CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION

Prepared By : Noor Fakhira bt Yusri Ainul Fakhariah binti Abdullah

Definitions

Curriculum Models - Tyler -Taba

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION

Theoretical Foundations

Stenhouse

Objective Models Curriculum Models Process Model

Tylers Model
Tabas Model Stenhouses Model

DEFINITION OF CURRICULUM
Dictionaries

New International course content which offered by educational Institution Oxford English- courses that are taught in schools or institutions of higher learning

EDUCATIONISTS VIEWS REGARDING CURRICULUM

Franklin Bobbit (1918)- father of curriculum Two perspectives - All the experiences, directed or otherwise; planned or otherwise; which focuses on the holistic development of the individual - All the conscious and purposeful educational experiences provided by the school for the pupils - John Dewey (1916). Democracy and education. Curriculum as effort made to restructure society

DEFINITIONS GIVEN BY EDUCATIONIST OF THE 80S WITH THOSE OF THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY ABOVE

Tanner (1980). all the preferably planned experiences which should be gained by pupils, and the aspired learning outcomes of teachers and pupils. These two elements should be given serious consideration during the delivery of knowledge and skills to ensure that educational goals are achieved

Schubert ( 1987). specific aspects for reconstructing society, including subject content, learning concepts and tasks, planned activities, experiences and learning outcomes, and local culture Kerr (in Kelly, 1983; 1999)- all the learning planned by an educational institution and implemented either in groups or individually, and inside or outside the classroom. contains two elements - Learning is planned - Issues related to schooling

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM

1900-1940 Focused on characteristics of pupils and effective teachers

EDUCATIONIST
Alfred Binet

EXPLANATION
Proposed a systematic procedure to measure learning aptitudes Studied Childrens cognitive Social constructivists who stressed the importance of interaction with the environment, including other people. Classical experiment using a dog, meat powder and a bell.

Jean Piaget Lev Vygotsky

Ivan Pavlov

1940-1960
EDUCATIONIST B.F . Skinner Abraham Maslow EXPLAINATION - S-R theory (StimulusResponse theory) - Theory of motivation -closely related to Hierarchy of Needs - Blooms taxonomy - Outlined the format for various aspects like curriculum guide, teachers edition, lesson plan and evaluation tools.

Benjamin Bloom Ralph Tyler

1960-1980
THEORIST Erik Erikson THEORY - Concerned on an individuals psychosocial development - Moral development - Proposed how human learn through imitating the behaviour of others

Lawrence Kohlberg Albert Bandura

TYLERS MODEL
Objectives Selection of learning experiences Organization of learning experience Evaluation

The model is linear in nature, starting from objectives and ending with evaluation. In this model, evaluation is terminal. It is important to note that: Objectives form the basis for the selection and organization of learning experiences. Objectives form the basis for assessing the curriculum. Objectives are derived from the learner, contemporary life and subject specialist. -Based on the objective-oriented theory - Curriculum as a means aiming toward an educational object

EVALUATION

Consist of seven components :

DIAGNOSIS OF NEEDS - Identify pupils need like solving math problem

- Attention given to purpose, type and data collection instrument

DEVELOPMENT OF OBJECTIVE - Align to preidentified pupils needs.

ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES - Consider aspect careful planning, relevant contents and suitable for all students.

TAB A MOD EL
ORGANIZATION OF CONTENT - Considered about sequence, maturity level,interest,ability and achievement level

SELECTION OF CONTENTS - Preferably aligned to objectives relevant and significant

SELECTION OF EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES - Teaching involve all student type and relevant contents

Dynamic

Not something physical

Active
CHARACTER ISTIC IN TEACHING PROCESS ACCORDING TO STENHOUSE

Involves the interaction between teachers, pupils and the knowledge to be disseminated

Considered curriculum as a form of content delivery

By educators whose are teacher and lecturer to a target group in a specific educational institution.

ACCORDING TO STENHOUSE ABOUT CURRICULUM

When teacher enter the classroom to teach, they bring not only lesson plans but bring along their :

In this process, the concerned parties are open to comment, critique, and recommendations.

Personality

Belief system

Values and expectation about student achievement

The end

Thank You..