Dt: 7th Sep 2011

Formal Network Flow: It follows a companys formal organizational chart to achieve organizational goals

Informal Network Flow: It develops when people interact within formal communication system to accommodate social and psychological needs.

The direction can be of

Downward Communication Upward Communication Horizontal / Lateral Communication

It flows from the hierarchy to the subordinates on the organizational chart. Supervisor to employees Policy makers to operating personnel From top to bottom

It is the feedback to downward communication and involves risk. Managements requests information Employees talk about their fellow employees, work , methods and their perceptions It keeps the management informed about the feelings of the lower-level employees and taps the expertise of employees It may be misleading sometimes

It describes interactions between organizational units on the same hierarchical level. The primary means of achieving coordination in a functional organizational structure Helps in accomplishing task goals Relevant in cross-functional teams Do not allow much room for this communication

The Grapevine The grapevine, often called the rumor mill, is one of the best example of informal communication systems It is spontaneous, speedy but inaccurate Output depends on message Input Spreads information to a huge number in a short time It has no single, consistent source

 Four

Principle Factors

Legal and Ethical Constraint Diversity Challenges Team Environment Changing Technology

International Laws Domestic Laws Code of Ethics Stakeholder Interest Ethical Frameworks Personal Values

Consider your personal value system Check your tendency to rationalize Learn to analyze ethical dilemma

Excessive emphasis on profits Misplaced corporate loyalty Obsession with personal advancement Expectation of not getting caught Unethical tone set by the top management Uncertainty about whether an action is wrong Unwillingness to take a stand for what is right

 Four

Dimensions of Business Behaviour

Behaviour that is Illegal and Unethical Behaviour that is Illegal, yet Ethical Behaviour that is Legal, yet Unethical Behaviour that is Both Legal and Ethical

Dt:9th Sep

2011

When a person fails to consider the diversities in the workplaces such as age, gender, culture, education, communication suffers, and the result is often embarrassing and potentially costly.
Communication Opportunities and Challenges in Diversity Culture and Communication Barriers to Intercultural Communication

 Need

of the hour

Trace out Diversity Skills Requirement Make them Competent in Diversity Skills

Steps

taken

To undertake Diversity Initiative To provide Diversity-Training Seminar

 Culture

can be observed in three levels

Visible Level: All Physical and visible elements of culture

such as dress, art, music, monuments, food, and artifacts.

Behavioral Level: It explains how members of a cultural

group communicate, explain, rationalize, and behave in different situations.

Belief System: It answers fundamental questions about life ,

morality, life after death.

These 4 dimensions can be useful in understanding and communicating with people from different culture.

Power Distance:
It describes the extent to which less powerful people expect and accept the fact that power is unequal within the country or an organization.

Individualism versus Collectivism:

Individualistic cultures are those that emphasize individual goals and behavior, while collectivist cultures emphasize group goals and behaviors. (Low & High Context Communication Practices)

Masculinity versus Femininity:

Cultures that are high in masculinity enforce distinctly different roles for men and women, while those that are feminine allow for more the blurring of roles between men and women.

Uncertainty Avoidance:
Different attitude in accepting risk (US / France)

 Barriers

to intercultural communication includes Ethnocentrism Stereotypes Chronemics Proxemics Haptics Kinesics Language Translation Limitations Commonsense Approach

 Ethnocentrism:

The belief that the specific patterns of behavior desired in ones own culture are universally valued. We must learn to develop sensitivity towards other culture to minimize ethnocentric reactions.

Stereotypes:

A mental picture of the main characteristics of another group, creating preformed ideas of what people in this group are like is called stereotypes. Here the other person perceived as a representative of a class rather than an individual.

 Chronemics:

The study of how a culture perceives time and it use . Like In India In US, Canada, Northern Europe Latin America, Asia, and Middle East

Proxemics;

The study of cultural space requirements is known as proxemics.

Proximity Theory Edward T. Hall

Public
Social Personal Intimate
4-12 Feet
6-18 Inches

Public

Public

18-48 Inches

Public

 Haptics:

The study of touch. What is appropriate and peoples tendency to touch differs by culture and gender.

Kinesics:

The study of body language. It is not universal and should be learned from ones culture. Like North American symbol for okey means zero in France money in Japan an expression of vulgarity in Brazil, Greece, Italy, Turky, Russia Excellent in India

 Translation

Limitation:

Words in one language do not always have an equivalent meaning in other language, and the concepts the words describe are often different as well.

Commonsense Approach:

Minimize the barriers

Learn about and experience other culture Cultivate patience with yourself and with others Get help when you need it

 High

time to do away with traditional hierarchical communication pattern.

Trust Building Open Meetings with employees Shared Leadership with internal customers Listening, Problem Solving, Conflict Resolution, Negotiation, Consensus for group communication Vertical (top-down) and horizontal information flow to make all informed

 Self-directed

Work Team

Teams must be encouraged to establish the three - roles, rules, and relationships Constructive criticism Emotional barriers Process barriers Cultural barriers Distributed leadership

Rs

THANK YOU