Tema referatului

Intr-o suprafata de proba din U.P.V Valea Hamaradiei, u.a. 40 din cadrul O.S.
Codlea in marime de 25000 m au fost inventariati toti arborii a carora li s-a masurat
diametrul la 1.30 m precum si inaltimea acestora. Pe baza acestor masuratori, prin
gruparea arborilor pe categorii de diametre din 2 in 2 cm s-a obtinut seria de distributie
a variabilei independente x (diametrul), iar prin gruparea arborilor pe clase de inaltimi
din m in m s-a obtinut seria de distributie a variabilei independente y(datele fiind
redate in tabelul anexa).

Cuprins
TEMA REFERATULUI........................................................................................................................1
CUPRINS.................................................................................................................................................1
CAP. 1 INDICATORII TENDINTEI CENTRALE............................................................................3
1.1. MEDIA ARITMETICA .................................................................................................................3
1

1.1.2 Media aritmetica procedeul direct...................................................................................................3

1.1.2 Media aritmetica procedeul momentelor.........................................................................................3
1.2 CUARTILELE ..............................................................................................................................4
1.2.1 Cuartilele procedeul analitic...........................................................................................................4
1.3. MODULUL..................................................................................................................................4
1.3.1 Modul procedeul analytic................................................................................................................4
CAP.2 INDICATORII VARIBILITATII.............................................................................................5
2.1 INDICATORII SIMPLI AI VARIATIEI..............................................................................................5
2.1.1 Amplitudinea absoluta de variatie.....................................................................................................5
2.1.2 Amplitudinea relativa de variatie......................................................................................................5
2.1.3 Abaterea maxima negativa absoluta...................................................................................................5
2.1.4 Abaterea maxima negativa relativa...................................................................................................5
2.1.5 Abaterea maxima pozitiva absoluta...................................................................................................5
2.1.6 Abaterea maxima pozitiva relativa ...................................................................................................5
2.2 INDICATORII SINTETICI AI VARIABILITATII.................................................................................6
2.2.1 Varianta(dispersia) procedeul direct...............................................................................................6
2.2.2 Varianta (dispersia) procedeul multiplicarii...................................................................................6
2.2.3 Varianta (dispersia) procedeul momentelorni..............................................................................7
CAP. 3 INDICATORII FORMEI DISTRIBUTIEI EXPERIMENTALE........................................7
3.1 ASIMETRIA SI EXCESUL PROCEDEUL DIRECT...........................................................................7
3.2 ASIMETRIA SI EXCESUL PROCEDEUL MOMENTELOR................................................................8
3.3. COEFICIENTII DE ASIMETRIE......................................................................................................8
3.4. COEFICIENTII LUI BOWLEY ......................................................................................................8
3.5. COEFICIENTII LUI PEARSON......................................................................................................8
3.6. COEFICIENTII LUI FISCHER........................................................................................................9
CAP. 4 AJUSTAREA DISTRIBUTIEI EXPERIMENTALE............................................................9
4.1 AJUSTAREA DISTRIBUTIEI EXPERIMENTALE DUPA LEGEA NORMALA.........................................9
4.2 VERIFICAREA CALITATII AJUSTARII CU CRITERIULUI ................................................................9
4.3 AJUSTAREA DUPA LEGEA CHARLIER TIP A..............................................................................10
4.4 AJUSTAREA DISTRIBUTIEI EXPERIMENTALE DUPA DISTRIBUTIA BETA.....................................11
CAP.5 ANALIZA CORELATIEI
5.1 COEFICIENTUL DE CORELATIE PROCEDEUL
MOMENTELOR VAR. I..................................................................................................................12
5.2 COEFICIENTII DE CORELATIE PROCEDEUL SUMELOR VAR. II................................................13
5.2 RAPORTUL DE CORELATIE........................................................................................................15
5.3 TESTAREA SEMNIFICATIEI COEFICIENTULUI DE CORELATIE.....................................................17
5.4 TESTAREA SEMNIFICATIEI RAPORTULUI DE CORELATIE...........................................................17
CAP.6 ANALIZA REGRESIEI..........................................................................................................18
6.1 PARAMETRII DREPTEI DE REGRESIE..........................................................................................18
2

6.3 INTERVALUL DE INCREDERE AL DREPTEI DE REGRESIE............................................................19

6.5 PRECIZIA DREPTEI DE REGRESIE ..............................................................................................20
6.5.1 Media aritmetica ..............................................................................................................................20
6.5.2 Reziduu mediu patrat........................................................................................................................20
6.5.3 Reziduu mediu patrat exprimat procentual(%)..............................................................................20
6.5.4 Eroarea standard a dreptei de regresie............................................................................................20
6.5.5 Examinarea semnificatiei coeficientului de regresie liniar.............................................................20

Cap. 1 Indicatorii tendintei centrale

1.1. Media aritmetica
1.1.2 Media aritmetica procedeul direct
xi

ni

16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
Total

Formule si calcule

xi*ni
3
9
14
17
29
32
18
15
17
10
17
13
9
7
4
214

48
162
280
374
696
832
504
450
544
340
612
494
360
294
176
6166

x=

n x
n
i

=28.8131

1.1.2 Media aritmetica procedeul momentelor

xi
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32

ni

[(xi -xo)/a]*ni
3
9
14
17
29
32
18
15

0
9
28
51
116
160
108
105

Formule si calcule

34
36
38
40
42
44
46
Total

17
10
17
13
9
7
4

136
90
170
143
108
91
56

214

1371

m1 ' =

xi x 0
ni
=6.4065
a
ni

x = x 0 + a m1 ' =28.8131

1.2 Cuartilele
1.2.1 Cuartilele procedeul analitic
xi

ni

Formule si calcule

ni

16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42

3
9
14
17
29
32
18
15
17
10
17
13
9
7

3
12
26
43
72
104
122
137
154
164
181
194
203
210

44

214

Qi = X Qi

a n'Qi
4

=25.7241
+
nQi

Qm = Me = X Me

Qs = X Qs

a 2 n' Me
4
=29.3333
+
n Me

a 3 n' Qs
4

=36.3000
+
nQs

Q s Qi
= 5.2879
2
Q
s q = d = 0.1803
Qm

Qd =

214

1.3. Modulul
1.3.1 Modul procedeul analytic
xi
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40

ni
3
9
14
17
29
32
18
15
17
10
17
13
9

Formule si calcule

Mo = X Mo +

a (n0 n1 )
=31.5455
2 n0 n1 n 2

X Mo - limita inferioara a clasei modale ;

n0 - frecventa clasei modale ;

42
44

7
4

n1 - frecventa inferioara a clasei modale ;

n 2 - frecventa superioara a clasei modale ;

Cap.2 Indicatorii varibilitatii

2.1 Indicatorii simpli ai variatiei
2.1.1 Amplitudinea absoluta de variatie
W = x max x min = 40 12 = 28

2.1.2 Amplitudinea relativa de variatie

W%=(W/Xmed)*100%=97.1781%

2.1.3 Abaterea maxima negativa absoluta

dmax-=xmin-xmed=-12.8131

2.1.4 Abaterea maxima negativa relativa

dmax-%=(dmax-/xmed)*100%=-44.4697%

2.1.5 Abaterea maxima pozitiva absoluta

dmax+=xmax-xmed=15.1869

2.1.6 Abaterea maxima pozitiva relativa

dmax+%=(dmax+/xmed)*100%=52.7084%

2.2 Indicatorii sintetici ai variabilitatii

2.2.1 Varianta(dispersia) procedeul direct
xi
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
Total

(xi-xmed)2*ni

ni
3
9
14
17
29
32
18
15
17
10
17
13
9
7
4
214

492.53
1052.31
1087.39
789.11
671.81
253.23
11.90
21.13
172.66
269.04
878.08
1097.19
1126.32
1217.26
922.57
10062.52

Formule si calcule
( xi x ) 2 ni =47.021137

2
s =
N 1

s 2 corect. = s 2 calc. 0,083 a 2 =46.6891

s=

s 2 corect. =6.157072

s
100 =23.7147
x
s% < 30% - colectivitate omogena;
t s%
s0 = 1
=0.5351
100
s
ss =
=0.330283
2N
s% =

2.2.2 Varianta (dispersia) procedeul multiplicarii

xi
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
Total

ni
3
9
14
17
29
32
18
15
17
10
17
13
9
7
4
214

ni x i
48
162
280
374
696
832
504
450
544
340
612
494
360
294
176
6166

ni x i

768
2916
5600
8228
16704
21632
14112
13500
17408
11560
22032
18772
14400
12348
7744
187724

Formule si calcule

s calc. =
2

s=6.8329

x
2
i

( x

N 1

ni )

=47.0211

2.2.3 Varianta (dispersia) procedeul momentelorni

xi
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
Total

ni
3
9
14
17
29
32
18
15
17
10
17
13
9
7
4
214

xi x 0
ni
a
0
9
28
51
116
160
108
105
136
90
170
143
108
91
56
1371

xi x0

ni
a

Formule si calcule

0
9
56
153
464
800
648
735
1088
810
1700
1573
1296
1183
784
11299

m1 ' =

xi x 0
ni
=6.4065
a
N 1
2

x x
i a 0 ni =11.7552
m2 ' =
N 1

m 2 = m 2 'm1 ' 2 =9.541375998

s 2 calc. = a 2 m2 =47.0211

Cap. 3 Indicatorii formei distributiei experimentale

3.1 Asimetria si excesul procedeul direct

xi
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44

ni
3
9
14
17
29
32
18
15
17
10
17
13
9
7
4

( x i x ) 3 ni
-6310.7690
-11378.6635
-9583.2271
-5376.2589
-3233.4664
-712.3577
-9.6756
25.0814
550.2509
1395.4929
6310.6865
10079.8153
12600.0894
16051.9481
14010.9878

( x i x ) 4 ni
80860.4145
123038.4452
84457.7867
36628.9040
15562.9457
2003.9222
7.8671
29.7695
1753.6032
7238.3040
45354.3733
92602.4150
140956.1406
211675.6901
212783.6929

Formule si calcule

(x
A=

x ) ni
3

s3 N

sA =

6
=0.1662
N +3

(x
E=

x ) ni
4

s4 N

sE =

=0.3576

3 =-0.7385

24
=0.3310
N +5

IAI/sA=2.1511
asimetrie semnificativa
IEI/sE=2.23
exces semnificativ

Total

214

24419.9340

1054954.2739

3.2 Asimetria si excesul procedeul momentelor

2

xi

ni

16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44

xi x

ni
a

3
9
14
17
29
32
18
15
17
10
17
13
9
7
4

xi x

ni
a

123.13
263.08
271.85
197.28
167.95
63.31
2.97
5.28
43.16
67.26
219.52
274.30
281.58
304.32
230.64

xi x

ni
a

-788.85
-1422.33
-1197.90
-672.03
-404.18
-89.04
-1.21
3.14
68.78
174.44
788.84
1259.98
1575.01
2006.49
1751.37

5053.78
7689.90
5278.61
2289.31
972.68
125.25
0.49
1.86
109.60
452.39
2834.65
5787.65
8809.76
13229.73
13298.98

Formule si calcule
2

x x
i a ni =11.8104
m2 =
N 1
3
xi x
a ni =14.3309
m3 =
N 1
4
xi x

a ni =308.105
m4 =
N 1

A=

E=
Total

214

2515.63

3052.49

65934.64

3.3. Coeficientii de asimetrie

x M0
[ 1;1] ;=-0.3999
s
3( x Me)
=
[ 3;3] ;=-0.2284
s

c as =
c ' as

3.4. Coeficientii lui Bowley

As =

q 2 q1
=0.3175
q 2 + q1

q1 = Qm Qi =3.6092;

q 2 = Qs Qi =6.9667;

3.5. Coeficientii lui Pearson

m32
1 = 6 =4.3987;
s
m
2 = 44 =0.1413;
s
8

m3
m23

=0.3530

m4
3 =-0.7911
m22

3.6. Coeficientii lui Fischer

1 = 1 =2.0973;
2 = 2 3 = -2.8587;

Cap. 4 Ajustarea distributiei experimentale

4.1 Ajustarea distributiei experimentale dupa legea normala
xi

ni

16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
Total

3
9
14
17
29
32
18
15
17
10
17
13
9
7
4
214

-1.875192
-1.582492
-1.289793
-0.997093
-0.704394
-0.411694
-0.118995
0.173705
0.466404
0.759104
1.051804
1.344503
1.637203
1.929902
2.222602

Formule si calcule

i
n

f (U i )

Ui

0.069131
0.114491
0.174090
0.243042
0.311528
0.366621
0.396136
0.392987
0.357946
0.299339
0.229834
0.162022
0.104867
0.062317
0.034000

4
7
11
15
20
23
63
25
22
19
45
10
7
12
2
285

Ui =

f (U i ) =

16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40

ni
3
9
14
17
29
32
18
15
17
10
17
13
9

i
n
4
7
11
15
20
23
63
25
22
19
45
10
7

U i2
2

N a
f (U i )
s
ni = n i

(ni n i ) 2
n i
0.2500
0.5714
0.8182
0.2667
4.0500
3.5217
32.1429
4.0000
1.1364
4.2632
17.4222
0.9000
0.5714

n i =

4.2 Verificarea calitatii ajustarii cu criteriului

xi

xi x
s

Formule si calcule

2
exp
. =

(ni n i ) 2
=14.3313
n i

f = k 1
=
p = 95%
2
teor .

=5%; f=k-1=25

42
44
Total

7
4
214

12
2

2.0833
2.0000
73.9974

2
2
exp
. > teor . nu se ajusteaza

4.3 Ajustarea dupa legea Charlier tip A

xi

ni

Ui

f (U i )

A
E
* f (U i ) 3
* f (U i ) 4 (U i )
6
24

Formule si calcule

i
n

Ui =

xi x
s

16

-1.8752

0.0688

-0.0040

0.0121

0.0769

18

-1.5825

0.1141

0.0053

0.0202

0.1396

20

14

-1.2898

0.1736

0.0178

0.0225

0.2140

13

22

17

-0.9971

0.2427

0.0289

0.0148

0.2864

18

24

29

-0.7044

0.3113

0.0327

-0.0026

0.3414

21

f (U i )

26

32

-0.4117

0.3665

0.0255

-0.0227

0.3693

52

f 4 (U i ) = (U 4 i 6 U i2 + 3)

28

18

-0.1190

0.3961

0.0084

-0.0355

0.3690

23

f (U i )

30

15

0.1737

0.3930

-0.0121

-0.0341

0.3468

22

(U i ) = f (U i )

32

17

0.4664

0.3578

-0.0277

-0.0192

0.3110

19

34

10

0.7591

0.2991

-0.0328

0.0012

0.2674

17

36

17

1.0518

0.2294

-0.0272

0.0170

0.2192

43

38

13

1.3445

0.1616

-0.0154

0.0228

0.1689

11

40

1.6372

0.1044

-0.0033

0.0190

0.1201

23

42

1.9299

0.0620

0.0052

0.0104

0.0776

44

2.2226

0.0337

0.0087

0.0023

0.0447

Total

214

284

10

f (U i ) =

1
2

U i2
2

f 3 (U i ) = (3 U i U i3 )

f 3 (U i ) +

n i =

E
f 4 (U i )
24

N a
(U i ) N
s

4.4 Ajustarea distributiei experimentale dupa distributia Beta

xi

( xi a ) (b xi )

ni

( xi a ) (b nxi )=
c'( xi a ) (b xi ) Formule

b=17
a=47

16

1.0000

33.6735

33.6735

18

2.2659

31.2519

70.8147

11

20

14

3.3146

28.8383

95.5865

15

22

17

4.2582

26.4333

112.5587

18

24

29

5.1344

24.0375

123.4191

20

26

32

5.9619

21.6518

129.0853

21

28

18

6.7515

19.2773

130.1509

21

30

15

7.5106

16.9152

127.0429

20

32

17

8.2442

14.5670

120.0930

19

34

10

8.9560

12.2349

109.5755

18

36

17

9.6488

9.9217

95.7325

15

38

13

10.3250

7.6313

78.7931

13 = n 1 =1.0443

40

10.9864

5.3701

58.9982

9 c' =

42

11.6343

3.1499

36.6465

44

12.2701

1.0000

12.2701

1334.4403

213

Total

214

11

x rel . =

si calcule

x a
=0.4604
b a

2
s cor
.
s rel . =
=0.05187
(b a ) 2
x rel .
k=
=0.8533
1 x rel .
k
1
2
=2.0443
s rel . (1 + k ) 2
n=
1+ k
m = k n =1.7445
= m 1 =0.7445

N
= 0.020007
( xi a) (b xi )

n i = c'*(x i a ) * (b x i )

Cap.5 Analiza corelatiei

5.1 Coeficientul de corelatie procedeul momentelor var. I

Seria X
1
2

nx

3
9
14
17
29
32
18
15
17
10
17
13
9
7
4

Total
a
b
s
d

214

m1'
m2'
m2
media
s
s%

-1.5935
14.2944
11.7553
30.8131
6.8572
22.2542

3
12
26
43
72
104
122
137
-

Seria Y
1

ny

3
15
41
84
156
260
382
519
-

60
50
33
20
11
4

178
118
68
35
15
4

519
178
697
341

941
240
1181
701

4
10
12
12
14
15
13
15
16
23
20
20
18
12
7

4
14
26
38
52
67
80
95
-

nz

4
18
44
82
134
201
281
376
-

100
77
57
37
19
7

297
197
120
63
26
7

376
297
673
79

764
413
1177
351

211

0.3744
14.3460
14.2058
0.3744
7.5381
2013.3444

1
3
5
6
6
7
6
6
9
5
7
6
12
3
10
10
5
7
16
12
14
8
13
13
7
8
6
9
3
223

-4.6637
76.0717
54.3219

12

Seria Z
1

1
4
9
15
21
28
34
40
49
54
61

1
5
14
29
50
78
112
152
201
255
316

156
144
141
131
121
116
109
93
81
67
59
46
33
26
18
12
3

1356
1200
1056
915
784
663
547
438
345
264
197
138
92
59
33
15
3

316
1356
1672
-1040

897
6749
7646
-5852

nu

1
3
5
13
25
33
35
49
56
36
37
39
45
40
43
37
24
18
16
12
14
8
13
13
7
8
6
9
3
648

Seria T
1
4
9
22
47
80
115
164
220
256
293

1
5
14
36
83
163
278
442
662
918
1211

316
271
231
188
151
127
109
93
81
67
59
46
33
26
18
12
3

1838
1522
1251
1020
832
681
554
445
352
271
204
145
99
66
33
15
3

1211
1831
3042
-620

2602
7493
10095
-4891

si = a i + bi ; d i = a i bi ; m1 ' =

x = x0 + a x m1x '
; s

y = y0 + a y m1y '
r=

m2 z m2 x m2 y
2 m2 x m2 y

d1
S + 2 S2
; m2 ' = 1
; m2 = m2 '(m1 ' ) 2 ;
N
N

= a x m2 x

s y = a y m2 y

; s x% =

sy
sx
100 ; s y % = 100 ; s 2 = a 2 m2 ;
y
x

=0.8997;

5.2 Coeficientii de corelatie procedeul sumelor var. II

Seria X
nx'

nx

nx''

Seria Y
nx'

nx

nx''

Seria Z
nx'

nx

nx''

4
7
9
13
17
10
17
15
18
32
29
17
14
9
3

4
11
20
33
50
60
77
92
110
142
171
188
202
211
214

4
15
35
68
118
178
255
347
457
599
770
958
1160
1371
1585

4
10
12
12
14
15
13
15
16
23
20
20
18
12
7

4
14
26
38
52
67
80
95
111
134
154
174
192
204
211

4
18
44
82
134
201
281
376
487
621
775
949
1141
1345
1556

1
3
5
6
6
7
6
6
9
5
7
6
12
3
10
10
5
7
16
12
14
8
13
13
7
8
6
9
3
2

1
4
9
15
21
28
34
40
49
54
61
67
79
82
92
102
107
114
130
142
156
164
177
190
197
205
211
220
223
225

1
5
14
29
50
78
112
152
201
255
316
383
462
544
636
738
845
959
1089
1231
1387
1551
1728
1918
2115
2320
2531
2751
2974
3199

214

1585

7920

211

1556

8014

225

3199

30574

13

m2 x =

2 n x ' ' n x '

n x '

N =11.7553;

m2 y =

2 n y ' ' n y '

n y '

N = 14.2058;

m2 z =

2 n z ' ' n z '

n z '

N = 55.4059;

r=

m2 z m2 x m2 y
2 m2 x m2 y

= 1.13928;

14

5.2 Raportul de corelatie

n

xi/yi

1
27

26
25
24

17

24

10

10

14

18

11

10

19

17

29

30

13

18

17

24

10

21

17

14

17

11

18

11

16

13

15

16

15

10

16

10

32

2
3

17

12
6

29

10

20

15

14

18
-

16

22
-

15

18
-

10

23
21

15

15

15

21

36

51

22

58

109

25

83

192

51

134

326

38

172

498

39

211

45

36

229

45

193

554

44

148

361

36

104

213

15

12

10

38

68

109

14

19

30

41

11

11

11

196

13 1

12 2

Ni

14

17

29

32

18

15

17

ai

36

45

bi

25

53

80

107

96

40

14

si

25

53

80

107

96

76

59

di

-5 - -25 8.3
333
69.44
33 444 -

-53

-80

-107

-96

-4

394.7
931

0.888
889

di2/Ni -

200.6
429 -

376.4
706 -

288

10
64

68

31

60

64.06
667

15

17
46

47

45

211.7
647 -

202.5-

13

44

44

44
113.8
824-

32

32

32
78.76
923-

7
27

27

27

81-

4
17

269 570

434 753

17

703 1323

17

-106

41.28
571-

16-

16

5.3 Testarea semnificatiei coeficientului de corelatie

Fexp

r2
=
N 2 = 60.675
1 r

Fteor

f1=N-2=485
f2=K-1=14
= 5%

Fteor=2.1
Fexp > Fteor . val. autentica a coeficientului de corelatie

5.4 Testarea semnificatiei raportului de corelatie

Fexp =
Fteor

2
N k

= 22.5011
2
k 1
1

f1=N-K=470
f2=K-1=14

Fteor=2.16

= 5%
Fexp > Fteor . val. semnificativa a raportului de corelatie

17

Cap.6 Analiza regresiei

6.1 Parametrii dreptei de regresie
xi

ni

yi

x i ni

x i ni

y i ni

y i ni x i

i
y

y i = y i y i

ni y i

ni y i

16

0.00

48

768

9.02

-9.02

-27.05

243.89

18

2.21

162

2916

19.92857

358.7142

10.32

-8.11

-72.95

591.28

20

14

6.29

280

5600

88.11764

1762.352

11.62

-5.33

-74.60

397.56

22

17

11.93

374

8228

202.8275

4462.206

12.93

-1.00

-16.92

16.84

24

29

17.00

696

16704

493

11832

14.23

2.77

80.34

222.57

26

32

17.78

832

21632

568.8888

14791.11

15.53

2.24

71.83

161.25

28

18

19.33

504

14112

348

9744

16.84

2.50

44.95

112.23

30

15

20.41

450

13500

306.1764

9185.294

18.14

2.27

34.08

77.44

32

17

21.00

544

17408

357

11424

19.44

1.56

26.47

41.22

34

10

22.41

340

11560

224.1176

7620

20.75

1.67

16.66

27.74

36

17

23.54

612

22032

400.1538

14405.53

22.05

1.49

25.31

37.69

38

13

24.00

494

18772

312

11856

23.35

0.65

8.41

5.44

40

24.57

360

14400

221.1428

8845.714

24.66

-0.08

-0.76

0.06

42

25.00

294

12348

175

7350

25.96

-0.96

-6.72

6.44

44

0.00

176

7744

-27.26

-109.05

2973.0

Total

214

235.48

6166

18772

3716.353

113636.9

27.26
272.0
9

a= -1.410144
b= 0.651658
ni y i ;
yi =
ni

( y i y i )

a ni + b ni xi = ni yi
= min
2
a ni xi + b ni xi = ni xi yi

a, b y i = a + b xi ;

-36.61

= y i ; ni y i+ = ni y i ;

18

4914.7

6.3 Intervalul de incredere al dreptei de regresie

xi

i
y

ni

( xi x ) 2

( x i x ) 2 ni

1 ( xi x ) 2
+
N
Qx

s y

t s y

Limitele
intervalului
y i t s y y i + t s y

16

9.0164

164.1751

492.5254

0.0210

0.2995

0.5870

8.4294

9.6034

18

10.3197

116.9228

1052.3051

0.0163

0.2639

0.5172

9.8025

10.8369

20

14

11.6230

77.6705

1087.3863

0.0124

0.2301

0.4510

11.1720

12.0740

22

17

12.9263

46.4181

789.1080

0.0093

0.1992

0.3904

12.5359

13.3168

24

29

14.2297

23.1658

671.8076

0.0070

0.1726

0.3384

13.8913

14.5680

26

32

15.5330

7.9134

253.2302

0.0055

0.1527

0.2994

15.2336

15.8323

28

18

16.8363

0.6611

11.8999

0.0047

0.1423

0.2789

16.5574

17.1152

30

15

18.1396

1.4088

21.1315

0.0048

0.1434

0.2811

17.8585

18.4207

32

17

19.4429

10.1564

172.6594

0.0057

0.1558

0.3054

19.1375

19.7483

34

10

20.7462

26.9041

269.0410

0.0073

0.1772

0.3473

20.3990

21.0935

36

17

22.0496

51.6518

878.0799

0.0098

0.2047

0.4012

21.6483

22.4508

38

13

23.3529

84.3994

1097.1925

0.0131

0.2362

0.4630

22.8898

23.8159

40

24.6562

125.1471

1126.3238

0.0171

0.2704

0.5300

24.1262

25.1862

42

25.9595

173.8948

1217.2633

0.0220

0.3063

0.6003

25.3592

26.5598

44
Total

4
214

27.2628

230.6424
Qx=

922.5697
10062.5234

0.0276

0.3434

0.6730

26.5898

27.9359

Q x = ni ( xi x ) 2 =10062.5234;
N 1
s o2 = s y2
(1 r 2 ) =-4.2731;
N 2
s 0 = s 02

s y = s 0

y=
sy

=2.06716;
1 ( xi x ) 2
+
=0.2178;
N
Qx

ni * y i
= 18.3744;
ni
( y i y ) 2 * n i
=
= 14.2734;
N 1

19

6.5 Precizia dreptei de regresie

6.5.1 Media aritmetica
n * y
y = i i y = 17.3661
ni
6.5.2 Reziduu mediu patrat
ni * ( y i y i ) 2
=
N 1

s y x =

ni * 2 y i
=4.8035
N 1

6.5.3 Reziduu mediu patrat exprimat procentual(%)

s y x
100 =27.6602%;
y

s y x % =

6.5.4 Eroarea standard a dreptei de regresie

s y =
x

s y x
N

= 0.3283

6.5.5 Examinarea semnificatiei coeficientului de regresie liniar

sb =

s0
sx N 1

t bexp =

=0.02072;

b
=31.4370;
sb

f = N 1
;t
tbteor. =
= 5%

bteor .

= 1,96 ;

texp>tteor o valoare autentica a coef. de regresie lineara.

20

ni

1.2.2 Cuartilele. Procedeu grafic

250
200
150
100
50
0
17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45
Lim.Sup. a claselor de diametre

21

35

ni

1.3.2 Modulul. Procedeul grafic

30
25
20
15
10
5
0
17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45
Linia claselor de diametre

22

35

1.4 Reprezentare grafica a distr. experimentale

30
25
20
ni

15
10
5
0
16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
xi

23

35

4.6 Reprezentarea grafica a distributiei experimentale si a distributiei teoretice

distr. experimentala
distr. normala
distr. Beta
distr. Charlier tip A

30

25

20

15

10

0
5

13

18

21

23

23

22

24

19

17

14

11

30.00

6.2 Reprezentare grafica a datelor initiale si a dreptei de regresie

dreapta de
regresie
date initiale

25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
16 18 20 22

24 26 28 30 32 34 36

25

38 40 42 44

6.4 Repr. grafica a dreptei de regresie si a intervalului de incredere corespunzatoare

30
25
20
15
10
5

intervalul de incredere
sup.
dreapta de regresie
Intervalul de incredere inf

0
16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44

26

27