Problem Faced by Children with Special Needs

Prepared by: Wan NurHannan

Hearing Impaired / Deaf & Hard of Hearing

Sensorineural Hearing Loss The most common type of hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss is permanent and there is currently no cure. Hearing aids may help and its the only reliable option. Occurs when the problem is in the inner ear.

Conductive Hearing Loss - Occurs when sound is not conducted efficiently through the ear canal, eardrum or the bones of the middle ear. - Results in a reduction of loudness of sound reaching the inner ear. - May result from earwax blocking the ear canal, fluid in the middle ear, middle ear infection, obstructions in the ear canal, perforations in the eardrum or disease of any of the three middle ear bones. - People with conductive hearing loss may notice their ears seem to be full or plugged.

Mixed Hearing Loss - Mix of both a sensorineural and conductive hearing loss. Central Hearing Loss - Results from damage to the auditory nerve itself, or the brain pathways that lead to the nerve. - Rare in infants and children.

Speech Impaired / Speech Disorder

- A type of communication disorders where 'normal' speech is disrupted. - Can mean stuttering, lisps, etc. - Someone who is unable to speak due to a speech disorder is considered mute. - Suffering from a speech disorder can have negative social effects, especially among young children. - Those with a speech disorder can be targets of bullying because of their disorder. - The bullying can result in decreased self-esteem.

Blind and Vision Impaired / Visually Handicapped

Blindness

- The inability to see. - The limiting of one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peripheral vision. - May result from EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; VISUAL PATHWAY diseases; OCCIPITAL LOBE diseases; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS; and other conditions. - The condition of lacking visual perception due to physiological or neurological factors.

Visual Impairment - Reduced vision as a result of a disorder or disease of the eye or brain.

Signs and symptoms of low vision or blindness

Crossed or turned eye Pupils that are excessively large or small Nystagmus (eyes that bounce around, dancing eyes, or strange eye movements Delays in reaching developmental milestones Not tracking objects by three or four months Doesnt blink at sudden bright lights Not interested in books or brightly colored toys Doesnt reach for things placed in front of him or her Turning or tilting head to look at an object Squinting Eye pressing (rubbing or poking eyes) Not making eye contact Self-stimulating activities such as rocking, bouncing, and head nodding.

ADHD / Hyperactive
AD/HD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) - Is a neurobiological disorder characterized by
developmentally inappropriate impulsivity, attention, and in some cases, hyperactivity beginning in childhood, "typically" by the age of 7. Children with AD/HD often have a 2-4 year developmental delay and frequently have other coexisting conditions. Symptoms must be more frequent or severe than in other children the same age. Present for at least 6 months. Have 3 primary subtypes.

AD/HD predominately inattentive type - Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes. - Has difficulty sustaining attention. - Does not appear to listen. - Struggles to follow through on instructions. - Has difficulty with organization. - Avoids or dislikes tasks requiring sustained mental effort. - Loses things. - Is easily distracted. - Is forgetful in daily activities.

AD/HD predominately hyperactive - impulsive type Has difficulty remaining seated. Fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in chair. Difficulty engaging in activities quietly. Acts as if driven by a motor. Talks excessively. Blurts out answers before questions have been completed. Difficulty waiting or taking turns. Interrupts or intrudes upon others.

AD/HD combined type - Individual meets both sets of inattention and hyperactive/impulsive criteria.

Autistic / Autism
- A complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life. - It is a brain disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate, form relationships with others, and respond appropriately to the environment. - People with autism are not physically disabled and 'look' just like anybody without the disability. - Those with high-functioning autism may have speech and intelligence intact. - Others may be mentally disabled, mute, or have serious language delays. - Some seem locked into repetitive behaviors.

People with autism may have some of the following traits. Does not babble or coo by 12 months Does not gesture (point, wave, grasp) by 12 months Does not say single words by 16 months. Does not say two-word phrases on his or her own by 24 months Has any loss of any language or social skill at any age.

 Insistence on sameness; resistance to change Difficulty in expressing needs; uses gestures or pointing instead of words Repeating words or phrases in place of normal, responsive language Laughing, crying, showing distress for reasons not apparent to others Prefers to be alone; aloof manner

 Inappropriate attachments to objects Apparent over-sensitivity or under-sensitivity to pain No real fears of danger Noticeable physical over-activity or extreme under-activity Uneven gross/fine motor skills Not responsive to verbal cues; acts as if deaf although hearing tests in normal range.

 Tantrums Difficulty in mixing with others May not want to cuddle or be cuddled Little or no eye contact Unresponsive to normal teaching methods Sustained odd play Spins objects

Discuss what are some of the problems faced by the children during lessons who suffer from :

Hearing Impaired Speech Impaired Visual Impaired ADHD / Hyperactive Autism