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CAPITOLUL 12

DECIZIILE FINANCIARE PRIVIND


0(',8/1&21-85

725

CUPRINS
12.1.Procesul de consum pentru formarea
elementului mediul natural
3URLHFWDUHDILQDQFLDU

DDFWLYLW

LORU

privind mediul natural


12.3. Decizia financiaU SULYLQGPHGLXOQDWXUDO

CONCEPTE
Mediu -FDIDFWRUGHSURGXF LH

&RPSRUWDPHQWXOPHGLXOXLvQSURFHVHOHHFRQRPLFHGLQILUP
$FWLYLW

LGHSURWHMDUHLUHIDFHUHDPHGLXOXL

&KHOWXLHOL L YHQLWXUL ILQDQFLDUH SHQWUX SURWHMDUHD L

UHIDFHUHDPHGLXOXLvQFRQMXU WRU

(IHFWHQHFXDQWLILFDELOHDOHILQDQ
'HFL]LD

ILQDQFLDU 

PHGLXOXLvQFRQMXU WRU

ULLSURWHM ULLPHGLXOXL

SULYLQG

UHIDFHUHD

L

SURWHMDUHD

12.1. PROCESUL DE CONSUM PENTRU FORMAREA


ELEMENTULUI MEDIUL NATURAL
$3R]L LDPHGLXOXLvQFRQMXU

WRUvQVWUXFWXUDHFRQRPLF

DvQWUHSULQGHULL

&X WRDWH F  WHUPHQXO GH


vQFRQMXU WRU

SUHVXSXQH

WRW

FH

HVWHvQDIDUDvQWUHSULQGHULLWRWXLR
SDUWHvQVHPQDW GLQPHGL

ul natural
VH DIO  vQ LQWHULRUXO XQLW LL HFRQRmice (teren) sau este atras n procesele din ntreprindere ca VXUV GH
SRWHQ LDO QDWXUDO V H L  L FD reFLSLHQW SHQWUX GHHXULOH L SLHUGHrile entropice ale proceselor de
SURGXF LH L GH FRQVXP FDUH DX ORF SHUPDQHQW vQ FDGUXO ILUPHL

(vezi Cadrul 12.1).


Cadrul 12.1.
$ WUHEXLW FD QDWXUD V  PRDU  SX LQ SHQWUX FD RDPHQLL VHFROXOXL ;; V 

FRQVWDWH F  DX QHJOLMDW FHO PDL EXQ SDUWHQHU DO RPXOXL vQ DFWLYLWDWHD VD HFRQRPLF 

PHGLXO vQFRQMXU WRU =HVWUHD QDWXUDO  D RPXOXL DUDW  1 *HRUJHVFX  5RHJHQ FRQVW 

GLQ GRX  HOHPHQWH   IRQGXO GH HQWURSLH MRDV  GH SH JORE L GLQ LQWHULRUXO OXL L  
IOX[XOGHHQHUJLHVRODU 

$VWIHO PHGLXO HVWH SUH]HQW vQ ELODQ XO vQWUHSULQGHULL WHUHQXUL 

3UH]HQ D

mediului n
%LODQ XO

firmei

FRQWULEX LD VD HVHQ LDO  SULQ HQWURSLD MRDV  SRWHQ LDO QDWXUDO  GLQ

PLQHUHXUL PDWHULL SULPH GDU L GLQ EXQXULOH QHFRQWDELOL]DWH DHU

DS  OXPLQ  L F OGXU  VRODU  HWF  U PkQH vQV  vQ DIDUD JHVWLXQLL


GDUVHFXSULQGHvQHIHFWHOHIDYRUDELOHGLQSURFHVHOHGHSURGXF LHL

consum.

$YkQG

vQ

YHGHUH

SRWHQ LDOXO

HQRUP

FH

FRQWULEX LD PHGLXOXL vQ SURFHVXO HFRQRPLF


5HOD LD

HYLGHQ LD] SULQUHOD LD

e, s, i
e -------------> i
i

H[LVW 

vQ

QDWXU 

din ntreprindere se

Serviciul adus
de mediu n
procesele
economice

3RWHQ LDOXO QDWXUDO VXE IRUP  GH VXEVWDQ

 HQHUJLH LQIRUPD LH

(s, e, i) este adus n ntreprindere cu ajutorul energiei (e),

VXEVWDQ HL V LLQIRUPD LHL L GLQXQHOWHOHGHH[WUDF LHWUDQVSRUW

FHUFHWDUHHWFSHQWUXDILIRORVLWvQFRQIRUPLWDWHFXLQIRUPD LLOHGH

produs, tehnologice etc. (i).

B. Comportamentul general
$IODW

Un
comportament
similar cu
structura firmei

GLUHFW

GDU

L

LQGLUHFW

ntreprinderii PHGLXO VH FRPSRUW

vQ

VWUXFWXUD

HFRQRPLF 

D

 vQ OLQLL PDUL FD XQ YHULWDELO

HOHPHQW DO VWUXFWXULL HFRQRPLFH D vQWUHSULQGHULL (O FHGHD]  vQ

SURFHVXO GH SURGXF LH SRWHQ LDO QDWXUDO &X WRDWH F  vQ QDWXU 
UH]HUYHOH VXQWPDUL GDUWRWXLOLPLWDWH LDUXQHOHFRPSRQHQWHDOH

SRWHQ LDOXOXL

QDWXUDO

VXQW

UHJHQHUDELOH

VDX

FRPSOHWDWH

SULQ

FRQWULEX LD YHJHWD LHL D DQLPDOHORU SULQ FLUFXLWXO JHQHUDO DO


PDWHULHLLvQFD]XOPHGLXOXLVHSXQHSUREOHPDUHIDFHULLSULQWU

proces de consum (t2).

-un

/XFUXO DFHVWD HVWH FHUXW L DPSOLILFDW L GH HI

Necesitatea
unor procese de
consum pentru
refacere

ectele degradante

DOH SROX ULL QDWXULL DHU DS  VRO  FD XUPDUH D GHHXULORU L

GHYHUV ULL

GH

VXEVWDQ H

QRFLYH

vQ

PHGLXO

vQFRQMXU WRU

'H

DVHPHQHDDF LXQLOHGHQDWXU HFRORJLF VXQWWRWPDLQXPHURDVHL

mai bine organizate -FDRJULM SHQWUXYLD vQJHQHUDO


Consumul t2 SUHVXSXQH XQ HIRUW WHKQRORJLF L ILQDQFLDU

vQ

FUHWHUH SH XQLWDWHD GH SRWHQ LDO DWUDV  GLQ PHGLX ILLQG QHFHVDUH
WHKQRORJLL

GH

H[WUDF LH

OD

PDUL

DGkQFLPL

GH

SUHOXFUDUH

D

PLQHUHXULORU PDL V UDFH L GH WHKQRORJLL FDUH UHGXF OD PD[LPXP

poOXDUHDvQWRDWHID]HOHDFWLYLW

LLHFRQRPLFH YH]LFDGUXO 

Cadrul 12.2.
5HOD LLOH GLQWUH FDQWLWDWHD GH SRWHQ LDO DWUDV  3  HIRUWXO WHKQRORJLF (W  L FHO

ILQDQFLDU (I VXQWXUP WRDUHOH

*ULMDSHQWUXSURGXF LDYLLWRDUH W

LL

L GH UHIDFHUH D PHGLXOXL L

DF LXQLGHSUHYHQLUHDSROX ULLGHOLPLWDUHDGHJUDG ULORUQDWXUDOH

$F LXQLGH

GHGH]YROWDUHDVSD LLORUYHU]LHWF

prevenire a
GHJUDG

n GDULSHQWUXYLD DVRFLHW

vQ JHQHUDO LPSXQH SH OkQJ  DFWLYLW

Aceste actLYLW

ULL

L PDL GH]YROWDWH vQ XQLW

LOH FX SURILO DJULFRO

VXQWQHFHVDUHLvQFHOHODOWHWLSXULGHILUPHFDUHXWLOL]HD] UHVXUVH

mediului

DOH QDWXULL VDX DIHFWHD]  SULQ DFWLYLWDWHD ORU FDOLWDWHD PHGLXOXL


vQFRQMXU WRU

&6WDUHDFXUHQW

DPHGLXOXL
3HQWUXRULFHILUP HVWHQHFHVDU RFXQRDWHUHDPHGLXOXLvQFDUH

vL YD GHVI XUD DFWLYLWDWHD $FHDVW  VWDUH VH UHIHU  OD FDOLWDWHD
VROXOXL DDSHL LD DHUXOXL GLQ ]RQ  PDL FX VHDP  GDF  ILUPDDUH

tehnologii ce folosesc aceste componente ale mediului.


Pentru acest luFUX ILUPD VH DGUHVHD]  VHUYLFLLORU PHWHRURORJLFH

Calitatea
PHGLXOXLL

L GH FHUFHWDUH D FDOLW

UHVWULF LLOH

geologi, de soluri, seismologilor etc.

LL DSHL L DHUXOXL SUHFXP L  VSHFLDOLWLORU

8Q DOW GRPHQLX GH DQDOL]  vO UHSUH]LQW  UHVWULF LLOH HFRORJLFH

ecologice

impuse n zona de activitate sau, n general, pentru a evita


FRQVHFLQ HOHMXULGLFHLILQDQFLDUH

$FHVWH LQIRUPD LL IXQGDPHQWHD]  vQ PRG QHFHVDU GHFL]LLOH GH

vQILLQ DUH  GH]YROWDUH GDU L SH FHOH GH SURGXF LH 7RWRGDW  HOH

YRUFRQWXUDP ULPHDLVWUXFWXUDSURFHVXOXLGHFRQVXPW

D. $FWLYLW

2.

LGHFRQVXP
3URFHVXO GH FRQVXP YL]kQG UHIDFHUHD PHGLXOXL HVWH DPSOX L

SUHVXSXQH DQWUHQDUHD vQWUHJLL VRFLHW

L 'H DFHHD DFHVW SURFHV VH

UH]ROY  GRDU SDU LDO OD QLYHO GH ILUP  PDMRULWDWHD UHYHQLQG
VRFLHW

LL GHVLJXU FX FRQWULEX LD ILQDQFLDU  D vQWUHSULQGHULORU L

SRSXOD LHL

QvQWUHSULQGHUHVHRUJDQL]HD] DFWLYLW

LSULYLQGPHGLXOFXPDU

fi:
 $FWLYLW

ActLYLW LvQ
sarcina
ntreprinderii

L GH UHGXFHUH D SROX ULL PHGLXOXL SULQ LQVWDOD LL GH

ILOWUDUHGHHSXUDUHDDSHLGHGLVWUXJHUHFRQWURODW DGHHXULORUHWF

(de tip invHVWL LL 


 $FWLYLW

L GH UHSURLHFWDUH DWHKQRORJLLORU L SURGXVHORU SHQWUX

UHGXFHUHDFRQVXPXULORUGHSRWHQ LDOQDWXUDOLDGHHXULORUWR[LFH
SROXDQWH GHWLSFHUFHWDUHWLLQ LILF LWHKQLF 
 $FWLYLW

L GH UHIDFHUH D PHGLXOXL GLQ vQWUHSULQGHUH L GLQ

LPHGLDWD DSURSLHUH D HL SUHFXP L SHQWUX UHPHGLHUHD XQRU


FDODPLW
SO
([LJHQ HOH

conceptului de
dezvoltare
GXUDELO

L HFRORJLFH SURGXVH vQ ]RQ  GLQ YLQD ILUPHL LQYHVWL LL L

LILQDQFLDUH 



&RQWULEX LD

QRUPDO 

VDX

HFRORJLFHFHQWUDOL]DWH SULQSO
2

SUREOHP 

FRQFHSWXOXL

GH

GH

PDUH

SULQ

DFWXDOLWDWH

GH]YROWDUH

SHQDOL]DUH 

OD

DF LXQLOH

LGHLPSR]LWHWD[HSHQDOL] UL 

GXUDELO

R


UHSUH]LQW 

$FHVW

asimilarea

FRQFHSW

VROLFLW 

UHJkQGLUHD vQWUHJXOXL PHFDQLVP DO DFWLYLW


SURGXFH vQ FRQFRUGDQ

LL HFRQRPLFH SHQWUX D

 FX FHULQ HOH SURWHM

ULL PHGLXOXL

Acest

FRQFHSWYDLPSXQHSHOkQJ P VXULVHYHUHGHSURWHMDUHLUHIDFHUH

D PHGLXOXL R UHVWUXFWXUDUH D WHKQRORJLLORU L GRW ULORU L R


UHSURLHFWDUH D SURGXVHORU L VHUYLFLLORU 7RDWH DFHVWH P VXUL YRU

amplifica procesul de consum din firme pentru a le pUHJ


IXQF LRQH]HvQFRQFRUGDQ

352,(&7$5($),1$1&,$5
$&7,9,7

WL V 

FXH[LJHQ HOHXQHLGH]YROW ULGXUDELOH

$

,/2535,9,1'0(',8/1$785$/

$,QIRUPD LLOHILQDQFLDUH

ym

L vQ FD]XO DFHVWXL HOHPHQW PHWRGRORJLD ILQDQFLDU  HVWH vQF  OD

vQFHSXWVLP XOHFRORJLFILLQGSUHDSX LQGH]YROWDWDWkWODQLYHOGH


VRFLHWDWHFkWLGHILUP 

/HJLVOD LD

&X WRDWH DFHVWHD OHJLVOD LD ILQDQFLDU  FXSULQGH GHMD LQIRUPD LL

privind

XWLOH SHQWUX D GHWHUPLQD LQIRUPD LLOH ILQDQFLDUH L D DGRSWD

SURWHF LD

GHFL]LLOHGHUHSDUWL LHSULYLQGPHGLXOvQFRQMXU WRUQDFHVWVHQVVH

mediului

pot consulta Legea bugetului de stat, Legea impozitului pe profit


HWF SUHFXP L OHJLOH FX FDUDFWHU HFRORJLF Legea mediului nr.
137/1995).

Cadrul 12.2.
)DFWRULL FDUH DF LRQHD]  vQ GRPHQLXO SURWHF LHL PHGLXOXL GLQ PDMRULWDWHD

VWDWHORU OXPLL DX DGRSWDW R VHULH GH SULQFLSLL XQLWDUH L VHYHUH vQ VFRSXO OLPLW ULL
IDFWRULORU SROXDQ L GH RULFH QDWXU  SULQFLSLXO EXQHL YHFLQ
QX DUH GUHSWXO V  G

XQH]H PHGLXO 3ULQFLSLXO QRWLILF

SUHYHQLULL 3ULQFLSLXO LQWHU]LFHULL SROX


SROXDQWXO SO

WHWH 3ULQFLSLXO FRQVHUY

L vQWUH VWDWH 1LFL XQ VWDW

ULL L FRQVXOW

ULL 3ULQFLSLXO QHGLVFULPLQ


ULL L XWLOL]

ULL 3UL

ncipiul

ULL 3ULQFLSLXO

ULL UHVXUVHORU QDWXUDOH vQ PRG

UD LRQDO
&D OHJ WXUL GH UHSDUWL LH SRVLELOH VXQW SHUPLVH FHOH VSHFLILFH

&RQVWLWXLUHDL

utilizarea
Fondului
QD LRQDO

LQYHVWL LLORU

L

FHUFHW ULL

WLLQ LILFH

L

WHKQLFH

FX

VXUVH

FD

UH]XOWDWHOH HFRQRPLFH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH FRVWXOXL UHGXFHULOH GH


LPSR]LW SH SURILW HWF SUHFXP L GLQ )RQGXO QD LRQDO GH PHGLX

3H ED]D DFHVWRU OHJ WXUL \P  VHUYLFLXO ILQDQFLDU vL FRPSOHWHD] 


VLVWHPXOLQIRUPD LRQDOQHFHVDUSURLHFW ULLILQDQFLDUH

B. Cheltuielile financiare yc
,QIRUPD LLOH

\F

p, sub forma cheltuielilor financiare ale

vQWUHSULQGHULLSHQWUXUHIDFHUHDLSURWHMDUHDPHGLXOXLVHGHWHUPLQ 
VXEIRUPDGHYL]XOXLFDUHvQVR HWHSURLHFWXOOXFU ULORUGHLQYHVWL LL
VDXFHUFHWDUHVSHFLILFHDF LXQLORUILQDQ DWH YFDSL 

&KHOWXLHOLL
REOLJD LL

financiare

2EOLJD LLOH ILQDQFLDUH vQ DIDUD XQLW

LL \F

o) apar sub forma

FRQWULEX LLORU OD IRQGXULOH HFRORJLFH FHQWUDOL]DWH D SHQDOL] ULORU

SHQWUXvQF OFDUHDSUHYHGHULORUOHJDOHSULYLQGSURWHF LDPHGLXOXLD

GHVS JXELULORU SHQWUX FHL DIHFWD L GH DF LXQLOH GLVWUXFWLYH DOH


ILUPHL

HWF

SUHFXP

L

VXE

IRUPD

WD[HORU

SHQWUX

IRORVLUHD

terenurilor.
C. Veniturile financiare yv
Sursele la care serviciul financiar poate face apel pentru

DFRSHULUHD FKHOWXLHOLORU SULYLQG UHIDFHUHD L SURWHMDUHD PHGLXOXL

Surse din
interiorul
ntreprinderii

sunt:
 5H]XOWDWHOH HFRQRPLFH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH FRVWXOXL LQFOXVLY

DPRUWL]DUHDPLMORDFHORUIL[HFXGHVWLQD LHGHSURWHF LHDPHGLXOXL


 3URILWXO QHW L UHGXFHUHD GH LPSR]LW SH S

rofit pentru

LQYHVWL LLOHFXFDUDFWHUHFRORJLFSULQIRQGXOGHGH]YROWDUH
3H

Surse
din afara
ntreprinderii

OkQJ 

YHQLWXULOH

ILQDQFLDUH

ntreprinderii (yvp  OHJLVOD LDILQDQFLDU


din afara firmei (yvn):

SURFXUDWH

GLQ

VXUVHOH

SHUPLWHDSHODUHDODVXUVH

1. Fondul de creditare;

 6XEYHQ LL SHQWUX RELHFWLYH GH SURWHF LH D PHGLXOXL GH LQWHUHV

major;

'RQD LLHWF
$SHODUHD OD DFHVWH VXUVH DUH ORF GXS  FH V

-au folosit complet

VXUVHOH SURSULL L vQ DFHOHDL FRQGL LL FD SHQWUX OXFU ULOH GH

LQYHVWL LL FDSLWROXO 

'(ILFLHQ DHFRQRPLF

,PSRUWDQ D

efectelor
necuantificabile

3HQWUXOXFU ULOHSULYLQGUHIDFHUHDLSURWHF LDPHGLXOXLVHUYLFLXO

ILQDQFLDU FDOFXOHD]  LQGLFDWRUL GH HILFLHQ

 VSHFLILFL LQYHVWL LLORU

FDSLWROXO LFHUFHW ULLWLLQ LILFH FDSLWROXO 

Q FD]XO DFHVWRU OXFU UL HIHFWHOH ILQDQFLDUH VH FRPSOHWHD]  FX

HIHFWHOH QHFXDQWLILFDELOH GH FUHWHUH D FDOLW

UHGXFHUHDSROX ULLLGHJUDG ULLPHGLXOXLHWF

LL YLH LL VRFLDOH GH



'(&,=,$

),1$1&,$5

35,9,1'

0(',8/

NATURAL
&X WRDWH F  PXOWH OXFU UL FH YL]HD]  SURWHF LD L UHIDFHUHD

mediului VXQWFXSULQVHvQSUH]HQWvQGHFL]LLOHSULYLQGLQYHVWL LLOHL

IRUPDUHD IRQGXOXL GH LQIRUPD LL VH LPSXQH R LQGLYLGXDOL]DUH


SHQWUXGHFL]LDILQDQFLDU UHIHULWRDUHODPHGLX

Structura unei asemenea decizii cuprinde:




VENITURI (yv)

3UHOHY UL

GLQ

CHELTUIELI (yc)

Fondul

de

,QYHVWL LLSHQWUXSURWHF LDL

dezvoltare

refacerea mediului

cercetare

SULYLQG

3UHOHY ULGLQVXUVHOHSHQWUX
3UHOHY ULGLQSURILWXOEUXW

3UHOHY ULGLQUH]XOWDWHOHHFR

&HUFHW ULWLLQ LILFHLWHKQLFH


UHIDFHUHD

mediului
-



9 UV PLQWH

QRPLFHFRUHVSXQ] WRDUHFRVWXOXL

FHQWUDOL]DWH

5. Credite

ecologice

'RQD LL

etc.

6XEYHQ LLGHVS JXELUL

Total yv

L

OD

SHQWUX

SURWHF LD

IRQGXULOH

DF LXQL

7D[HSHWHUHQXULSHQDOL] UL

Total yc

L DFHDVW  GHFL]LH VH FXSULQGH vQ EXJHWXO JHQHUDO FD R GHFL]LH

ILQDQFLDU UHIHULWRDUHODILQDQ DUHDSURFHVXOXLGHFRQVXP

175(%

5,

'H FH PHGLXO vQFRQMXU WRU SRDWH IL VRFRWLW FD XQ IDFWRU DO VWUXFWXULL HFRQRPLFH D

ntreprinderii?

6XE FH IRUP  FRQWULEXLH SRWHQ LDOXO QDWXUDO OD SURFHVHOH GH

ntreprindere?

&XPVH VWLPXOHD] FUHWHUHDUHVSRQVDELOLW

naturii?

&H DFWLYLW

transformare din

LLILUPHORU SHQWUXUHIDFHUHD LSURWHF LD

L GH UHIDFHUH L SURWHF LH D QDWXULL UHYLQ ILUPHL L FkW GH FRVWLVLWRDUH

sunt?

&RQVLGHUD LF  HIRUWXULOHILQDQFLDUHDOHILUPHL VXQW FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH ID

PHGLXOXLODRE LQHUHDGHYDORDUHvQSURFHVHOHGHSURGXF LHLFRQVXP"

 GHDSRUWXO

'H FH HVWH RSRUWXQ  HYLGHQ LHUHD GLVWLQFW  vQ %XJHWXO ILUPHL D GHFL]LHL ILQDQFLDUH

SULYLQGPHGLXOvQFRQMXU WRU"

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