Back scatter imaging

Collection & imaging of scattered radiation Digital Technique where access to both
sides not required Imaging from one side

Scattering
Takes place through interaction of X or gamma photons

with electrons or nucleus For imaging interaction with electrons is important Other than Rayleigh /elastic/ coherent scattering, there is transfer of energy Types of scattering
Coherent scattering Photo-electric absorption -fluorescence Compton scattering Resonance fluorescence

Applications related to scattering

Elastic scattering
Photoelectric process Compton scattering
measurement of thin coatings

Basis for chemical analysis tools

-basis for back-scatter imaging Examination of thick & dense structures
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Resonance process

Imaging Techniques
Pin hole
Measurement of source dimensions

Multiple aperture collimator Moving slit Flying spot

 Multiple aperture
coolimator
Instead of single-hole , multiple conical holes radially drilled in a Pb sheet Masks deigned to select volume of element repeatedly on the detector The specimen illuminated from side Photons scattered at the geometric centre of collimator are collected

Moving slit
Slits are configured to provide depth resolution Configuration I
Slit & detector moved related to surface under study

Configuration II
Source & source slit stationary Detector & imaging slit moved across the surface to collect scatter from progressively deep-layer

Flying spot
Technique A rotating collimator disk
,in front of a slit collimator forms a moving mask to limit incident beam falling on object The un-collimated detectors detect scattered photons High throughput Detector solid angle 2phi steredian
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Applications
Checking of fuses & explosives in artillery shells Mine detection
Made up of organic materials , the composition scatters well Show no contrast in film RT as absorption is little aircraft bulk-heads
High density low Z needed to make explosives suitable for detection by back-scattered techniques ion Need for detection permits one side access only Use depth scans to find out thickness of subsurface layer & determine remaining metal thickness , as forming corrosion products separate metal structure members

Aircraft corrosion

Applications
Between lap joints corrosion causes swelling between rivets called pillowing Testing of baggage for explosives & contraband Certain amount of chemical analysis Estimation of Z of material under inspection