Noi nu suntem urma[ii Romei

EI, TRACII, AU FOST DACI...

UERUHOH WUDFLF QXPCUC SHVWH  GH WULEXUL HVHQ@LDOH ILLQG FHOH DOH 'DFLORU *H@LORU 5DPDQLORU %HVVLORU PHWDOXUJL>WL /DWLQLORU HWF 'LR &DVLXV D VSXV >L LDUC>L VC QX XLWCP FC 7UDLDQ  7URLDQ D IRVW WUDF YHULWDELO /XSWHOH GLQWUH 7UDLDQ >L 'HFHEDO DX IRVW UC]ERDLH IUDWULFLGH LDU 7UDFLL DX IRVW 'DFL 'XSC 0LUFHD (OLDGH QXPCUXO UDPXULORU JLJDQWLFXOXL DUERUH XPDQ DO WUDFLORU VH ULGLFC OD FFD  'LF@LRQDU DO 5HOLJLLORU S  3URI 'XPLWUX %COD>D D DOFCWXLW XQ WDEHO DO DFHVWRUD QXPCUkQG QX PDL SX@LQ GH  GH UDPXUL WUDFLFH YH]L DUD 6RDUHOXL VDX ,VWRULD 'DFR5RPkQLHL HG .DJDLRQ  +HURGRW  ?G+ FRQVLGHUD 1HDPXO WUDFLORU HVWH FHO PDL QXPHURV GLQ OXPH WUDFLL DX PXOWH QXPH GXSC UHJLXQL GDU RELFHLXULOH VXQW FDP DFHOHD>L OD WR@L )RQWHV ,  'XSC YLFWRULD JUHFLORU GH OD 0DUDWRQ DVXSUD 3HU>LORU UHJHOH ;HU[HV  ?G+ v>L FRQVWUXLH>WH R PDUH DUPDWC ?Q FDUH VH PHQ@LRQHD]C GH FCWUH +HURGRW >L SUH]HQ@D WUDFLORU %LWKLQL GLQ QRUGYHVWXO $VLHL 0LFL DFH>WLD VXQW GHVFUL>L DVWIHO 7UDFLL vQVR@HDX H[SHGL@LD SXUWkQG SH FDS FCFLXOL GLQ EODQC GH YXOSH vPEUCFD@L FX KLWRDQH SHVWH FDUH VH vQIC>XUDX FX PDQWDOH YLX FRORUDWH Q SLFLRDUH >L SHVWH SXOSH DYHDX R vQFCO@CPLQWH GLQ SLHOH GH FCSULRDUC &D DUPH DX VXOL@H VFXWXUL X>RDUH >L SXPQDOH PLFL 2YLGLX vQ 7ULVWHOH vL VXUSULQGH SH WUDFLL JHWRGDFL DVWIHO L YH]L FCOCUL YHQLQG >L GXFkQGXVH SULQ PLMORFXO GUXPXULORU QWUH HL QXL QLFL XQXO FDUH VC QX SRDUWH WROEC DUF >L VCJH@L vQJCOEHQLWH GH YHQLQXO YLSHUHL $X JODV DVSUX FKLS VCOEDWLF >L VXQW FHD PDL DGHYCUDWC vQWUXFKLSDUH D OXL 0DUWH 3CUXO >L EDUED ORU QDX IRVW WXQVH QLFLRGDWC 0kQD ORU GUHDSWC H WRWGHDXQD JDWD VC vQILJC FX@LWXO SH FDUH vO DUH OHJDW OD >ROG RULFH ECUEDW Q DQXO  ?G+ 3HU>LL OXL &\UXV DX vQIUkQW 5HJDWXO /\GLHL 7UDFLFH GLQ $VLD 0LFC H[WLQ]aQGX>L VWCSkQLUHD VSUH QRUGYHVW SkQC OD @CUPXO VXGLF DO 0CULL 0DUPDUD

85

)LJ &RQGXFWD GDFLFC YHFKH GH SHVWH  GH DQL FDUH SHUIRUHD]C PXQWHOH DGXFkQG DSD VCWHQLORU GLQ 0@LL 2UC>WLHL )HWHOH $OEH &RQGXFWD D IRVW GHVFRSHULWC vQ OXQD PDL  GH FCWUH 3ULHWHQXO 'DFLORU $QGUHL 9DUWLF DMXWDW GH FCOCX]D $GULDQ 6WRLFRY

86

Noi nu suntem urma[ii Romei

5HJHOH SHUVDQ 'DULXV ,  ?G+ D vQWUHSULQV R H[SHGL@LH OD QRUG GH 'XQCUH LDU GXSC DFHOD>L +HURGRW VLQJXULL WUDFL FDUH VDX OXSWDW FX HO DX IRVW JH@LL GLQ 6F\WKLD 0LQRU 'REURJHD QHOCVkQGXO SH DFHVWD VC VH VWDELOHDVFC DFROR /DX DWDFDW WUDFLL GLQ 0XQ@LL 3DQJDLRQ FkW >L WUDFLL RGRPDQWL VWDELOL@L PDL OD QRUG SCVWUkQGX>L DVWIHO LQGHSHQGHQ@D 3HQLQVXOD 7UDFLFC D &KHUVRQHVXOXL &+(5621(6 )LLL &HUXOXL FHL GRL =DOPR[LV vQ GHFXUVXO DJLWD@LHL LVWRULHL YD WUHFH GH OD SHU>L OD JUHFL &RQIHGHUD@LD WULEDOC D WUDFLORU  RGULVL FDUH DYXVHVH R HYROX@LH VWUCOXFLWRDUH YD IL GHVILLQ@DWC vQ XUPD XQXL UC]ERL IUDWULFLG GH UHJHOH PDFHGRQHDQ )LOLS DO,,OHD $FHVWD YD vQWUHSULQGH R H[SHGL@LH vQ @LQXWXULOH 'XQCULL GH -RV  ?G+ XQGH UHJHOH JHW .RWKHODV LD GDWR SH ILLFD VD 0HGD GH VR@LH $FHLD>L WUDFLPDFHGRQHQL GXSC FH LDX vQYLQV SH VFL@L vQFCUFD@L GH SUL]RQLHUL >L YLWH vQWRUFkQGXVH DFDVC WUDYHUVkQG 0XQ@LL +DHPXV %DOFDQL DX IRVW DWDFD@L GH WUDFLL WULEDOL FDUH OHDX OXDW WRDWC SUDGD UCQLQGXO JUDY OD SLFLRU SH vQVX>L )LOLS DO ,,OHD 3DWUX DQL PDL WkU]LX XQ WkQCU WUDFPDFHGRQHDQ ILXO OXL )LOLS DO ,,OHD $OH[DQGUX 0DFHGRQ  ?G+ YD IDFH >L HO R LQFXUVLXQH vQ UHJLXQLOH GH OD QRUG GH %DOFDQL vQ DUD =HLORU  'DFLD >L SUHFXP WDWCO VCX YD GD OXSWH JUHOH vPSRWULYD IUD@LORU JHWR GDFL DO FCURU UHJH 6\UPRV GLQ 6RDUH VH EDULFDGDVH SH XQ RVWURY DO 'XQCULL FXQRVFXW D]L FD 3CFXLXO OXL 6RDUH SH FDUH SHUVRQDO ODP FROLQGDW SULQ DQLL  >L ODP JCVLW L]RODW >L VWUDQLX 2 HFKLSC GH DUKHRORJL OXFUDX FX VHULR]LWDWH >LPL H[SOLFDX FX SOCFHUH >L PkQGULH PLH >L SULHWHQXOXL PHX DJURQRP 0LKDL 3CSX>RL GHVSUH PLVWHUHOH ORFXOXL (UDP SH DWXQFL XQ WkQDU GRFWRU DO FRPXQHL 5RVHWL MXG &COCUD>L D>WHSWkQG VC PDL WUHDFC XQ DQ SHQWUX DPL vQFHSH VWDJLDWXUD vQ FKLUXUJLH OD %XFXUH>WL OD SURI -XYDUD O FLWLVHP GHMD GH FkWHYD RUL SH 1LFRODH 'HQVX>LDQX D>D FC GLVFX@LLOH QRDVWUH DX IRVW DSULQVH GDU SROLWLFRDVH 'HVSUH UHJHOH 6\UPRV QX DX]LVHP >L QLFL GHVSUH vQIUkQJHUHD OXL GH PDL WkU]LX GDU RULJLQHD JHWRGDFC D QXPHOXL OXL $OH[DQGUX HL QX R >WLDX 6C QH RSULP SX@LQ VCL YHGHP SURYHQLHQ@D $OH[DQ'URV &HO -HUWILW &HUEXOXL SUHFXP &HUEXO OXL 2UIHX L VD PDL ]LV >L 'URV &HUEXO >L vQ DPLQWLUHD VDFULILFLXOXL VCX VD FRQVWUXLW WHULELOD WUDGL@LH JHWLFC D WULPLWHULL XQXL 6RO &XUDW OD FHUXUL YH]L $ %XFXUHVFX 'DFLD 6HFUHWC S 

87

'HFL $OH[DQGUX HVWH XQ IRDUWH YHFKL QXPH SHODVJLF FDUSDWR GXQCUHDQ >L HVWH ELQH FD OXPHD VC R >WLH (O HUD PHVDJHUXO FDUH RGDWC OD  DQL HUD ]YkUOLW vQWUH VXOL@H >L SULQ PRDUWHD OXL GXFHD =HXOXL 6XSUHP PHVDMXO SRSRUXOXL VCX &DUSDWRGXQCUHQLL vQ HYROX@LD ORU VDX UCVSkQGLW vQ MXUXO QXFOHXOXL FHWC@LL QDWXUDOH D 0XQ@LORU &DUSD@L PXQ@L JUHX GH WUHFXW XQGH DXUXO DUJLQWXO >L VDUHD VH JCVHDX GLQ EHO>XJ (L FDUSDWRGXQCUHQLL VDX UCVSkQGLW SHVWH WRDWC (XURSD &HQWUDOC GH OD $OSLL $XVWULHFL >L GLQ &kPSLD %DYDULHL SkQC vQ 3RGL>XULOH *DOL@LHL 2ULHQWDOH >L SkQC vQ 6WHSD 'REURJHL LDU GH DFROR SkQC SHVWH WRDWC D>D]LVD 5XVLH 0HULGLRQDOC GH OD 1LVWUX >L SkQC vQ .XEDQ YH]L 7UDFLL FLPPHULHQL $VLD 0LFC ,QVXOHOH 0CULL 7UDFLFH (JHH FDUH DX IRVW OD vQFHSXW SRSXODWH GH HL SHODVJLLWUDFLLDULHQLL FDUSDWRGDQXELHQL DMXQJkQG SkQC vQ QRUGXO $IULFLL YH]L *$5$0$1,, 'DU GDFC LVWRULD D IRVW D>D GH JHQHURDVC FX QHDPXO QRVWUX WUDFLF QX DFHOD>L OXFUX VH vQWkPSOC >L FX LVWRULFLL FRQWHPSRUDQL %XOJDULL DSDUHQW XQ SRSRU VODY VRVLW GH GHSDUWH GLQ $VLD VH UHGHVFRSHUC D]L QHPDLFRQVLGHUkQGXVH LQYDGDWRULL VRVL@L vQ VHFROXO 9, G+ FL QLFL PDL PXOW QLFL PDL SX@LQ GHFkW XUPD>LL WUDFLORU (L QX YRU VC PDL DLEC QLPLF vQ FRPXQ FX QHDPXO VODY RU YXOJDU EXOJDUPRQJRORLG GH OD 9ROJD &LWLQGXL SH DFDG 9 *HRUJLHY SURI $ )RO >L SH SURI *, *HRUJLHY GHVFRSHUL FC QLFL QX DX H[LVWDW WUDFL OD QRUG GH 'XQCUH LDU HL EXOJDULL DX GHYHQLW WUDFL D>D WDPQHVDP SULQ  H[WLQ]kQGX>L LVWRULD FX FkWHYD PLL GH DQL L FkQG WH JkQGH>WL FC SkQC FaQG ILLFD IRVWXOXL ORU SUH>HGLQWH -LYNRY VC GHYHQC LVWRULRJUDIC GH OLFHX HL EXOJDULL FUHGHDX FC VXQW VODYL OD RULJLQH 'XSC FXP YHGH@L QX QXPDL $FDGHPLFLHQLL 3URIHVRUL GH ,VWRULH VFKLPEC LVWRULD FL >L IHWHOH SUH>HGLQ@LORU FRPXQL>WL  >L SHQWUX FH SHQWUX QL>WH LQWHUHVH JHRSROLWLFH 1X DU IL IRVW PXOW PDL VLPSOX VC VH PkQGUHDVFC FC QHDX FRWURSLW vQ VHFROXO DO 9,OHD G+ QHDX VXEMXJDW >L GHFLPDW OCVkQG vQ XUPC GRDU XQ QXPCU PLF GH VXSUDYLH@XLWRUL PHJOHQRURPaQLL &kQG YRUEH>WL R OLPEC VODYRQC DSCUXWC IRDUWH WkU]LX vQ LVWRULD OXPLL FXP SR@L VSXQH FC H>WL WUDF 'HD OXQJXO UkXOXL 0DUL@D WUCLDX WUDFLL RGULVLL QXPHOH ORU ILLQG PHQ@LRQDW SkQC vQ VHFROXO ,,, ?G+

88

Noi nu suntem urma[ii Romei

'H DVHPHQHD GHD OXQJXO UkXOXL 6WUXPD WUCLDX PHGLL  WULE GLQ FDUH VH WUCJHD >L VWUCPR>XO 126758 6SDUWDFXV WUDF FH D FOCWLQDW >L vQVSCLPkQWDW 5RPD 1CVFXW vQ MXUXO DQXOXL  ?G+ DEVRUELW vQ DUPDWD URPDQC >LD SHUPLV XQ PLFFRQFHGLX SH FRQW SURSULX D IRVW SULQV >L WUDQIRUPDW vQ VFODYJODGLDWRU )LLQG OD >FRDOD GLQ &DSXD H[FHOHQW SUHJCWLW >L FX VXIOHW WUDF QX D DFFHSWDW LGHHD GH D PXUL SH DUHQC SHQWUX VDWLVIDF@LD VWCSkQLORU D>D FC D HYDGDW vPSUHXQC FX DO@L  GH FDPDUD]L DOFCWXLQGX>L R PLFC DUPDWC FX FDUH D UHX>LW VC FODWLQH ,PSHULXO 5RPDQ GH DWXQFL 6SDLPD LD REOLJDW SH URPDQL vQYLQ>L GH FkWHYD RUL GH DUPDWD WUDFXOXL 6SDUWDFXV VC WULPLWC vPSRWULYD DFHVWXLD SH 0DUFXV /LFLQLXV &UDVVXV >L SH 3RPSHL DGXV VSHFLDO GLQ 6SDQLD QYLQV GH R DUPDWC HQRUPC 6SDUWDFXV PRDUH YLWHMH>WH vQ DQXO  ?G+ OkQJC 6LODU Uk]kQG IHULFLW ?Q FOLSD PRU@LL FD WR@L GDFLL ,VWRULD VFKLPEC FkWHRGDWC vQ@HOHVXO XQRU VLPEROXUL D>D FC QXPHOH HURXOXL QRVWUX WUDF HVWH SUHOXDW GH JHUPDQLL VRFLDOL>WL FDUH vQILLQ@HD]C GXSC SULPXO UC]ERL PRQGLDO /LJD OXL 6SDUWDFXV 6SDUWDNXVEXQG $FH>WLD vQ IUXQWH FX 5RVD /X[HPEXUJ >L &DURO /LHENQHFKW YRU WUDQVIRUPD OD  GHFHPEULH  /LJD OXL 6SDUWDFXV vQ 3DUWLGXO &RPXQLVW *HUPDQ &H LURQLH D VRDUWHL 'DU WRW HL JHUPDQLL OD QXPDL Fk@LYD DQL YRU DYHD R QRXC LGHH DFHHD GH D IXUD 6LPEROXO 9LH@LL 9H>QLFH =YDVWLFD 3HODVJLFC WUDQVIRUPkQGR vQWUXQ VLPERO DO LQWROHUDQ@HL >L FUX]LPLL PDQLIHVWDW vQ FHO PDL H[WUHPLVW VHQV FUHkQG PDUWLUL vQ SURSRU@LH GH PDVC $VWIHO YHFKL VLPEROXUL SUHOXDWH >L IRORVLWH QHFRUHVSXQ]CWRU v>L SLHUG DSDUHQW YDORDUHD FXP VD vQWkPSODW >L FX YHFKLXO VHPQ KLWLW FDUSDWRGDQXELDQ DO YXOWXUXOXL FX GRXC FDSHWH 3UHOXDW GH %L]DQ@ DSRL GH KXQL OD IRUPDUHD ,PSHULXOXL $XVWUR8QJDU HWF HWF SHQWUX FD vQ ]LOHOH QRDVWUH VC UHGHYLQC DFWXDO ILLQG SUHOXDW GH QRXO VWDW UXV 6C QXL XLWCP SH RGULVL WULE WUDFLF GLQ ]RQD 0XQ@LORU 5RGRSL FDUH VDX UCVFXODW vPSRWULYD ,PSHULXOXL 5RPDQ vQ DQXO  G+ /DVkQGXL OD R SDUWH SH EXOJDULL WUDFL]D@L SHVWH QRDSWH GH LVWRULFD ILLFC D OXL -LYNRY >L DO@L LVWRULFL GHDL ORU VC PHUJHP FHYD PDL OD VXGXO WHULWRULXOXL WUDFLF 3URI XQLYHUVLWDU GU 'HFHEDO %XFXUHVFX vO PHQ@LRQHD]C SH +HURGRW ,VWRULL ,,  FDUH VSXQHD (ODGD QD *UHFLD @LQXW FDUH PDL vQDLQWH YUHPH VH QXPHD 3HODVJLD

89

(L JUHFLL VRVL@L vQWUH DQLL  ?G+ vQ  YDOXUL DKHLL LRQLHQLL GRULHQLL HROLHQLL QHDX JCVLW DFDVC SH QRL SHODVJLL FDUSDWRGDQXELHQL QXPLQGXVH WUDFL QXPH SULPD RDUC PHQ@LRQDW GH DFHOD>L +HURGRW (L QHDX vQYLQV GH PDL PXOWH RUL UHX>LQG VC RFXSH SDUWHD VXGLFC D 3HQLQVXOHL %DOFDQLFH 'H OD QRL DX OXDW DSRL $VLD 0LFC YH]L UC]ERLXO vPSRWULYD WUDFLORUUDPDQL ORFXLWRUL DL 7URLHL >L vQ VIkU>LW RFXSkQGXQH LQVXOHOH GLQ 0DUHD 7UDFLFC JUHFLL VFKLPEkQGXL QXPHOH vQ 0DUHD (JHH YH]L UC]ERLXO GXV GH JUHFL VXE FRQGXFHUHD OXL 7HULVWRFOH  ?G+ vPSRWULYD WUDFLORUVLQWKLRQL GLQ LQVXOD /HPQRV 5HYDQ>D vPSRWULYD JUHFLORU QHD IRVW DGXVC GH WUDFXOSHODVJ PDFHGRQ $OH[DQGUX  ?G+ FDUH FXFHUH>WH *UHFLD >L FRQIRUP WUDGL@LLORU WLPSXOXL vL DQJDMHD]C SH vQYLQ>L vQ WUXSHOH VDOH $FHVWD UHFRQVWUXLH>WH vQWUR SHULRDGC IRDUWH VFXUWC 0DUHOH ,PSHULX 3HODVJLF UHFXFHUH>WH (JLSWXO 0HVRSRWDPLD 3HUVLD ,QGLD FDSLWDOD DFHVWXL 0DUH ,PSHULX 3(/$6*,& UHvQYLDW ILLQG OD 3HOD 9UHPHD D WUHFXW >L GXSC  GH DQL GH DVWC GDWC LVWRULFLL JUHFL vO UHGHVFRSHUC SH PDFHGRQXO $OH[DQGUX FD ILLQG JUHF >L vO SXQ vQ 3DQWKHQRQ GXSC  GH DQL  'DU QLFL EXOJDULL QX VH ODVC >LO DGMXGHFC >L HL SH VWUCPR>XO $OH[DQGUX FRQVLGHUkQGXO XQXO GLQ FHL PDL PDUL JHQHUDOL EXOJDUL DL DQWLFKLWC@LL

8QGH H>WL WX $OH[DQGUX 'RDPQH &D SXQkQG PkQD SH HL 6CL vPSDU@L vQ GRXC WDEHUL 'H QHEXQL >L GH PL>HL
QWUH WLPS SHODVJLL DX GHYHQLW >L HL JUHFL SUHFXP >L WUDFLL  R IL JUH>LW +HURGRW FkQG vL FRQVLGHUD SH WUDFL FD ILLQG DOW QHDP GHFkW JUHFLL ,VWRULH LVWRULH LVWRULH  VCUDFC LVWRULH 6LQJXULL FDUH QX >L ODX UHYHQGLFDW SH $OH[DQGUX FD ILLQGXOH QHDP >L VWUCPR>  VXQW GDFRURPDQLL

&DSXO FH VH SOHDFC 6DELD QX vO WDLH 'DU FX XPLOLQ@C /DQ@XO vQFRYRDLH

90

Noi nu suntem urma[ii Romei

+HURGRW vQ ,VWRULL 9 VSXQHD GH OD 3CGXUHD +HUFLQLFD OLPLWD YHVWLFC D VSD@LXOXL SHODVJRWUDFLF WUHFH SULQ $OSLL 5CVCULWHQL RFROLQG 1RULFXP SURYLQFLH FX SRSXOD@LL SUHGRPLQDQW GDFLFH >L FHOWRJHUPDQLFH >L DSRL FRERUkQG OD $TXLOHHD D]L 7HU]R G$TXLOHLD  ,WDOLD vQ JROIXO YHQH@LORU 'H DLFL OLPLWD YHVWLFC VXG YHVWLFC D VSD@LXOXL SHODVJRWUDFLF XUPCUHD @CUPXO 0DULL $GULDWLFH vQWUHJ @CUPXO GH YHVW DO 3HQLQVXOHL %DOFDQLFH SkQC vQ &UHWD 3RSXOD@LLOH QHDPXULOH SHODVJRWUDFLFH GH OD 0DUHD $GULDWLFC GLQ @LQXWXULOH LOLULFH DWLQJHDX SRWULYLW LQIRUPD@LLORU OXL 6WUDERQ GLQ *HRJUDILD 9,,   ,VWUXO >L $OSLL GLQWUH ,WDOLD >L *HUPDQLD SRSXOD@LLOH SHODVJRWUDFRLOLULFH vQFHS GH OD DFHO ODF QD HVWH YRUED GH ODFXO &RQVWDQ@D GLQ (OYH@LD GH D]L DOCWXUL GH FDUH ORFXLHVF YLQGHOLFLL UHWLL >L KHOYH@LL $PLQWLWXO WHULWRULX $OSLQR3DQRQLFR ,OLULF GDFLL ODX SUHICFXW vQWUXQ SXVWLX vQ XUPD UC]ERLXOXL vQ FDUH LDX ELUXLW SH ERL >L SH WDXULVFL  VHPH@LL FHOWLFH GH VXE VWCSkQLUHD OXL &ULWDVLURV 'DFLL SUHWLQG FC @LQXWXO DFHVWD DU IL DO ORU FX WRDWH FC HVWH GHVSCU@LW GH HL SULQ UkXO 3DULVRV QD  3DDU GH D]L vQ *HUPDQLD FDUH YLQH GLQ PXQ@L >L VH YDUVC vQ ,VWUX 'XQCUH 2ULJLQHD DFHVWXL SRSRU WUDFLF FCUXLD JHRJUDILD >L FRQGL@LLOH FOLPDWLFH LDX KCUC]LW FXORDUHD DOEC D SLHOLL PHQ@LQXWC FX WRDWH LQYD]LLOH vQFUXFL>CULOH >L VXSUDSXQHULOH RULHQWDOH VH FRQIXQGC FX FHD D DULHQLORU FDUSDWRGDQXELHQL D YHFKLORU SHODVJL vQWHPHLHWRUL DL (XURSHL PRGHUQH GH D]L Q XOWLPD YUHPH WRW PDL PXO@L FHUFHWCWRUL VXQW GH SCUHUH FC OHDJCQXO YHFKLL (XURSH HVWH VSD@LXO &DUSDWR'XQCUHDQ 0DULMD *LPEXWDV vQ WLPS FH 3 %RVFK *LPSHUD FRQVLGHUC FC VSD@LXO GLQ FDUH DX SRUQLW SRSRDUHOH HXURSHQH HVWH VLWXDW SH WHULWRULXO GLQWUH 9DOHD 'XQCULL 0DUHD (JHH 0DUHD 7UDFLORU >L 0DUHD 1HDJUC 0DUHD *HWLFC ,VWRULFLORU >L DUKHRORJLORU OL VDX DOCWXUDW >L XQLL OLQJYL>WL SULQWUH FDUH WUHEXLH DPLQWLW 9ODGLPLU *HRUJLHY ,PSRUWDQ@D WUDFLORU >L D VSD@LXOXL WUDFLF D IRVW VXEOLQLDWC >WLLQ@LILF SULPD RDUC GH FCWUH 9DVLOH 3kUYDQ 1CVFXW OD  VHSW  vQ FCWXQXO 3HUFKLX GLQ &RPXQD +XUXLH>WL -XG 7HFXFL ILX DO XQXL vQYC@CWRU UXUDO 9DVLOH 3kUYDQ D IRVW XQ DOW vQGUCJRVWLW GH 3UHLVWRULD SRSRUXOXL GDFRURPkQ (O DMXQJH OD  GH DQL PHPEUX DO $FDGHPLHL 5RPkQH SURIHVRU GH LVWRULH DQWLFC OD 8QLYHUVLWDWHD GLQ %XFXUH>WL GLUHFWRU DO 0X]HXOXL 1D@LRQDO GH $QWLFKLWC@L (O HVWH DXWRUXO VLQWH]HL LVWRULFRDUKHRORJLFH GHVSUH SURWRLVWRULD 'DFLHL SH FDUH D LQWLWXODWR *HWLFD Q DFHDVWC OXFUDUH

91

9 3kUYDQ D SXV vQ HYLGHQ@C GRFXPHQWDW >L FRQYLQJCWRU PCUH@LD SRSRUXOXL JHWRGDF (O YD PXUL WLPSXULX vQDLQWH GH D DWLQJH YkUVWD GH  GH DQL OCVkQGXQH XQ WH]DXU QHSUH@XLW RSHUD OXL >WLLQ@LILFC 'LQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH OLQJYLVWLF PXO@L FHUFHWCWRUL VXV@LQ H[LVWHQ@D XQHL OLPEL DULHQH FDUSDWRGDQXELHQH SHODVJLFH FDUH D VWDW OD RULJLQHD OLPELL WUDFLFH FX GLIHULWH YDULDQWH ORFDOH $YkQG vQ YHGHUH OHJCWXULOH vQWUH OLPED KLWWLWC >L OLPELOH DULHQH VH SRDWH DILUPD FC PL>FCUL GH SRSRDUH DX DYXW ORF GH OD DSXV VSUH UCVCULW DGLFC GLQ (XURSD VSUH $VLD >L QX LQYHUV )RUPD YHFKH D FXYLQWHORU KLWLWH FRQVWLWXLH R GRYDGC FC DFH>WLD VDX GHVSULQV GLQ WUXQFKLXO FDUSDWRGDQXELDQ HXURSHDQ SCWUXQ]kQG vQ $VLD 0LFC 6XQW VXILFLHQWH GRYH]L GH QDWXUC DUKHRORJLFC >L DQWURSRORJLFC VSXQH - & 'UCJDQ vQ 1RL 7UDFLL S SHQWUX D vQJCGXL DILUPD@LD FC vQFC GLQ (SRFD 1HROLWLFC vQ VSD@LXO WUDFLF >L vQWUR DULH OLPLWURIC DFHVWXLD H[LVWD R SRSXOD@LH DXWRKWRQC GLQ FDUH v>L WUDJ UCGCFLQLOH SRSRDUHOH LVWRULFH HXURSHQH LDU DFHDVWC SRSXOD@LH SRDWH IL FRQVL GHUDWC GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH OLQJYLVWLF FD SUHDULDQC &RQVLGHUkQG FC LVWRULFLL >L DUKHRORJLL DX QHJOLMDW QHFXYHQLW PLWRORJLD QRDVWUC WUDFR GDFLFC SUHFXP >L DOWH PLWRORJLL FX VFULHUL HSLFH SUHFXP VXQW 9HGHOH >L 8SDQL>DGHOH VDQVFULWH FRQVLGHU FC LQWURGXFHUHD ORU vQ FLUFXLWXO FHUFHWCULORU DU IL vQ DYDQWDMXO QRVWUX DO GDFRURPkQLORU >L vQ VSHFLDO vQ DYDQWDMXO WUHFXWXOXL vQGHSCUWDW DO FRQWLQHQWXOXL HXURSHDQ 6LPSR]LRQXO LQWHUQD@LRQDO GH WUDFRORJLH FDUH D DYXW ORF vQ %XOJDULD  PDL  FX WHPHOH GH PDL MRV VFRDWH ?Q HYLGHQ@C FHOH VSXVH GH QRL PDL ?QDLQWH  &HO PDL YHFKL VLPERO SUHWUDFLF JCVLW vQ OXPH ]YDVWLFD  ?G+  3ULPHOH RUQDPHQWH >L PC>WL GH DXU WUDFLFH JCVLWH vQ OXPH   ?G+ .DUDQRYR 99,   GH WH]DXUH DOH UHJLORU WUDFL  FHOH PDL IUXPRDVH GLQ OXPH  1RL VSOHQGRUL WUDFLFH Q ,OLDGD +RPHU VSXQHD GHVSUH WUDFL $UPDWHOH ORU VWUCOXFHDX GH VFXWXUL GH DXU >L WH]DXUHOH ORU HUDX D>D GH SUH@LRDVH FC UHJHOH 3ULDP UHJH DO 7URLHLWUDFLFH D SXWXW VC LD vQDSRL GH OD JUHFL FDSXO ILXOXL VCX PRUW QXPDL GXSC FH OHD GDW DFHD IDLPRDVC &XSC 7UDFLFC GH $XU 7RDWH PDULOH FLYLOL]D@LL DX vQIORULW SH YCLOH XQRU PDUL IOXYLL >L vQ VSHFLDO OD JXULOH GH YCUVDUH DOH DFHVWRUD FHD HJLSWHDQC SH 1LO FHD PHVRSRWDPLDQC vQWUH 7LJUX >L (XIUDW FHD LQGLDQC SH ,QG >L *DQJH

92

Noi nu suntem urma[ii Romei

FHD FKLQH]C SH )OXYLXO *DOEHQ LDU FHD HXURSHDQC FX YRLD VDX ICUC YRLD PDULORU SURIHVRUL GH LVWRULH >L DUKHRORJLH SH YDOHD 'XQCULL ,VWUXOXL 'DQXELXOXL >L vQ VSHFLDO vQ ]RQD 'HOWHL DFHVWHLD $FHVWD HVWH OHDJCQXO DGHYCUDW DO FLYLOL]D@LHL SURWRHXURSHQH vQ VWUCYHFKHD YDWUC WUDFLFC D &DUSD@LORU D 'XQCULL &DUSDWLFH $LFL YHQHDX JUHFLL vQ DQWLFKLWDWH VC>L FDXWH /kQD GH $XU >L ERJC@LLOH DJULFROH GXQCUHQH $LFL VD GH]YROWDW IDLPRDVD (RSFC GH $XU FX &LPLWLUXO (URLORU GH OD *XULOH 'XQCULL >L /CFD>XO =HLORU GLQ &HWDWHD .RJD,RQXOXL 8LWD@LYC SH KDUWC >L YH@L YHGHD FH IDQWDVWLF DUDWC DFHVW VSD@LX XQGH GLQ WUXSXO PXQ@LORU @k>QHVF L]YRDUH FH VH SUHIDF vQ UkXUL FDUH VH GHVIC>RDUC FD XQ HYDQWDL VSUH 'XQCUH VWUCECWkQG YCL FDOPH >L GHDOXUL PROFRPH SULHOQLFH DJULFXOWXULL >L SCVWRULWXOXL 'H VXV GLQ DYLRQ DFHDVWC UH@HD KLGURJUDILFC FX IRUPC GH HOLSVC VHDPCQC FX XQ 2X DO *HQH]HL 0XQ@L GH VDUH ICUC GH FDUH H JUHX GH FRQFHSXW YLD@D RPXOXL >L FUH>WHUHD YLWHORU UHSUH]HQWDX vQ DQWLFKLWDWH R ERJC@LH PDL PDUH FD DXUXO SRDWH FHD PDL GH VHDPC ERJC@LH SHQWUX RDPHQLL YHFKLPLL ERJC@LD YLH@LL 1LPLF QX HVWH PDL SUHVXV GHFkW VDUHD vQ EXFDWH VSXQH R YHFKH SRYHVWH GDFRURPDQC %RJC@LLOH VROXOXL >L VXEVROXOXL DX ICFXW FD VSD@LXO WUDFLF VC ILH UkYQLW GH WULEXULOH >L SRSRDUHOH vQYHFLQDWH VSUH DFHO (OGRUDGR DO DQWLFKLWC@LL v>L RULHQWDX GRULQ@HOH MHIXLWRDUH YHFLQLL ,QYDGDWRULL HXURSHQL DX YHQLW >L vQFC PDL YLQ GH OD UCVCULW 0L>FCULOH GLQVSUH VXG VSUH QRUG ILLQG GHWHUPLQDWH QX DWkW GH FDX]H HFRQRPLFH FkW GH PRGLILFCUL DOH FOLPDWXOXL GH VFKLPEDUHD IORUHL >L IDXQHL FXP D VSXV >L - 'UCJDQ RULFH SRP FH GC URDGH >L VHPLQ@H FDXWC VC OH UCVSkQGHDVFC vQ SUHDMPC D>D >L QHDPXO QRVWUX DO GDFRWUDFLORU SULQ WULEXUL SUROLILFH D URGLW >L VD UCVSkQGLW ILH OD PDUJLQHD WHULWRULXOXL VCX GH YLH@XLUH ILH GHSODVkQGXVH OD GLVWDQ@H PDL PDUL SkQC vQ $VLD RUL WUHFkQG VWUkPWRULOH %RVIRUXOXL >L DOH 'DUGDQHOHORU SkQC vQ $QDWROLD D>D DX DMXQV UDPDQLLGDUGDQLL VC ULGLFH RUD>XO FHWDWH 7URLD LDU EULJLL VC DOFCWXLDVFC R )LOLDOC FDUH D OXDW QXPHOH GH )ULJLD P\VLL QX HUDX DOWFHYD GHFkW R ICUkPC D PRHVLORU GLQ VXGXO 'XQCULL PHVDSLL LDS\JLL >L YHQH@LL GLQ ,WDOLD GH UCVCULW HUDX VXUSOXVXUL DOH WUDFRLOOLULORU GLQ 'DOPD@LD >L GLQ 3DQRQLD XQGH D H[LVWDW 6WDWXO 5DPD  SkQC OD YHQLUHD XQJXULORU ([WLQGHUHD QHDPXOXL FDUSDWRGDQXELDQ VH SRDWH DVHPCQD FX R H[SOR]LH DWRPLFC DYkQGX>L HSLFHQWUXO DFROR DFDVC vQ DUD 6RDUHOXL vQ 'DNVKD SUHVDQVFULWC DULDQC L YRP JCVL SH VWUCPR>L

93

SH UkXO +LSDQLV %XJ >L %RU\VWHQH 1LSUX &LPPHULHQLL YRU IL vPSLQ>L GH FCWUH VFL@L VSUH VXG GDU >L HL VFL@LL VH YRU WRSL vQ PDUHD SRSXOD@LH WUDFLFC WUDFL]kQGXVH OCVkQG vQ XUPD ORU GRDU  XQ QXPH (L WUDFLL FDUH VH vQWLQGHDX VSUH DSXV SkQC OD 2FHDQXO $WODQWLF DX SCWUXQV >L SH 9DOHD 9LVWXOHL vQWHPHLQG FHWC@L FD *HWLGDYD DOWH UDPXUL FD HWUXVFLL >L YHQH@LL VH YRU vQGUHSWD VSUH 9DOHD 3DGXOXL 3HQLQVXOD ,WDOLFC DX FXFHULWR GH FHO SXWLQ  RUL XOWLPD GDWC VXE FRQGXFHUHD VWUCOXFLWRUXOXL UDPDQ (QHD SOHFDW GLQ ]RQD 2OWLQHL 'REURJHL GH D]L RUL GXSC +RPHU >L 9HUJLOLXV GH OD 7URLD &kQG 'HPRVWHQH >L ,ILFUDWH VRFRWHDX FD R FLQVWH IDSWXO FC PDPHOH ORU IXVHVHUC WUDFH FkQG JUHFLL QH vPSUXPXWDX ]HLL VFKLPEkQGXOH GRDU QXPHOH vQIUXSWkQGXVH GLQ SOLQ GLQ PLWXULOH >L FUHGLQ@HOH JHWRGDFLORU FXP VC QX ULGLFCP YRFHD D]L QRL XUPD>LL DFHORU GDFRWUDFL >L VC VSXQHP OXPLL DGHYCUXO 'H FH VC WCFHP XPLOL@L >L IXUD@L GH DO QRVWUX WUHFXW JORULRV GLQ GRULQ@D LQWHOLJHQWC GH D QX QH VXSCUD YHFLQLL &LQH DX IRVW >L FLQH VXQW HL YHFLQLL 1LFLRGDWC XQ SRSRU XPLO >L IULFRV QX D IRVW UHVSHFWDW QLFLRGDWC XQ LHSXUH QX YD VWD DOCWXUL GH XQ OXS 'DFRURPaQL  WUH]LWLYC VFRDWH@LYC RFKHODULL GH PLRSL SULPL@L GH OD YHFLQL >L XLWD@LYC FX PkQGULH DFROR GHSDUWH vQ WUHFXW UHGHVFRSHUL@LYC >L PkQGUL@LYC FX YRL 1X HVWH QLPHQL vQ WRDWC (XURSD FDUH VC DLEC R LVWRULH PDL YHFKH PDL IUXPRDVC >L PDL IDQWDVWLFC FD D QRDVWUC 1RL QX WUHEXLH VC XLWCP FC VXQWHP DLFL SH DFHVW SDPkQW HXURSHDQ SULPLL vQDLQWHD JUHFLORU LWDOLHQLORU IUDQFH]LORU JHUPDQLORU RUL WXUFLORU vQDLQWHD HQJOH]LORU RUL VODYLORU (L WR@L QRLL YHQL@L GRUHVF FD QRL VC QX IL H[LVWDW DVWIHO HL VC DLEC GUHSWXUL (L VSXQ FC 7UDQVLOYDQLD D IRVW XQ 9LG GH 3RSXOD@LH DVWIHO vQFkW HL DX YHQLW >L ODX XPSOXW (L QH vQFXUDMHD]C vQ SURVWLD QRDVWUC VC FUHGHP FC GH IDSW QRL DP DSCUXW GXSC  $' SULQ XQLUHD GLQWUH GRL ECUED@L 7UDLDQ >L 'HFHEDO 7UDLDQ  FXFHULWRU D  GLQ WHULWRULXO 'DFLHL vQ XUPD XQXL UC]ERL IUDWULFLG 1X GRPQLORU QRL DYHP LVWRULD QRDVWUC FX PLL >L PLL GH DQL vQDLQWHD VRVLULL URPDQLORU SH Fk@LYD NLORPHWUL GLQ WHULWRULXO 'DFLHL LDU LVWRULD QRDVWUC D vQFHSXW DWXQFL GH PXOW FkQG QRL DP vQFHSXW VC ICXULP (XURSD VC FXFHULP $VLD &KLQD ,QGLD >L -DSRQLD $QDWROLD 6XPHUXO >L $VLD 0LFC 3DOHVWLQD >L 0HVRSRWDPLD 1RUGXO $IULFLL $FHDVWD HVWH LVWRULD QRDVWUC D FDUSDWRGDQXELHQLORU SHODVJLORU WUDFLORU GDFRURPDQLORU 1RL GDFRURPDQLL UHSUH]HQWCP FRORDQD YHUWHEUDOC D LVWRULHL OXPLL FRQWHPSRUDQH

94