for five years."

Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect is a compound tense in English, as in many other languages, meaning that it is formed by combining an auxiliary verb with the main verb. For example, in modern English, it is formed by combining a present-tense form of the auxiliary verb "to have" with the past participle of the main verb. In the above example, "have" is the auxiliary verb, whereas the past participle "eaten" is the main verb.

Present Perfect Structures

The structure of the present perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb have + main verb past participle

Here are some examples of the present perfect tense:

subject + + ? ? I You She We Have Have

auxiliary verb
have have has have you they not not

main verb seen eaten been played finished? done it? ET. mine. to Rome. football.

Present Perfect Tense Time Clauses

Time clauses are introduced by . after, as, as long as, as soon as, just as, once, since, before, by the time, when, while, until / till, whenever, the moment (that ), every time, the first time, the next time, the last time

First Past and Second Past

The past perfect tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.