Urbanisation And Municipal Solid

Waste Management: A Case Study Of

Mumbai

Sarika Kansal
IGIDR, Mumbai
 Different types of Solid Waste

Municipal Solid Waste

Industrial Solid Waste

Hazardous Solid Waste

Present Scenario of Solid Waste Management
in India

• 100-500 grams per capita waste

• Dirty streets and cities
• Unhygienic conditions
• Loss of reusable / recyclable material
• Pollution due to burning of waste
• Local as well as global air pollution
 Municipal Solid Waste Management in
Mumbai

• MCGB
• Bombay Municipal Corporation (B.M.C.) Act
1888.
• 6256 tones per day waste generated in Mumbai.
• Per capita waste generated is 0.450 kg, highest in
Indian cities
• One of the best waste management systems in
India.
Map Showing Different wards
(24) of Mumbai
 Waste Disposal Options

• Sanitary Land-filling (Open Dump) method

• Composting and Vermi-composting
• Incineration
• Pelletization
• Gasification / Pyrolysis
• Anaerobic treatment of solid waste
• Conversion to biogas
Landfill sites (Open dumps) in Mumbai

Location Area(Hectar Quantity

es) received in
TPD
Deonar 111 3140
Mulund 25.20 275
Chincholi 19.22 1163
Gorai 14.5 424
 Formal and Informal sector in SWM

• Formal sector: Municipality

• Staff – 39,845
• Collection efficiency – 90% (Municipal Data)
• Informal sector: Rag pickers
• 1,00,000 rag pickers
• Collect 25 % (excluding debris)
• Sell reusable of value Rs. 900 million every year
• No coordination between two sectors
 Composition of MSW in Mumbai

10.55% 0.75%
15%
0.80%
Paper and cardboard
0.40%
Plastics
Metals (ferrous)
Glass
Sand & fine earth
37.50%
Compostable matter
35% Others

Composition of Municipal solid waste in Mumbai

 Budget Provision for Solid Waste
Management Services in Mumbai

500 400
400 350
314
Rs. crore

300 250 247

200
100
0
1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999- 2000-
2000 2001
Year
 Problems of MSW Management in
Mumbai
• Overflowing Community Bins
• Waste littering in many places
• Waste Management services not satisfactory
 Reasons
• Institutional deficiencies (Problem of Governance)
– Lack of coordination between different departments for
MSW management services.
– Low Productivity of solid waste management staff
• Lack of public participation
 Possible Environmental Impact of Waste

• Open dumping:
• Degradation of land resources
• Health Impacts
• Contamination of surface and groundwater supplies

• Open burning: Urban air pollution

• Decomposition of organic wastes: release of

methane which contributes to greenhouse effect.
 Impact of SWM on Environmental
Resources
Environmenta Activities connected to SWM
l Resources
Collection + D B Sorting
Transport umpi urni
Land ng
-ve ng
+ve +ve

Air -ve -ve -ve +ve

Water -ve +ve

 Future Research Direction

• Estimation of health impact on Waste pickers and

general public
• How to encourage Community Participation
(Economic instruments, Legislations, Force)?
• Estimation of contribution of waste on global
environment
• How to promote efficient municipal government?