Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
BY
C.V.RAGHUNATHAN,B.TECH;DIS(HONS):MIE;MSEA DY.CHIEF SAFETY MANAGER THERMAL POWER STATION-I NEYVELI LIGNITE CORPORATION LTD
Liberalisation Globalisation Open Economy Increased Competition Customer driven market Survival of the fittest
Power Generation Industry comes under sec2(cb) Applicability of Sec 41B,41C,41E,41H Sec7A (a) Plant to be maintained safe without health risk (b) Safe handling and usage of substances (c) Information , instruction,training and supervision on safety (d) Safe access and eggress (e) Maintenance and monitoring of work place environment
QUALITY PRODUCTIVITY
(CONTROL OF LOSS PRODUCING EVENTS, OPTIMUM UTILISATION OF MONEY,MACHINES, MATERIALS,METHODS,MEN)
DEFINITIONS
HAZARD Source/inherent property of a substance which has the potential to cause harm to human by way of injury/ill health,damage to property and environment RISK The combination of likelihood and consequence of a hazardous event INCIDENT An event that has potential to cause an accident(includes near miss) ACCIDENT Undesired event that causes injury, ill health,death, damage to property and environment
ACCIDENTS
LOSS PRODUCING EVENTS ECONOMIC LOSS SOCIAL LOSS IMPAIRS INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP PRODUCTIVITY RETARDS ADVANCEMENT AND STANDARD OF LIVING
ACCIDENTS
ACCIDENTS DO NOT HAPPEN; THEY ARE CAUSED ALL THE HUMAN ERRORS DO NOT END UP IN ACCIDENTS BUT MOST OF THE ACCIDENTS ARE RESULTS OF HUMAN ERROR ACCIDENT PREVENTION VITAL FOR NATIONAL PROGERSS
CONTROL OF MACHINE PERFORMANCE CONTROL OF MEN PERFORMANE CONTROL OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT CONTROL OF MATERIALS
Safety in conceptual stage Safety in design stage Safety in construction stage Safety in transportation stage Safety in operation & maintenance stage Safety in dismantling stage
CONTROL OF MATERIALS
Inventory Control Storage & Handling MSDS Antidotes
HUMAN PERFORMANCE
ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
ATTITUDE
PERSONALITY
(AGE,SEX,EDUCATION, UPBRINGING, EXPERIENCE, ENVIRONMENT, BELIEFS,VALUES, POSITION, SITUATION) PERCEPTION
Recruitment Selection Placement Induction Training Devolopment Retraining Motivation & Discipline
ACCIDENTEE
SUPERVISOR
Anxiety Loss of prestige/Reputation Legal implications Loss of skill Time and energy for the devolopment of substitute
MANAGEMENT
DIRECT COST Cost of Compensation Cost of medical expenses Cost of investigation Cost of rehabilitation
MANAGEMENT
INDIRECT COSTS Lost time of accidentee Lost time of fellow workmen Lost time of Supervisors & Executives Lost time of clearing the accident site Lost time of repairing the damaged equipments Lost time for restarting the process/production Reduced quality of output due to the emotional upset of supervisors/workmen Blocked Capital Loss of skill and experience Lost time for the training of the replaced workman Lowered employee morale Increased labour conflict Unfavourable public image/relations
ACCIDENT PREVENTION
ACCIDENT CAUSES
PROXIMATE CAUSE CONTRIBUTING CAUSE IDETIFY AND ATTACK THE ROOT (CONTRIBUTING) CAUSES
PROXIMATE CAUSE
CONTRIBUTING CAUSE
Inadequate knowledge and skill Anatomical /Physiological unsuitability Improper Psychological charecteristics
ROOT CAUSE
ROOT CAUSE
Loss of limbs Shortage of limbs Poor eye sight Poor hearing(THL/PHL) Astigmatism Epileptic
ROOT CAUSE
ROOT CAUSES
FROM THE PART OF WORKMAN DISCIPLINE Disobedience Disregard to instructions PHYSICAL CONDITION Sick/Weak/Fatigued KNOWLEDGE/SKILL Inexperienced Ignorant
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO B1 AGENCY B2 UNSAFE PHYSICAL CONDITION B3 UNSAFE ACT B4 UNSAFE PERSONAL FACTOR B5 TYPE OF ACCIDENT B6 NATURE OF INJURY B7 LOCATION OF INJURY
B1 AGENCY
MACHINES(Prime movers,Transmission machineries,metal/wood/agricultural,mining machineries) TRANSPORTATION/MOVING EQUIPMENT(Lifting machines,Road,Rail,Air,Water transportation OTHER EQUIPMENTS(Pressure vessels,Electrical installations,Electric hand tools)
B3 UNSAFE ACT
Operating without authority Failure to warn Operating at unsafe speed Making safety devices inoperative
Inadequate knowledge and skill Anatomical /Physiological unsuitability Improper psychological charecteristics
B5 TYPE OF ACCIDENTS
Fall of persons Fall of objects Striking against objects Struck by objects Caught in between objects Exposure to extra temperature Exposure to electric current
B6 LOCATION OF INJURY
B7 NATURE OF INJURY
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
COLLECTION OF PRELIMINARY DATA SPOT VISIT AND COLLECTION OF OBJECTIVE EVIDENCES INTERACTION AND RECORDING ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION RECURRENCE AVOIDANCE MEASURES PREPARATION OF REPORT
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATOR
REPORTING
SYSTEM OF REPORTING
(INCIDENTS,NEAR MISSES,ACCIDENTS) STATUTORY REPORTING FACTORIES ACT SECTION 88- NOTICE OF ACCIDENTS SECTION 88A-NOTICE OF DANGEROUS OCCURENCES SECTION 89-NOTICE OF DISEASES
REPORTING
TNFR/RULE 96 (FATAL,SERIOUS,DANGEROUS OCCURRENCE) Immediate information to CIF/DCIF/IF through telephone/Fax,District Magistrate,Inspector of Police Form 18/18A within 12 Hrs. Other cases of reportable accidents within 72 Hrs in Form 18 Electrical accidents in Power Generation, Transmission,Distribution systems involving injury to human or animal to be reported to the Electrical inspector by telephone within 24 Hrs and in FORM as per ANNEXURE XIII within 48 Hrs.(as per Rule 44A of IER 1956)
Reduce the risk level by reducing the likelihood & consequence THROUGH Introduction of New Technology Modification of Existing Technology Substitution Separation Administration Training PPE
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
Health & Safety Policy Safety Organisation (Safety Dept/Committee/Safety Budjet Accident Reporting,Investigation & Analysis Safety Inspections Safety Education & Training First Aid Occupational Health Centre
General Working Condition(House Keeping,Noise,Illumination,Ventilation) Hazard Identification & Control Safe Operating Procedures Work Permit System Waste Disposal System Personal Protective Equipment
Fire Protection Emergency Preparedness Plant Layout and Area Classification Static Electricity Pressure Vessels(Fired & Unfired) New Equipment Review Lifting Machines & Tackles
Mobile Equipment & Vehicular Traffic Safe Access Material Handling Pressure Vessels/Tanks Safety ON SITE Gas Cylinder Storage Area Plant Communication System Transportation of Hazardous Materials (Road/Rail/Pipelines)
FREQUENCY RATE (Number of accidents x10,00,000)/Man Hours worked SEVERITY RATE (Total mandays lost x10,00,000)/Man Hours worked
DETERMINATION OF RISK LIKELIHOOD Highly Unlikely Full control over the identified hazard by way of Technology, Operational 1 Control,measurement and monitoring,Competence(NO GAP) Unlikely Minor Gap exits over the control of identified hazard 2 Likely Major Gap exits in control over the identified hazard 3 Very Likely No Control over the identified hazard 4
CRITERIA FOR RISK ASSESSMENT LIKELIHOD(L) COSEQUENCE( C ) RISK=LxC Highly Unlikely Slightly Harmful Trivial (1) (2) (2) Unlikely Harmful Moderate/ (2) (4) Tolerable (4-8) Likely Very Harmful Substantial (3) (6) (12-18) Very Likely Extremely Harmful Intolerable (4) (8) (24-32)
RANKING
Slightly Harmful 2 Harmful 4
HUMAN
Momentary Discomfort First Aid./Non Reportable injuries
PROPERTY
No Damage Minor Damage
Very Harmful 6
Extremely Harmful 8
Reportable Severe Damage Minor/Major injuries(Temp disability) Fatal/Perm. Complete Disability(Incide Distruction nts involving large number of people)