CHAPTER 5 : CELL DIVISION

LEARNING OUTCOMES
To To To

explain the necessity for the production of new cells identical to parent cells, state the significance of mitosis, identify the phases in the cell cycle,

NECESSITY FOR PRODUCTION OF NEW CELL

To replace the damage and dead cell As the growth process to increase the number of cell Carried out by a process called CELL DIVISION Unicellular ( yeast, bacteria) known as asexual reproduction

TYPES OF CELL DIVISION (CD)

INVOLVE 2 STAGES 1. Karyokinesis ( nucleus division) 2. Cytokinesis 2 types of nucleus division

1. 2.

Mitosis ( somatic cell) Meiosis ( reproductive cell)

MITOSIS
A type of cell division which involves division of nucleus to produce 2 daughter cell, that containing the same number and same kind of chromosomes with parent cell occur in somatic cell Unicellular organism- a form of asexual Multicellular organism to generate and replace damge cell

Somatic cell consist 2 set of chromosomes 1 from parental, 1 from maternal 2 set called diploid cells ( 2n)

THE CELL CYCLE

REGULAR SEQUENCE OF STAGES THAT CELL UNDERGOES,FROM THE TIME IT IS FORM UNTIL IT DIVIDED COMPLETELY INTO TWO INVOLVES CELL GROWTH AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION 2 MAIN PHASES IN THE CYCLE CELL 1. INTERPHASE ( G1,S AND G2) 2. CELL DIVISION ( M PHASE)

LEARNING OUTCOMES

To explain the process of M phase (mitosis) & cytokinesis, To arrange the various stages of mitosis in the correct sequence, To compare and contrast mitosis & cytokinesis in animal cell & plant cell

STAGE OF MITOSIS

Divided into four phase : PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE & TELOPHASE Nucleus divides cytokinesis (cytoplasm divides)

COMPARISON

OF MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS IN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS - DO IT BY YOUR OWN

LEARNING OUTCOMES

To explain the importance of controlled mitosis, To explain the effects of uncontrolled mitosis in living things, To describe the application of knowledge on mitosis in cloning,

To explain the advantages & disadvantages of cloning.

Cell cycle is controlled by genes of the chromosomes

has its own timing & rate of cell division (controlled mitosis)
Each type of cell

Uncontrolled mitosis happen when the genes that regulate the cell cycle is mutated or damaged
May be caused by too much exposure

to carcinogens (cancer-causing agent).

Tumor : the number of abnormal

cells produced increase very quickly

Benign tumor : abnormal cells

remain at the original site

Malignant tumor : tumor becomes

invasive & spread to neighbouring tissues, impairing the functions of one or more organs cancer

APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE ON MITOSIS IN CLONING

To increase the quantity of the product To improve the quality, to produce new species & to ensure uniformity in the traits of the plants