LOCATING & CLAMPING DEVICES IN JIGS & FIXTURES

BY DINBANDHU

INTRODUCTION Production work-holding devices used to manufacture duplicate parts accurately. PURPOSE To make a correct relationship between the cutter, tool and work piece.

DEFINATION
FIXTURE: Locates and clamps the work piece.

JIG:
Locates & clamps the work piece and guides the cutting tool.

ELEMENTS OF JIGS & FIXTURES

Locating Elements Clamping Elements Tool Guiding and Setting Elements

LOCATION

Location refers nothing but the position, used to establish a desired relationship between the work piece & work-holding devices. Correct location provides a good accuracy.

Locating points are directly proportional to D.O.F.

3-2-1 PRINCIPLE

3-2-1 PRINCIPLE
PINS RESTRICTED

3 PINS 2 PINS 1 PIN 6 PINS

5 DOF 3 DOF 1 DOF 9 DOF

3-2-1 PRINCIPLE CONTD.. 3 pins are inserted at base plane 2 pins are inserted at vertical plane 1 pin in third plane positively locates part

Thus, its also known as Six Point Locating Principle

LOCATING DEVICES PIN LOCATOR: A round pin is used to hold the workpiece in position. Pins are longer in length & used for horizontal location.

FLAT LOCATORS: Used for locating flat machined faces of the component. Fig(3) has better arrangement than Fig(2) due to its capacity to take and load for having provision of swarf clearance.

DIAMOND PIN LOCATOR: Used to constrain pivoting of the workpiece around principle locator. The principle locator should be longer than diamond pin.

CYLINDRICAL & SPHERICAL LOCATORS: Unlike with cylindrical locators, Spherical locators are impossible to bind due to the same distance between the opposite side of the contact area.

VEE BLOCK LOCATORS: Mainly used to locate round shafts & cylindrical workpieces. Its having advantage of centralizing feature.

CLAMPING

Require to hold the workpiece against the cutting forces. Principles: 1.Position 2.Strength 3.Productivity 4.Operator fatigue 5.Workpiece variation

CLAMPING DEVICES

SCREW CLAMP:
Widely used for jigs & fixtures , offers the tool designer almost unlimited application potential lower costs & less complex designs. Used to grip the workpiece on its edges.

STRAP CLAMP:
o
Simplest and most commonly used clamp. Also known as lever clamp, made of rectangular plates

WEDGE CLAMP: The horizontal movement of wedge causes upward vertical clamping force on workpiece.

CAM CLAMP: Quick acting clamp which is extensively used in jigs & fixtures due to its rapid & convenient action.

SWING PLATE CLAMP: Employed for quick loading & unloading of light workpieces. The clamp is operated by swinging the plate in position and locking it by turning the screw which passes through its center.

TOGGLE CLAMP: Quick acting clamp & its operation depends upon the movement of rigid link. Widely used for holding sheet metal parts in position.

PIVOTED CLAMP: Clamp is pivoted at the center to simplify the operation. Eliminates the use of spanner for clamping.

REFRENCES
Jig & Fixture Design by Edward G. Hoffman Jigs & Fixtures by Joshi P.H. IIT Kharagpur Notes on Jigs & Fixtures Images from Google Workshop Technology-II by Hajra Choudhary

THANK U