Jetendra Prajapati & Nitesh Shinde

Clean

Energy Green Environment

keeps

What Is Clean Energy ????

Clean energy may also be called renewable energy or green energy and it specifically refers to energy produced usually from renewable resources without creating environmental debt. There are several other ways such clean energy can be defined. It some cases it may refer to energy processes that pollute less, or it can be considered only energy that doesnt pollute at all and doesnt use resources that cant be easily renewed.

What are the sources ????

Photovoltaic energy

Tidal Power
Wave Power Wind Power

Hydroelectricityy
Geothermal energy

Photovoltaic energy ..
A photovoltaic panel is a solar panel that can generate electricity from solar radiation through photovoltaic cells usually made of silicon.. of silicon

Advantages *^* Disadvantages

Absence of polluting emissions Saving of fossil fuels High reliability - life cycle of over 20 years Reduction of operating and maintenance costs Modularity (size increases with modules) Each panel produces the energy used to manufacture it and up to 10-12 more

Dis advantages Solar irradiation isnt always available Costs of plants are high due to a not completely mature market

Our sun doesnt give us only light and heat, but it is also an endless and durable source of energy.

Photovoltaic panels absorb sunlight and retain heat that is released to produce electricity even in cloudy weather.

..
Tidal energy is energy that can be obtained from the

changing sea levels. In other words, tidal energy is a direct result of tide shifting from low to high.

 Advantages of Tidal energy:

* It's free, after the initial setup * It's green with no harmful emissions * It's reliable and regular (unlike solar and wind) * Birdies fly high and flowers smell nice * it is constant * reliable * needs no fuel * produces no green house gases Tidal stream systems are cheaper than the dam types and do less damage to the environment.

Disadvantages of Tidal energy:

* Barrage (or dam) types are big, expensive and damage the environment somewhat like dams in a river. * kills fishies

Tidal cost..
The cost of tidal energy is rather inexpensive in the long run. The cost mainly comes from the building of the dam, and once the dam is built, there is not much cost other than the maintenance of the dam. Also, as the basin of water or river is renewable and does not cost anything, tidal energy hardly requires any cost. Tidal energy has also a relatively high efficiency rate. About 80% of the kinetic energy from the waves can be converted into usable electrical energy for our use.

Wave Power..
Wave energy is a renewable energy where by we capture the energy that is being generated naturally by waves. Waves get their energy from the wind passing over the surface of the sea as well and can transmit their energy over long distances with little degradation; wave energy is considered a significant renewable energy resource.

Advantages

Free, renewable energy More profitable that Wind Energy. Non-polluting energy

Disadvantages
Buoy can damage ships and fish Buoy can be damaged by storms 500 buoys are needed to be rentable Design can be ugly

LEPECHEUR AUFFEUVRE VEVAUD CHARLES

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What is the impact on the environment ?

Unlike dams, wave power structures that are equally long-lived promise comparatively benign environmental effects. Wave power is renewable, green, pollution-free, and environmentally invisible, if not beneficial, particularly offshore. Its net potential (resource minus "costs") is equal to or better than wind, solar, small hydro or biomass power. Renewable but not profitable.

Energy received from the movement of the wind across the earth. This energy is a result of the heating of our oceans, earth, and atmosphere by the sun.

How it works: The wind blows the propeller round, which

turns a generator to produce electricity.

Advantages
Wind is free and renewable source. It does not cause green house gases or other pollutants They do not utilize a great deal of space, even though they are tall. They are useful for remote places that cannot receive electricity from the power grid. They come in a different range of sizes, so can be used by homes and small businesses

Wind turbines rely on the wind, less wind means less electricity.
Many people think that they make the countryside look unnatural. The process of manufacturing and transporting the turbines may cause land pollution.

When built on shore they can spoil coastline areas and tidal flow patterns, affecting the habitats of marine life and birds

Production value

At $3,000 and $5,000 per kilowatt of wind-generating capacity, or around $40,000 for a 10kW system, according to the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA), a small wind-energy system is generally less expensive than its solar-powered counterpart. With few moving parts, wind turbines don't require much maintenance and operate practically automatically, while lowering your electric bill by 50 to 90 percent

Hydroelectric power
HEP (Hydroelectric Power) is an environmentally friendly way to generate electricity.

Hydro electricity is

the term referring to electricity generated by hydro power ; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy. Once a hydroelectric complex is constructed, the project produces no direct

How it works A dam is built to trap water, usually in a valley where there is an existing lake.Water is allowed to flow through tunnels into the dam,to turn turbines and thus drive generators.Notice that the dam is much thicker at the bottom than at the top,because the pressure of the water increases with depth.

Advantages of HEP
Once the dam is built,the energy is virtually free Water can be stored above the dam ready to cope with peaks in demand much more reliable than wind,solar or wave power No waste or pollution produced Electricity can be generated constantly Hydro-electric power stations can increase to full power very quickly unlike other power stations

Disadvantages of HEP
The dams are very expensive to build,however many dams are also used for flood control or irrigation,so building costs can be shared Building a large dam will flood a very large area upstream,causing problems for animals that used to live there Finding a suitable site can be difficult - the impact on residents and the environment may be unacceptable.

Water quality and quantity downstream can be affected, which can have an impact on plant life.

Production Value

Many microhydro systems can generate 75 to 350 kWh per month, according to Scott Davis, author of Microhydro: Clean Power from Water (New Society Publishers, 2003). Unlike solar and wind, microhydro runs 24/7 and therefore requires much less battery storage than the Production Plus, aforementioned technologies.Valueit can supply 10 to 100 times more power than photovoltaic panels or turbines for the same amount of capital invested, says Energy Alternatives Ltd.

Geothermal Energy

it is energy from the Earth. Geo refers to the solid part of the Earth and thermal refers to heat energy. Anywhere the Earth's surface is in close proximity to magma or volcanic activity under or near the Earth's surface, we can harness the energy.

sources of earths internal Energy

70% comes from the decay of radioactive nuclei with long half lives that are embedded within the Earth Some energy is from residual heat left over from Earths formation.

The rest of the energy comes from meteorite impacts.

Direct uses of geothermal energy is appropriate for sources below 1500C

space heating air conditioning industrial processes drying Greenhouses Aguaculture hot water resorts and pools melting snow

geothermals Harmful Effects

Brine can salinate soil if the water is not injected back into the reserve after the heat is extracted. Extracting large amounts of water can cause land subsidence, and this can lead to an increase in seismic activity. To prevented this the cooled water must be injected back into the reserve in order to keep the water pressure constant underground. Power plants that do not inject the cooled water back into the ground can release H2S, the rotten eggs gas. This gas can cause problems if large quantities escape because inhaling too much is fatal.

Availability of Geothermal Energy

On average, the Earth emits 1/16 W/m2. However, this number can be much higher in areas such as regions near volcanoes, hot springs and fumaroles. As a rough rule, 1 km3 of hot rock cooled by 1000C will yield 30 MW of electricity over thirty years. It is estimated that the world could produce 600,000 EJ over 5 million years. There is believed to be enough heat radiating from the center of the Earth to fulfill human energy demands for the remainder of the biospheres lifetime.

geothermals Positive Attributes

Useful minerals, such as zinc and silica, can be extracted from underground water. Geothermal energy is homegrown. This will create jobs, a better global trading position and less reliance on oil producing countries. US geothermal companies have signed $6 billion worth of contracts to build plants in foreign countries in the past couple of years. In large plants the cost is 4-8 cents per kilowatt hour. This cost is almost competitive with conventional energy sources.

Production Value
A geothermal heat pump system costs roughly $2,500 per ton of capacity, according to the California Energy Commission, so an average-size home using a 3-ton unit would end up paying $7,500 or so. Of course, you'll also have to include the cost of drilling to your tab; how much exactly depends on how your system will be positioned, whether it'll be wedged vertically deep underground or horizontally a shorter distance below ground. Drilling costs can fall anywhere between $10,000 and $30,000.
While a geothermal system costs more than a conventional oil- or natural-gas-dependent system, the cost of running heat pumps is actually 30 to 40 percent less than a conventional system that runs fossil fuel, meaning you'll be able to save enough on reduced heating and cooling bills to break even in two to 10 years. Durable and almost maintenance-free because their components are sheltered underground away from the elements, geothermal heat pumps are guaranteed to last 25 to 50 years.

Broad Benefits of Clean Energy

Environmental Lower greenhouse gas emissions and criteria pollutants Lower water use Utility System Quick fix with longer term benefits Improve security of electricity and gas systems Lower peak demand / improve reliability Diversify utility supply portfolio Reduce environmental regulatory risk to utilities Economic Lower cost compared to new generation and transmission Downward pressure on natural gas prices Lower wholesale electricity prices Improved local economy Improved service to low income and seniors

energy efficiency is
5,500

Future Electricity Demand Scenarios

Large Resource
More than 50 percent of gas and electric growth can be offset cost-effectively
5,000

BAU

Low cost now

Fraction of new generation

Consumption (Billion kWh)

4,500

50% of Growth

4,000

Stays low cost what ever

the future price of carbon

Range of Studies
3,500 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024

Barriers to Clean Energy

Information Technology Options Costs and Benefits Technical Assistance Transaction Costs Split Incentives Objective Measurement Tools Contradictory Policies and Regulations

Thank you
.