Nanotechnology

Future of Asphalt Pavements

TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION DESIGN

WEARING COURSE BINDER COURSE BASE COURSE

ZYCOSOIL FEATURES
Chemically Reactive
Anti-stripping Additive

Asphalt Modifier

THE CHEMISTRY - THEORY

Hydrophilic polar aggregates get converted to non-polar Hydrophobic aggregates by nano modification, at processing temperatures of HMA

ZYCOSOIL - THE CHEMICAL ACTION

-OH groups make surface very hydrophilic (water loving)
OH Si OH Si O O O O Si O O O Si O O O O Si O O OH Si O O Si O O OH Si O O Si O OH Si O O Si Si O OH Si O O OH Si O

Silanol Groups

Particle surface

Soil / Clay / Sand / Aggregate surface silicate structure

Newly formed Alkyl Siloxane Nano layer 4-6 nm

Zycosoil creates molecular level hydrophobic zone (water repellent)

O O O O Si O O O O Si O Si C O O Si O Si O O Si O O O O O O O Si O O O Si O Si O Si O O O Si O Si O O Si O O O O O O Si O Si O O O O Si O Si O O

Particle surface

Si

Si

Si

Si O

Internal Siloxane bonds

Soil / Clay / Sand / Aggregate surface silicate structure after Zycosoil reaction

ANTISTRIPPING ADDITIVE

Zycosoil eliminates Asphalt Stripping

TSR Value (AASHTO T283) > 90 %

ASPHALT MODIFIER
Improves Tensile Strength Marshall Stability Flow Value Rut Resistance

EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES - ISSUES

Aggregate Non Uniformity
Single Rock gives Good and Poor quality aggregates

Aggregates Dust Coating - A Reality Causes Reverse Emulsification of asphalt binder leading to stripping
Marginal and Quartzite Aggregates Rejected for asphalt concrete Increased RAP content Leads to Raveling

WATERPROOF DEPOSITED DIRT ON AGGREGATE

ANTISTRIPPING ADDITIVE AMINES

1. Improve Anti-stripping Performance

2. Lower Rut Resistance

3. Lower Fatigue Resistance 4. Handling issue Corrosive & Bad Smell

ANTISTRIPPING ADDITIVE HYDRATED LIME

1. Improves Anti-stripping and Rut Resistance 2. Reacts to form calcium silicate. Also interacts and binds carboxylated asphaltenes 3. Needs Wet Mixing, 1-2 % lime with aggregates. Requires 24 hours marination and extra fuel for drying 4. Dry mixing leads to marginal improvement 5. Its particulate nature does not allow 360 degree reactivity

BENEFITS
Reactive anti-strip agent Eliminates stripping (debonding) Improves rut resistance Improves compaction by 1 to 1.5% on the field

Glossier pavements
Does not impart any odor to the asphalt binder or asphalt mix, improved working environment Neutral, does not cause any corrosion and skin irritation unlike lime or amines

ASPHALT BINDER - COMPOSITION

Asphalt microstructure is a continuous three dimensional association of polar Asphaltene (5-15%) molecules dispersed in a fluid of nonpolar "Maltene (85-95%) molecules

AGGREGATE SURFACE MODIFICATION

TYPICAL AGGREGATE
Polar Silanol Groups

ZYCOSOIL REACTED AGGREGATE

Zycosoil

Non-polar Alkyl Siloxane

Zycosoil converts Polar silanol groups to Non-polar Alkyl Siloxane

ASPHALT WETTING
Control Asphalt With Zycosoil

Interface layer Clay/Stone powder/Air

Improves Wetting on aggregates

Pinhole free surface

AGGREGATE-ASPHALT BINDER INTERACTION

TYPICAL INTERACTION ZYCOSOIL INTERACTION

Asphalt Binder

Aggregate

Polar - Polar Interaction

Non Polar Non Polar Interaction

10-20 fold
5-15 % Asphalt participates in Bonding

Increase

85-95 % Asphalt participates in Bonding

STATIC IMMERSION TEST

AASHTO T182 at 60C
Basalt Aggregate (DBM) : 45% 20 mm, 10% 10 mm, 45% less than 6 mm with stone dust Asphalt Grade: AC-20 (VG-30, 60-70 penetration grade)

* Less than 85% Fail, (as per specified standards)

BONDING HYDROGEN / CHEMICAL

Hydrogen bond Liquid Amines Strength for H.N and H.O is 3-9 Kcal/mole. These bonds break down at 70-90 oC Chemical bond Zycosoil Strength for Si-C and Si-O-Si is 90-140 Kcal/mole. These bonds break down over 300 oC Anti-stripping properties of liquid amines is based on hydrogen bonding, while Zycosoil is based on chemical bonding

BOIL TEST
ASTM D 3625, 2 hour conditioning at 135C
Basalt Aggregate (DBM) : 45% 20 mm, 10% 10 mm, 45% less than 6 mm with stone dust Asphalt Grade: AC-20 (VG-30, 60-70 penetration grade)

* Less than 75% Fail, (as per specified standards)

ANTISTRIPPING 6 HOUR BOILING

Untreated

Treated

All control samples showed significant amount of stripped asphalt binder floating in water

BOILING TEST ASTM D3625

Boil test : 6 hr, Dolomite Aggregate Keystone Quarry, Maryland, USA
Test sample AAD 1 + No additive AAD 1 + 0.1% Zycosoil AAM 1 + No additive AAM 1 + 0.1% Zycosoil Color & Tack Discolored brownish mass, no tack Black, tacky Discolored brownish mass, no tack Black, tacky Coated Aggregates % (approx.) 10-20% complete failure 95% 20 -30% complete failure >95%

Asphalt Grade resistance to moisture AAD 1 : very poor ; AAM 1 good AAD 1 & AAM 1 sourced from FHWA, SHRP, USA

TENSILE STRENGTH AASHTO T283

N 70 Superpave Mix with 20 % RAP ( Illinois DOT approved mix)
TSR 0.87
180 160

TSR 0.88

Tensile Strength PSI

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 128.4

148.4

163.6

143.6

Control

0.1 % Zycosoil

Chicago testing Laboratory Inc.

TSR VALUE
Georgia, USA Granites with PG 64-22 Asphalt binder
180 160 140 120 100

TSR 0.82

TSR 0. 95

TSR 1.00

80
60 40 20 0

Control

With 0.05 % Zycosoil

With 0.1 % Zycosoil

Tensile Strength (PSI) Unconditioned

Tensile Strength (PSI) Conditioned

Increased TSR values indicate significant improvement in the moisture resistance of the HMA mixtures.

HAMBURG WHEEL TEST RUT RESISTANCE

Moisture sensitive Dolomite Aggregate Keystone Quarry under wet condition at 50 oC
0 0 -2 -4 -6 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

Rut Depth, mm

-8 -10 UDOT Limit -12 -14 -16 -18 -20 Number of Passes C on tro l

Red lines Control Hot-Mix ; Blue lines Zycosoil Modified Hot-Mix.

HAMBURG WHEEL TEST RUT RESISTANCE RESULTS

Moisture sensitive Dolomite Aggregate Keystone Quarry under wet condition at 50 oC

Measure
SIP Rut Depth 10 mm Utah DOT

Control hot mix

4600 9300

Zycosoil modified hot mix

11000 14300

HAMBURG WHEEL TEST RUT RESISTANCE SIP VALUE

Testing under wet condition at 60 oC instead of 50 oC normally obtained

Control 0.05 % Zycosoil

4223 5692

COMPACTION
Air Voids of Mix Design Asphalt Concrete (4.9 % Binder, Maryland Aggregates)

7 6

% Air Voids

5 4

6.1 3.2 Control

50 Gyration

5.5 2.9 With 0.1% Zycosoil

100 Gyration

3
2 1 0

MARSHALL STABILITY & FLOW VALUE ASTM D1075 :

AASHTO T165 at 60 oC, 24 hrs

Basalt aggregate: 45% 20mm, 10% 10mm, 45% less than 6mm with stone dust
3.1 3 3.02 3.09 3.14 3.18 3.05

2.7
2.85 2.71 2.95 2.78

Zycosoil improves Marshall Stability significantly while maintaining the flow value. Maximum gain happens in the CRMB mix

Flow Value

MARSHALL STABILITY STRENGTH ASTM D1075 :

AASHTO T165 at 60 oC, 24 hrs Basalt aggregate: 33% 20mm, 24% 10mm, 41% less than 6mm with stone dust Control

3.8

3.35

3.2

2.61

% Binder Content with 0.1 % Zycosoil

Flow Value

MARSHALL STABILITY & FLOW VALUE ASTM D1559

Field Results, California, USA 0.1 % Zycosoil added to 5.85 % Asphalt Grade PG 64-22
Sample Specific Gravity Density pcf 1 2 3 Avg 2.455 2.442 2.443 2.447 152.8 152 152 152.3 Stability lbs 10246 9407 9741 9798 Flow 0.01 inch 15 16 15 15 Air Voids % 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.7

High stability and high Flow Value indicates more area under the stress- strain curve. Improved Fatigue resistance

HVEEM STABILOMETER TEST CT 304, 356

Field Results, California, USA 0.1 % Zycosoil added to 5.85 % Asphalt Grade PG 64-22

Briquette Number 1 2 3 Avg

Height Inches 2.5 2.51 2.51 2.51

Relative stability 42 41 42 42

Specified Standard for California Rural Roads 32 - 34 City Roads 34 -36 Highways 37 38

ROTATIONAL VISCOSITY TEST

AASHTO T 316 AT 135 OC, PG 64-22 BINDER
Sample Control Zycosoil (0.05 %) Zycosoil (0.1 %) Viscosity Pa S 0.470 0.468 0.458

Lower viscosity of the Zycosoil containing asphalt binders is good for mixing and wetting and also results in relatively lower mix temperatures

DYNAMIC SHEAR RHEOMETER TEST

AASHTO T 315 AT 64 OC, PG 64-22 BINDER
Sample Control G* kPa 1.44 Phase Angle 86.4 G*/Sin kPa 1.44 Specification

Zycosoil (0.05 %)
Zycosoil (0.1 %)

1.56
1.55

86.4
86.4

1.57
> 1.00 kPa 1.55

Addition of Zycosoil improved complex modulus G*/sin (binder stiffness) with the same visco- elastic response (phase angle).

ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN TEST (RTFOT) AASHTO T 240

DYNAMIC SHEAR RHEOMETER AASHTO T 315 AT 64 0C, PG 64-22 BINDER
Sample Control G* kPa 3.44 Phase Angle 82.7 G*/sin kPa 3.47 Specification

Zycosoil (0.05 %)
Zycosoil (0.1 %)

3.75
4.00

82.8
82.7

3.78
4.02

> 2.20 kPa

Increase in G*/sin indicates improved rut resistance of the asphalt mix, unlike Amines, which reduce the rut resistance

PRESSURE AGING VESSEL (PAV) TEST AASHTO R 28

DYNAMIC SHEAR RHEOMETER AASHTO T 315 AT 25 OC, PG 64-22 BINDER
Sample Control G* kPa 6373 Phase Angle 43.3 G*sin kPa 4368 Specification

Zycosoil (0.05 %) Zycosoil (0.10%)

6001 6628

44.1 44.8

4173
< 5000 kPa

4668

PAV aged Zycosoil asphalt binders residue showed higher phase angle, which means increased elasticity compared to control

BENDING BEAM RHEOMETER (BBR) TEST

AASHTO T 313 AT -12 OC, PG 64-22 BINDER
Sample Control Zycosoil (0.05 %) Zycosoil (0.1 %) Stiffness MPa 201 202 < 300 186 0.314 Specification m -value 0.312 0.317 > 0.300 mPa Specification

Stiffness and m value are statistically similar or better at -12 oC, even though the G* shows consistently higher values at 64 oC This is important for asphalt pavements in extreme climate regions.

TERMINAL ADDITION
MARSHALL STABILITY STRENGTH ASTM D1075; AASHTO T165 at 60 oC, 24 hrs
Test Sample 5.1% asphalt binder on weight of mix Unaged binder Control Unaged binder Zycosoil (0.1%) Aged binder 15 days Control Aged binder 15 days Zycosoil (0.1%) Stability in kg Dry 2265 2485 2235 2652 Wet 2015 2320 2011 2445 Ratio % 89.0 93.4 90.0 92.2 Flow value in mm Dry 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.77 Wet 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.14

Zycosoil was added in asphalt binder and aged at 150 0C for 15 days Efficacy of Zycosoil does not diminish when the hot binder modified with it, is stored for a long period of 15 days

POROUS PAVEMENT -OGFC (OPEN GRADED FRICTION COURSE)

Severe hydraulic scouring by vehicle tire movement, pushes the water through the porous pavements at high pressure and speed leading to stripping failures.

Zycosoil modified asphalt binder will improve strength and stripping resistance which in turn will extend the pavement life.

WARM MIX ASPHALT

Water induced foaming technique for WMA leads to moisture susceptibility and poor compaction. This is a major constraint in its adoption. Residual moisture in aggregates due to lower temperatures, results in sub-optimal bonding of aggregate to asphalt Residual moisture Promotes reactivity of Zycosoil resulting in improved bonding reaction and reduced moisture susceptibility. Improved workability leads to similar Mat densities and compaction at lower temperatures.

SLURRY SEAL / MICRO-SURFACING

Zycosoil is the only water and asphalt soluble reactive anti-stripping agent. Reacts with aggregates at room temperature in aqueous media after drying Ideal for improving moisture resistance in micro-surfacing / slurry seal formulations

SLURRY SEAL / MICRO-SURFACING ISSUES High quality aggregates..A Must Moisture susceptibility Poor wetting Anti-stripping additives not available

SLURRY SEAL / MICRO-SURFACING

ZYCOSOIL BENEFITS Marginal aggregates can be used Richer appearance of surface due to improved wetting Reduced weight loss per unit area as tested by WTAT

DOSAGE

SLURRY SEAL / MICRO-SURFACING

70-gm of Zycosoil per ton of Slurry Seal / Microsurfacing mix design to be added in the water phase.
For marginal / poor aggregates use up to 140-gm per ton of mix design. Ensure Zycosoil water solution is sprayed first on aggregates before additives or asphalt emulsion

SLURRY SEAL / MICRO-SURFACING

BOIL TEST, ASTM D3625

Medium setting cationic emulsion
Sr. No. 1 2 3 Basalt Aggregates per ton of mix Control 70 gm Zycosoil 140 gm Zycosoil % Coated Aggregate 1 hr 40% 98% 98% 3 hr <5 % 90% 96%

Mixes prepared with & without Zycosoil and dried and conditioned outside in the sun for one day.

CONVENTIONAL TACK COAT

Cationic Asphalt Emulsions are primarily used to improve bonding of base asphalt layer
Dust, stone powder, broken aggregates on base asphalt layer are water loving and act as a primary cause of de-bonding failures Mechanical Vibrations during milling operation leads to formation of micro cracks in base asphalt layer. Wetting and penetration of cationic emulsion is poor

ZYCOSOIL TACK COAT

Zycosoil water when used for dilution of cationic asphalt emulsion
Waterproofs dust, stone powder, broken aggregates on base asphalt layer . Better bonding. Better wetting and penetration of cationic emulsion in micro cracks Keeps the spray nozzles clean and maintain uniform application

WATERPROOFED TACK COAT

Diluents Cationic Asphalt Emulsion : Water Ratio Water 1:1 Zycosoil Water (1:100) 1:2

Start circulation pump and add Zycosoil in water. Allow 5 10 minutes for mixing followed with addition of Cationic Emulsion before application.

Spray 400 700 gm/ m2 of diluted cationic asphalt emulsion

THANK YOU