FOCUS ON COMMUNICATION

STUDENTS

EXERCISES FOR ADVANCED

Scopul caietului de exerciii. Modaliti de utili are.

Caietul de exerciii la limba englez, nivel intermediar-avansat, i propune s dea studenilor care urmeaz cursurile Facultii de Comunicare i Relaii Publice n sistemul nvm nt !esc"is la !istan #$!!% posibilitatea de a exersa situaii comunicaionale i terminologia speci&ic teoriilor comunicrii' Pentru a avea dreptul de a accede la examenul scris, toi studenii din seriile de avansai vor avea obligaia de a completa integral caietul de exerciii, cu scris de m n, de a l organiza sub &orma unui dosar i de a l preda pro&esorilor n ziua testrii' Pentru a avea dreptul de a accede la examenul scris, toi studenii din seriile de intermediari vor avea obligaia de a completa (umtate din caietul de exerciii #temele )-*%, cu scris de m n, de a l organiza sub &orma unui dosar i de a l preda pro&esorilor n ziua testrii' +cest caiet va reprezenta numai o condiie obligatorie pentru intrarea n examen, nu va constitui parte din nota studentului, care se va obine pe baza testului scris' Fiecare tem din caiet, ca i din curs, este conceput n patru pri, de aproximativ aceeai mrime i importan n structura general' Cea dint i component este una comunicaional, cuprinz nd exerciii de scriere corect n limba englez, de la prezentare p n la scrisori o&iciale sau interviuri pentru obinerea unui post, de la modaliti de concepere a unui articol sau interviu pentru un ziar p n la organizarea unor con&erine de pres' + doua structur cuprinde exerciii de gramatica limbii engleze, re&eritoare la verb, cel mai important i mai di&icil subiect de discutat' Partea a treia conine cerine de compoziie pe marginea textelor de comunicare despre componentele comunicrii, propagand, pres scrisi electronic, relaii publice, creare de imagine, structura organizaiei, imaginea politic, imaginea comercial' + patra component a cursului cuprinde exerciii de vocabular uzual la nceput, pentru ca pe parcurs s evolueze ctre probleme mai nuanate i c t mai apropiate de domeniul comunicrii sociale i al relaiilor publice'

I. COMMUNICATION ! "AST AND FUTURE

)' !escribing a person ,ou are on t"e beac" and -ou see an empt- blan.et on /"ic" t"ere are a &e/ ob(ects spread around' ,ou loo. at t"em and -ou /onder /"o is t"e person t"at o/ns t"ese ob(ects' +nd -ou are /aiting &or it to appear01"e list o& ob(ects is t"e &ollo/ing2 some c"e/ing gum, a &ilm, a comb, a belt bag, some car .e-s, a camera, a picture o& t/o old persons, some sun-tan lotion, a pair o& "eadp"ones, a mirror, a to/el, a pencil, a boo., a letter 3o/ use -our imagination' $n t"e space given belo/, tr- to /rite a description o& t"is person4s li&e, ans/ering t"e 5uestions2 $s t"is person a man or a /oman6 7"ere does "e8s"e come &rom6 9o/ old is "e8s"e6 7"at is "is8"er (ob6 $s "e8s"e married or single6 7"at is "e8s"e doing at t"e moment6 7"at colour are "is8"er e-es6

:' C"oose one o& t"e &ollo/ing topics and "ave a dialogue, in t"e space given belo/2 a' ,ou are strolling do/nto/n' ;uddenl- -ou meet an old &riend o& -ours /"om -ou "ave not seen since -ou /ere in elementar- sc"ool' ,ou are surprised to learn t"at "e "as become a millionaire' b' ,ou are /al.ing do/n t"e street' ;uddenl- -ou see a &riend in &ront o& -ou' ,ou run up to "im and sa- "ello, but /"en "e turns around -ou discover t"at "e is a stranger' c' ,ou are a teac"er in t"e &irst da- o& sc"ool' Present -oursel& in &ront o& t"e class and prompt t"e conversation /it" t"e students'

<' Put t"e verbs in brac.ets into t"e correct tense2 )' $t #be% 00000 &or t"e &irst time t"at =o"n and >ar- ever #be% 00000 so late' :' $t /as not until s"e #sa-% 00000 ?-es@ t"at s"e #/onder% 00000 /"et"er s"e #do% 0 0000 /rong' +&ter all, s"e reall- #not .no/% 00000 "im' <' 9e as.ed t"e butler /"et"er "e #notice% 00000 an-t"ing di&&erent about "is master t"e previous nig"t' =ac.son #repl-% 00000 t"at "e #notice% 00000 not"ing o& t"e .ind' A' ?9o/ long -ou #be% 00000 /it" "im6@ ?:< -ears, ;ir' Bver since "e #start% 00000 to be an-t"ing at all@' C' $ told -ou /e #"ave% 00000 guests at D o4cloc. and >r' =o"nson #be% 00000 t"e &irst and #smo.e% 00000 a lot o& cigarettes' A' Put t"e verbs in brac.ets into t"e correct tense2 +gent Cooper #/a.e% 00000 up at E s"arp, as "e al/a-s #do% 00000, no matter /"ere "e #be% 00000 or /"at "e #do% 00000 t"e previous da-' 9is &irst t"oug"t /as t"e realisation t"at "e #/ear% 00000 t"e pinstriped suit, and /"en "is e-es #&all% 000 00 on t"e reports piled around "im, t"e events o& t"e previous evening #come% 0000 0 bac. to "im' 9e #go% 00000 to "is club &or supper, (ust #&inis"% 00000 "is turtle soup and #loo.% 00000 &or/ard to t"e second dis", /"en "is meal rudel- #be% 0000 0 interrupted b- a call &rom "is superior' Fnce "e #drin.% 00000 "is blac. co&&ee, Cooper #t"in.% 00000 care&ull- /"at to put on' 9e #see% 00000 >' at G o4cloc. t"at morning and #be% 00000 .een on impressing t"e latter' Hlancing at "imsel& in t"e mirror, it #stri.e% 00000 "im t"at "e #put% 00000 on /eig"t recentl-' 9e #"ave% 00 000 to pa- more "eed to "is diet in t"e &uture' C'1ranslate into Bnglis"2 )' Copiii se (oac n parc n &iecare zi'

:' !uminica trecut am scris c teva scrisori, apoi am ascultat un concert la radio' <' !e c nd eti aici6 +m venit azi dimineai de atunci te atept' A' - !e ce nu pori oc"elarii6 I $-am pierdut' C' Prietenii notri nu vor veni n vacan la noi' E' +cest biet, care s-a nscut acum, e nepotul meu' Pentru c s vedei domniile voastre2 eu am avut ase &ete, dintre care cea mai mare, pe care m g ndeam s-o mrit dup ginere-meu, dup ce va &i ieit dascl, s-a mritat dup dasclul din ;tr ntea, a doua s-a mritat dup >itrea lui Juduc, care acum e ctitor la biseric, pe a treia a luat-o ginere-meu, popa din Cldeni, cele dou mai mici iat-le aici, iar >ili s-a mritat dup ginere-meu, protopopul, i a nscut pe acest copil, care acum e nepotul meu' #$oan ;lavici I Judulea 1aic"ii%

E' Bxplain t"e t-pe o& noise /"ic" led to t"e &ollo/ing &unn- miscommunications2 a' !uring t"e )GDC C"ristmas season, an DKK #call and /in% number /as set up so t"at c"ildren could call ;anta Claus and tell "im /"at t"e- /anted &or C"ristmas' Ln&ortunatel-, t"e p"one lines got crossed and t"e little toddlers /ere connected to a Mas Negas boo.ie /"o duti&ull- in&ormed t"em about t"e betting line on &ootball games' b' + leading national s"oe compan- premiered t"is slogan in )GD*2 ?7e4ll onl- sell -ou t"e rig"t s"oe@' c' + ;eattle ne/spaper publis"ed a commemoration column in /"ic" !iana, Princess o& 7ales, /as re&erred to as t"e ?Princess o& 7"ales@' d' 7"en C"evrolet introduced its 3ova model in ;out" +merica t"e- /ere puzzled b- t"e lo/ sales' ;omeone t"en pointed out t"at ?no va@ /as ;panis" &or ?it doesn4t /or.@' e' $n )GDA t"e Coca-Cola compan- introduced a ne/ advertising campaign to promote a so&t drin., 1ab' 1"e t"eme o& t"e campaign /as ?Met4s taste ne/ 1ab@' 1"e commercials on billboards and &lies /ere a success, but on radio and 1N people "eard ?Mess taste, ne/ 1ab@' 1"e compan- "ad to remove t"e ads at considerable loss' *' Hive t"e s-non-ms and t"e anton-ms o& t"e &ollo/ing /ords2 source encoding c"eap original response noise to initiate to enter to bu- to manage D' Complete t"e passage /it" t"ese /ords2 1"e "uman race is on t"e t"res"old o& a ne/ emerging civilisation2 t"e 000 civilisation' $t is an extension and a successor to t"e agricultural and industrial civilisation t"at "ave determined our 000structure until no/' +gricultural civilisation /as t"e &irst to ta.e concrete 000' $t /as establis"ed in &ertile alluvial areas in t"e >iddle Bast &rom t"e 00 0o& agricultural production, &act /"ic" assured t"e 000o& 9omo sapiens and t"e 000 o& large amounts o& social surplus' 1"e increasing dependence o& agricultural productiviton t"e sun and manual labour "ad as result t"e 000o& t/o social aspects2 a religion o& sun 000 and a s-stem o& agricultural slave 000 $ndustrial 000provided t"e means b- /"ic" industrial civilisation &louris"ed' $ts origins la- in t"e natural sciences and t"e in&ormation mac"iner- o& t"e industrial 000made t"is possible' 3e/ societ- s-stems emerged, /it" tec"nologies t"e &ree 000o& private business, comodit- mar.ets, parliamentar- democrac- and accumulation labour 000' 1"e monuments o& t"e agricultural civilisation are t"e p-ramids and global temples and t"ose o& t"e industrial civilisation signals are &actories and s.-scrapers' 1"e in&ormation civilisation depends productiviton computer and communication 000, being t"us invisible' $ts products are 000s-mbols uni&ied and images' $t is global, it does not ta.e into account soil or cit-, because it spreads all over t"e /orld in 000&orm' $t aims to t"e structure mutual understanding and 000t"in.ing o& citizens overriding national interests and development deepening di&&erent cultures' /ors"ip s"ape unions revolution competition stabilisation labour survival

G' Lsing t"e verbs to declare, to proclaim, to pronounce and to state, translate t"e &ollo/ing sentences into Bnglis"2 a' ;'L'+' a declarat rzboi $ugoslaviei' b' N declar soi soie' c' N rugm s declarai tot ce tii i s nu ascundei nimic' d' n urma numrrii voturilor el a &ost declarat preedinte' e' + &ost declarat cel mai bun (uctor al turneului' &' Nom declara poziia noastr presei dup pronunarea sentinei' g' +vei bunuri de declarat la vam6 "' > declar cu totul mpotriva acestei aciuni'

)K' 7rite do/n t"e nouns deriving &rom t"e &ollo/ing verbs2 believeO t"reatenO agreeO suggestO expressO re&er, &orm, correct, intend, anal-se, correspond, lose, promiss, irritate, damage, in"erit, decide, declare, insult, sustain'

i' Nre6i s6 &ace6i o declara6ie acum sau dup6 ce v-a6i consultat avocatul6 (' Faimoasa !eclara6ie de $ndependen66 a ;tatelor Lnite ale +mericii a &ost proclamat6 pe A iulie )**E'

II. "RO"A#ANDA AND "ERSUASION

)' 1"e &ollo/ing sentences are ta.en &rom p"one calls' $magine t"e repl- be&ore or a&ter eac" o& t"em' a' 7"o4s calling, please6 b' 1"an.s &or calling' c' =ust a moment, please' $4ll put -ou t"roug"' d' 7"ic" extension do -ou /ant6 e' F", $4m sorr-' $ must "ave dialled t"e /rong number' &' Hood morning, can $ "elp -ou6 g' ;orr-6 Can -ou repeat, please6 "' Could /e meet some time soon6 i' 7ould morning or a&ternoon suit -ou best6 (' ;orr-, t"e line is bus-' :' 7rite a dialogue beginning &rom one o& t"e &ollo/ing stories, in t"e space given belo/2 a' ,ou are at "ome alone' ;uddenl- t"e telep"one rings' ,ou pic. up t"e receiver and "ear a strange voice at t"e ot"er end o& t"e line0 b' ,ou .no/ t"at a &riend o& -ours is ver- upset because "e8s"e "asn4t passed an important exam &or a sc"olars"ip in t"e Lnited ;tates o& +merica' ;o -ou p"one "im8"er to com&ort t"e person' 9o/ do -ou start t"e conversation and "o/ do -ou continue it6 c' + slig"t ac5uaintance calls -ou on t"e p"one to invite -ou at a part-' ,ou don4t reallli.e t"e person, so -ou "ave to 5uic.l- &ind good excuses &or not going t"ere'

<' Put t"e verbs in brac.ets into t"e correct tense2 a' $ #ma.e% 00000 ca.es' 1"at is /"- m- "ands are covered /it" &lour' b' $ #not understand% 00000 /"at -ou #/ait% 00000 &or' c' $ am sorr- $ #not come% 00000 to class latel-' $ #/or.% 00000 late in t"e evenings &or t"is &ortnig"t' d' $ reall- #en(o-% 00000 m-sel& at t"at moment' e' $ #t"in.% 00000 to bu- a ne/ "ouse last -ear, during t"e elections, but $ #c"ange% 00000 m- mind ever since' &' $ don4t .no/ /"at time /e #eat% 00000, it #depend% 00000 /"en 9elen #get% 00000 "ere' g' $ supported -ou at t"e time because $ #&eel% 00000 -ou #be% rig"t' "' $ #live% 00000 "ere' i' ;orr- $ #not &ix% 00000 t"e plug -et' $ #mean% 00000 to get round to it, but $ (ust #not &ind% 00000 t"e time' (' +t t"e meeting Peter #not understand% 00000 /"at #be% 00000 decided because too man- people #tal.% 00000 at once' A' 1"e sentences belo/ contain one mista.e eac"' Correct it2 a' $ "ave once studied t"e guitar &or t"ree -ears' b' $ am "ere since t"ree o4cloc., but nobod- "as come -et' c' 7"en s"e arrived, $ /as /aiting &or t"ree "ours and a "al&' d' $ "ave seen "im t"ree da-s ago' e' 7ill -ou "ave been "aving dinner out tonig"t6 &' $ .ne/ s"e /ill arrive be&ore long' g' $ t"in. it4s raining tonig"t' "' ,ou are "ating t"is part-' i' $ am seeing a rabbit over t"ere' (' 9e al/a-s &orgets people4s names' C' 1ranslate into Bnglis"2 a%' Crede c se comport &oarte &rumos' b%' >ereu zice c mi cumpr o roc"ie nou' c%' !e-abia am nceput s vorbesc c m-a i ntrerupt' d%' Fbinuia s c nte c nd &cea du, dar asta s-a nt mplat nainte de accident' e%' + plouat de la < la C' E' Resume t"e &ollo/ing text, extracting t"e main ideas, in no more t"an &ive lines2 Fut o& t"e millions o& t"ings t"at "appen ever- da-, print and electronic (ournalists decide /"at &e/ t"ings are /ort" reporting' !eciding /"at is ne/s/ort"- is not an exact science, but t"ere are common elements t"at c"aracterise it' 1"e most important &eature o& a ne/s/ort"- event is timeliness, because ne/s is ne/ and -esterda-4s ne/s is old ne/s' + consumer /"o pic.s up t"e evening paper or turns on t"e a&ternoon ne/s expects to be told /"at "as "appened earlier t"e same da-' 3e/s is peris"able and stale ne/s is not interesting' +not"er 5ualit- o& ne/s is proximit-, because readers and vie/ers /ant to learn about t"eir neig"bour"ood, to/n, countr-' +ll ot"er t"ings being e5ual, t"ings &rom close to "ome are more ne/s/ort"- t"an ne/s &rom a &oreign countr-' Ps-c"ological proximit- is also important, &or example sub/a- riders &rom Juc"arest /ill be more interested in a material about t"e 3e/ ,or. sub/a- t"an t"e people in t"e same to/n not travelling b- t"is means o& transport' Prominence is anot"er &eature, as t"e more important a person, t"e more valuable "e or s"e is as a ne/s source' Political leaders, sports and entertainment &igures, but also dangerous criminals give media coverage' +not"er golden rule is t"at people are interested in events /it" conse5uences on t"eir lives, /it" impact' + tax increase, droug"t, in&lation, eart"5ua.es, all t"ese events "ave conse5uence and are /idel- mediatised' 1"e last 5ualit- /e mention is "uman interest, stories t"at arouse emotion in t"e audience b- being ironic, bizarre, tragic' 1-picall-, t"ese items concern ordinar- people /"o &ind t"emselves in circumstances /it" /"ic"

t"e audience can identi&-' 1"us, /"en t"e /inner o& t"e state lotter- gives "al& o& "is /innings to t"e elderl- man /"o sold "im t"e tic.et, it becomes ne/s/ort"-' +n-"o/, it is not eas- to establis" /"at is ne/s'

*' 1ranslate into Bnglis"2 Comunicarea este un cuv nt la mod azi' >ai ales comunicarea n mas s-a dezvoltat extrem de rapid dup cel de-al doilea rzboi mondial, c nd e&orturile s-au concentrat asupra e&icienei propagandistice' $niial, s-a considerat logic s se nceap cu sursa, acest punct de vedere dovedindu-se o grav eroare care i are rdcinile n renumita teorie a glonului' Potrivit acesteia, sursa #cel care comunic% &olosete o combinaie de mesa(e i strategii de media pentru a in&luena un public ce trebuie convins, aa cum un glonte urmrete o int precis' Comunicarea scris sau vorbit se constituia atunci c nd cuvintele ce urmau s constituie mesa(ul erau selectate i aran(ate pentru a &i emise pe pia' >ai t rziu specialitii au a(uns la concluzia c impactul comunicrii este mai mare dac se ncepe cu publicul int, cel ce d sens mesa(ului, pe msur ce in&ormaiile primite sunt procesate n contextul credinelor, atitudinilor, motivaiilor i necesitilor oamenilor' +stzi teoria lui ;c"ramm, potrivit creia comunicarea este o relaie tranzacional ntre dou sau mai multe pri ntre care este sc"imbat in&ormaia, este comun acceptat' !ac cel care comunic nu nelege publicul cruia i se adreseaz, trans&erul de semni&icaii nu se produce' Capacitatea sursei de a se pune n locul receptorului a &ost denumit empatie, aceasta ncep nd s &uncioneze n primii ani de via, atunci c nd copilul nva s preia rolul altuia'

D' Hive t"e s-non-ms and t"e anton-ms o& t"e &ollo/ing /ords2 e&&ective care&ul publicit- emplo-ee stable ade5uate abilit- manager to persuade to extend G' Complete t"e passage /it" t"ese /ords' 1"ere public are t/o /ords in surplus in t"e table' reap mar.et 7"at is success6 +c"ieving a long-"eld &ame 000' 6 Barning a million b- t"e time -ou are t/ent- &ive6 =oining t"e 000'6 000'to t"e top o& -our c"osen pro&ession6 7riting a 00 /ealt" 0'6 000'means di&&erent t"ings to di&&erent people, but one "as managed to 000' all ambition t"is in a ver- s"ort space o& time' =e&& =o"nson /as still at universit- /"en "e realised t"e respected 000'pro&its to be made &rom t"e sale o& posters to an eager public' 1"e poster stall "e organised ever- ;unda- /as regularl- surrounded b- ent"usiasts eager to &ind somet"ing (et set ne/' ;o, a&ter graduating, "e too. a loan, rented o&&ice space and ac5uired a stoc. o& posters' ;oon "is business /as 000' rapidl- and "e /as able to purc"ase a /are"ouse, /"izz-.id /"ic" "e renovated and used as a centre &or "is operations' Ft"er s"ops /ere opened in di&&erent parts o& t"e countr- and sales 000'' 9ard-"eaded businessmen cro/ded to busuccess s"ares in t"is 000'4s compan- /"en it /ent public and =e&& /as able to 000't"e best-seller re/ards o& "is "ard /or. b- ta.ing time o&& to bu- a "ouse and get married' 9e is still onlrising in "is mid-t/enties, a &at"er o& t/o, and a 000'businessman /it" a product /"ic" is a 0 ac"ieve 00'leader' 1o admirers o& "is accomplis"ments "e points out t"at "e "as "ad to ma.e sacri&ices' ?$t4s di&&icult to maintain one4s privac-@, roc.eted "e sa-s' ?Fnce -ou are success&ul, -ou "ave to live in t"e 000'e-e to a certainexpanding extent@' )K' 1ranslate t"e &ollo/ing sentences2 potential ;usine c n-a vzut nimic' +&irm cu toat rspunderea c n-am vzut-o la ora respectiv acolo' +cuzatul i menine declaraia' Ba susine c soul ei ar &i btut-o' +&irmai c ai &ost martor la accident cu toate c ai &ost vzut n alt parte6 ;usine s i se plteasc daune n urma accidentului' Ptiu c minte, dar susine acum c n-a spus nimic' Ba tot susine ntr-una c ei nu i s-a spus nimic' !up toate acestea v mai susinei punctul de vedere6 Cotidianul ?1"e 1imes@ susine c are in&ormaii precise cu privire la scandal'

III. MASSES OR E$ITES%

)' >a.e all t"e c"anges and additions necessar- to produce, &rom t"e &ollo/ing sets o& /ords and p"rases, sentences /"ic" toget"er ma.e a complete letter' !ear !iana a' 1"an. -ou8muc"8-our letter8arrive8&e/ da-s ago' b' $t be lovel-8"ear8-ou' c' $ be sorr-8$ not /rite8suc"8long time8but $8be ver- bus-' d' +s -ou .no/8/e bu-8ne/ "ouse8;eptember' e' $t be8ver- bad condition8and it need8a lot8/or.' &' 7e &inis"8most8it no/8and it loo.8ver- nice' rd g' Peter and $8decide8give8"ouse-/arming part-8>a- < ' "' ,ou t"in.8-ou able8come6 i' Please give me8ring8let8.no/8-ou8ma.e it' (' $8reall-8loo. &or/ard8see -ou again' Move, =enn)'7rite a letter to -our internet supplier, s"o/ing t"at -ou are ver- pleased /it" t"e services rendered up to no/ and t"at -ou "ope t"e- /ill .eep on /or.ing li.e t"at' !o not &orget to /rite do/n t"e addresses, t"e date, t"e proper salutation and complimentar- close' :' Hive passive e5uivalents to t"e &ollo/ing active sentences2

a' 1"e dog &rig"tens "er' b' 1"e team is carr-ing out an interesting experiment' c' ,ou &ound t"e door s"ut' d' ;"e /as coo.ing dinner /"en "e came' e' 1"e- "ave built t"ree bloc.s o& &lats b- no/' &' 1"e- "ad been digging t"e garden &or t/o "ours /"en it started to rain' g' ;omebod- /ill do (ustice' "' ;"e said somebod- /ould announce "im' i' !id -our mot"er tell -ou /e "ad le&t6 (' 1"e- "ave given "im t"e (ob "e /as loo.ing &or' A' >a.e passive sentences using t"e tense re5uired b- t"e adverbials2 )' #promise, an electric train, little =imm-% &or "is birt"da-' :' #arrange, t"e &urniture% rig"t no/' <' #embroider, m- grandmot"er, t"is tableclot"% /"en s"e /as a girl' A' #destro-, t"e little "ut, t"e /ind% during t"e storm' C' #anal-se, t"e problem% tomorro/' E' #attac., t"e mon.e-s, t"e explorers% t"e previous da-' *' #congratulate, "e% /"en $ sa/ "im' D' #t"ro/ a/a-, t"at (un.% t"is morning' G' #loo., into t"e matter% next /ee.' )K' #not live, in t"is castle% &or :KK -ears' C' 1ranslate into Bnglis"2 !uminic noaptea s-a abtut asupra >arii Jritanii o &urtun puternic, care a provocat moartea a C persoane i rnirea grav a altor D' +u &ost nregistrate de asemenea zeci de rniri uoare' 3umeroase ntreruperi ale curentului electric au &ost determinate de v ntul extrem de violent' >ainile staionate pe trotuare au &ost purtate de v nt la zeci de metri deprtare' Lna dintre victime a &ost atins de un arbore smuls de v nt' $mportante pagube au &ost aduse i unor nave care staionau n porturi' +u &ost recepionate apeluri ;F; lansate de o nav a&lat n larg'

E' Read t"e &ollo/ing text and t"en ans/er t"e 5uestions2 >ass communicators "ave a set o& common c"aracteristics /"ic" distinguis" t"em &rom ot"er groups and institutions' First o& all, mass communication is produced b- complex and &ormal organisations c"aracterised b- specialisation, division o& labour, &ocussed areas o& responsibilit-' 1"is means t"at mass communication /ill be t"e product o& a bureaucrac-' +s in most bureaucracies, decision-ma.ing /ill ta.e place at several di&&erent levels o& management and c"annels o& communication /it"in t"e organisation /ill be &ormalised' +not"er important &actor t"at c"aracterises t"e mass communicator is t"e presence o& multiple gate.eepers' + gate.eeper is a person or group /"ic" "as control over /"at material eventuall- reac"es t"e public' Hate.eepers exist in large numbers in all mass communication organisations, some being more obvious t"an ot"ers' 1"e t"ird rule is t"at mass communication organisations need a great deal o& mone- to operate, so t"at t"e- "ave to "ave strong &inancial resources in order to penetrate t"e mar.et' 1"at is t"e reason /"- small companies unite and &orm ?mega-media concerns@' +not"er c"aracteristic o& mass communicators is t"at t"ese organisations exist to ma.e pro&it' 1"e consumer is t"e ultimate source o& t"is pro&it, but t"ere are various secondarmeans o& &inancing' Mast but not least, mass communication organisations are "ig"lcompetitive' ;ince t"e audience is t"e source o& pro&it, mass communicators compete /it" eac" ot"er as t"e- attempt to attract t"e public' Questions27"ic" are t"e &ive c"aracteristics o& mass communicators6 7"at is a gate.eeper6 7"- s"ould mass communication be &ormalised6 7"ic" is t"e ultimate source o& mass communicators6 7"do mass communication organisations compete6 7"at are mega-media concerns6

*' Complete t"e missing /ords in t"e &ollo/ing texts2 a' 1"e struggles /"ic" 000to trans&orm t"e legitimate "ierarc"ies t"roug" t"e legitimating o& a still 000art or genre, suc" as p"otograp"- or t"e strip cartoon, or t"roug" t"e 000o& minor or neglected aut"ors, are precisel- /"at creates legitimac- bcreating belie& in t"e value o& t"e 000in /"ic" t"e value is produced and reproduced' 1"ese arts, not -et &ull- legitimate, /"ic" are 000or neglected b- t"e big "olders o& educational capital, o&&er a 000and a revenge to t"ose /"o, b- appropriating t"em, trto remove t"e existing s-stems, "aving in t"e same time a great impact over t"e 000' >issing /ords2 aim, disdained, game, illegitimate, re&uge, audience, re"abilitation' b' 7"at ma.es a best seller6 1"is is a sixt--&our dollar 5uestion' $t can be ans/ered, 00 0largel- b- guess and summarise, and never satis&actor- to t"e 000/"o /ants a &ormula' 1"e creation o& a best seller does not &ollo/ an exact 000an-more t"an does t"e ma.ing o& a 000man' >oreover, since t"ere is not (ust one 000audience, no single &ormula could be expected' 1"ere are certain elements o&000appeal, as religion, sensationalism, in&ormation and guidance, or adventure, democrac-, "umour, 000, (uvenile suitabilit-, timeliness and so on' >issing /ords2 t"oug", best seller, pattern, success&ul, in5uirer, c"aracterisation, popular'

D' 7rite an essa- about soap operas'

G' Hive t"e s-non-ms and anton-ms o& t"e &ollo/ing /ords2 pro&it agent extensive irrational popular distinguis"ed revenue demand to gat"er to conceal

)K'Complete t"e sentences /it" t"ese p"rases2 standing ovation soap opera supporting roles lo/-budget prime-time box-o&&ice success sub-titles &inal curtain )!espite being a critical disaster, t"e &ilm /as a "uge 000 :1"e orc"estra and t"eir conductor /ere given a000at t"e end o& t"e concert' <People /"o are addicted to a particular 000seldom miss an episode' A$t /asn4t until t"e 000&ell t"at t"e audience voiced t"eir disapproval b- "issing and booing' C+t t"e local arts cinema, &oreign &ilms are usuall- s"o/n /it" 000, and onloccasionall- dubbed' ECompared /it" most +merican bloc.busters, it /as a 000&ilm, as ver- little &unding /as available' *Programmes on 000television attract t"e greatest number o& vie/ers' a' D+lt"oug" t"e lead actor and actress /ere excellent, t"e 000/ere ver- /ell acted, too' $& mone- /ere not spent on advertising, it ))' =oin t"e "alves2 /ould give manu&acturers t"e opportunitto )&latter t"e target audience b- pandering to t"eir sel& image and ma.ing t"em more b' receptive to t"e advertising message' ;ome &irms spend large sums o& mone- on :substantiall- reduce t"e cost o& t"e goods to t"e consumers' <remind t"e public t"e name o& t"e brand' advertising to Aensure t"at advertisers do not ma.e &alse statements about t"eir products, services' c' Cattract t"e suc" as and motorists' 1"e targetattention audienceo& is people t"e selection o&pedestrians t"e Ecommunicate bet/een t"ose /it" goods and services to sell and t"ose /"o mig"t bene&it &rom t"ose goods and services' population to *Reduce large numbers o& t"eir /or.ers' d' D/"ic" t"e advertising message o& a television or radio is sung' + (ingle is a s"ort tune to G/"om t"e advertisement is intended to appeal e' )Krestrict t"e entr- o& competitors into t"e mar.et' Bgo bait is intended to ))advertise t"roug"out t"e /orld /it" a single commercial' &' ):Protect t"emselves against t"eir o/n too-optimistic &orecasts' >an- manu&acturers see advertising as an insurance polic- /"ic" gives t"em t"e opportunit- to g' +dvertising can be seen as a means to "' 1"e advent o& satellite television "as opened up possibilities &or international advertising agencies to i' + "oaring is a site &or poster advertising /"ic" some &irms use to (' $& manu&acturers do not advertise /"en sales &all t"e- mig"t "ave to .' 1"e 1rade !escriptions +cts /ere passed to l' 1"e purpose o& muc" advertising

):' 1ranslate t"e &ollo/ing sentences, using t"e &ollo/ing verbs and p"rasals2 to account &or, to elucidate, to explain, to expound, to interpret' )' ncearc s-i explici, sigur va nelege' :' +sta explic de ce n-au venit la timp' <' +daugi o not explicativ la scrisoare' A'1eoria aceasta trebuie s &ie explicat n detaliu pentru a &i neleas corect' C'B o nenelegere care se cere explicat c t de cur nd' E' Bxplic acest pasa( n mod personalR *'Na trebui s te expliciR D'Fboseala nu explic totulR G' > ine va ine o prelegere i i va explica doctrina' )K' +daug un comentariu la lucrare, acesta va explica sensul ntregii aciuni'

IV. T&E "O'ER OF T&E "RESS

)' 1ranslate into Bnglis" a letter o& re5uest and a letter o& application2 a' !omnule !ecan, ;ubsemnatul 0000000, student n anul 000 la Facultatea 000000 din cadrul Lniversitii0000', v rog s mi aprobai cazarea n unul din cminele universitii pentru anul universitar )GGG-:KKK' ;olicit acest lucru deoarece am absolvit anul universitar anterior cu media 00i nu domiciliez n aceast localitate' N mulumesc anticipat' !ata20000' ;emntura200000''

b' ;timate domn, Re&'2 +sistent I !epartamentul Relaii Publice +m a&lat prin intermediul anunului aprut n ziarul ?Rom nia liber@ din data de :C octombrie )GGG despre oportunitile de anga(are pe care &irma dumneavoastr de publicitate le o&er studenilor' !up cum vei vedea din Curriculum Nitae alturat, sunt sudent n anul 00 la &acultatea 00000'+m obinut rezultate &oarte bune n anii de studiu anteriori, iar perioadele de practic au constituit nceputurile &ormrii mele ca viitor specialist n domeniu' + dori s scot n eviden calitile pe care consider c le posed i care cred c vin n nt mpinarea cerinelor postului o&erit de dumneavoastr' Caliti comunicaionale -tiu s m &ac uor neles i reuesc n multe cazuri s i conving pe ceilali s adopte ideile mele, lucrez &oarte bine n ec"ip'Cunotine teoretice de comunicare sociali relaii publice - dob ndite la cursurile i seminariile din &acultate'Cunotine temeinice de limba englezi computer - dob ndite pe perioada liceului i a anilor de &acultate' !ac aceste abiliti sunt de interes pentru &irma dumneavoastr, sper c m vei contacta la adresa menionat mai sus' n cazul unui interviu, v voi explica mai amnunit de ce consider c sunt potrivit pentru postul de asistent la !epartamentul Relaii Publice'

:' Rearrange t"e &ollo/ing paragrap"s in t"e correct order to ma.e up a covering letter' a' +t t"e moment $ am /or.ing part time as an independent agent &or Romanian and Herman importers o& C"inese textiles and c"emical products' $ &ind t"e relevant C"inese &actories &or t"e bu-ers, negotiate &or t"em and translate t"eir contracts into C"inese, Romanian or Bnglis"' b' $ /ould appreciate i& -ou considered meeting or spea.ing /it" me /it"in t"e next t/o mont"s about t"e possibilit- o& m- /or.ing &or -our compan-' c' $ am /riting in order to en5uire about t"e possibilit- o& an opening in -our compan-' >goal is to &ind a position in an international compan- and $ /ould be interested in eit"er researc" and development or mar.eting and sales' d' Please &ind enclosed m- CN containing &urt"er details o& m- educational bac.ground experience' e' $ am particularl- interested in &inding a position t"at /ould o&&er me management training, and t"at /ould involve m- .no/ledge o& c"emical processes and m- &oreign language s.ills' &' >- long experience o& activel- participating in committee meetings as a representative o& m- student unit "as given me good presentation s.ills, as $ am able to present ideas clearl- and concisel- to an audience' g' 1"e liaison /or. $ "ave been doing "as been c"allenging' $ "ave learnt a great deal about t"e cultural di&&erences in conducting business /it" +sian and Buropean clients' "' $ see m- strong points as m- abilit- to lead teams and manage tas.s and groups, ta.e t"e initiative, solve problems, ma.e decisions and open and maintain &riendlrelations"ips /it" people &rom all /al.s o& li&e, $ "ave limitless energ- and $ am /illing to /or. "ard to ac"ieve all t"e goals o& an- tas. $ am set' <' >a.e up p"one a dialogue or a letter on t"e &ollo/ing topics2 a' ,ou are a student' +rrange t"roug" t"e telep"one an appointment at -our dean /it" t"e secretar- o& t"e &acult-' b' 7rite a letter o& t"an.s &or t"e sc"olars"ip o&&ered to -ou b- t"e board o& t"e &acult-' c' 7rite a polite letter o& re&usal to ta.e part in t"e opening ceremon- o& an organisation'

A' ;uppl- t"e correct tense o& t"e verbs in brac.ets2 a' $ /on4t call -ou i& not"ing #to "appen%000000' b' $& t"e engine #not to be cold% 00 0000, don4t pull out t"e c"o.e control' c' $ /ill call t"e electrician i& t"e lig"ts #to &ail% 0 00000 again' d' $& more governments #to /a.e up% 000000to /"at is "appening, per"aps "e /ould be able to avoid t"e disaster' e' $t /ould be ris.- i& -ou #to drive% 000 000 t"is old car to ;pain' &' $ /ould ta.e t"e da- o&& i& $ #to "ave% 000000 stomac" ac"e' g' $ #to stop% 000000 /or.ing i& $ /on a lot o& mone-' "' $& t"e- #to c"ange% 00 0000 more mone-, t"e- could "ave sta-ed in a "otel' i' Per"aps dad /ouldn4t "ave been so surprised i& "e #to "ear% 000000 t"e bo-s tal.ing about it' (' Bven $ "ad run as &ast as $ could, $ #to miss% 000000 t"e bus' C' Complete t"e &ollo/ing conditional structures2 a' $& it doesn4t rain &or mont"s 000000' b' $& a driver sees a zebra crossing t"e street 000000' c' $ s"all be "app- i& 000000' d' $ s"ould be ric" and success&ul i&000000' e' $ /on t"e prize unless 000000' &' $& $ /ent to visit Mondon, 000000' g' $ s"ould "ave called -ou i& 000000' "' $ /ould "ave boug"t m-sel& a ne/ car in case000000' i' 9ad $ been in -our place 000000' (' Lnless "e "ad told me di&&erentl- 000000' E' 1ranslate into Bnglis"2 a' )' !ac i vei &ace datoria, vor &i mulumii' :' !ac ne-am &i oprit acolo, am &i a(uns napoi &oarte t rziu' <' 3u &ura merele dac ceilali biei nu-l ndemnau s o &ac' A' !ac l vei ntreba ce nseamn pentru el reclama, i va spune ceva ciudat' C' !ac ai lua un ziar, ai gsi probabil un numr de cuvinte pe care nu le nelegi' E' !ac din nt mplare nu voi veni la timp, nu m atepta' *' !ac a &i n locul tu, a &ace orice mi-ar spune' D' !ac a &i &ost at t de obosit, mi-a &i luat c teva zile de concediu' G' n caz c m-ar &i cutat, sora mea nu m-ar &i dat la tele&on' )K' ; &i tiut ce m ateapt, nu m-a &i anga(at acolo' b' 0i tot ast&el, dac nc"id un oc"i, vd m na mea mai mic dec t cu am ndoi' !e a ave trei oc"i, a vede-o i mai mare, i cu c t mai muli oc"i a ave, cu at ta lucrurile toate dimpre(urul meu ar pre mai mari' Cu toate astea, nscut cu mii de oc"i, n (urul unor artri colosale, ele toate, n raport cu mine pstr ndu-i proporiunea, nu mi-ar pre nici mai mari, nici mai mici dec t mi par azi' #>i"ai Bminescu I ;rmanul !ionis%

*' Read and translate t"e &ollo/ing text and t"en ans/er t"e 5uestions' +t t"e individual level, t"e &unctional approac" to media is given t"e general name o& t"e uses-andgrati&ications model' $n its simplest &orm, t"is model posits t"at audience members "ave certain needs t"at are satis&ied b- using non-media and media sources' 1"e actual needs satis&ied b- t"e media are called media grati&ications' Fur .no/ledge o& t"ese grati&ications t-picall- comes &rom surve-s t"at "ave as.ed people a large number o& 5uestions about "o/ t"e- use media' ;everal researc"ers "ave classi&ied t"e various uses and grati&ications into a &our&old categor- s-stem2 cognition, diversion, social utilit-, /it"dra/al' Cognition means t"e act o& coming to .no/ somet"ing' 7"en a person uses a mass medium to obtain in&ormation about somet"ing, t"an "e or s"e is using t"e medium in a cognitive /a-' !iversion can ta.e man- &orms, including2 stimulation, or see.ing relie& &rom boredom or t"e routine activities o& ever-da- li&eO relaxation, or escape &rom t"e pressures and problems o& da--to-da- existenceO emotional release o& pent-up emotions and energ-' Ps-c"ologists "ave also identi&ied a set o& social integrative needs, including our need to strengt"en our contact /it" &amil-, &riends and ot"ers in our societ-' 1"e media &unction t"at addresses t"is need is called social utilit-, and t"is usage can ta.e several &orms2 t"at o& conversational currenc- #media provide a common ground &or social conversation% or t"at o& parasocial relations"ip #t"e 1N set represents a voice in t"e "ouse &or people /"o mig"t ot"er/ise be alone%' Fn t"e ot"er "and, "umans occasionall- need to escape &rom certain activities and t"e- use media not onl- &or relaxation but also &or purposes t"at are best described as /it"dra/al uses' +t times, people use t"e mass media to create a barrier bet/een t"emselves and ot"er people or ot"er activities' For example, t"e media "elp people avoid certain c"ores t"at must be done' Questions21o /"at does t"e ?uses and grati&ications model@ re&er6 7"ic" are t"e main grati&ications obtained t"roug" t"e media6 7"ic" are t"e basic &orms o& diversion t"roug" media6 7"at is social utilit-67"at is parasocial relations"ip67"at is /it"dra/al6

)' 1ranslate into Bnglis"2 n general, mass media sunt clasate n categorii, n &uncie de c teva criterii2 ntinderea audienei #potenial8e&ectiv, local8naional8internaional%O natura mesa(elor #audiovizuale8textuale%O nclinaii spre anumite obiective #&uncii I a in&orma8a distra%' Criteriul cel mai pertinent de a le deosebi const n modalitatea de comunicare deosebindu-se trei mari &amilii2 mediile autonome, care nu au pentru transmitere un suport te"nic speci&ic #cri, ziare%O mediile de di&uziune, care au ca suport de di&uziune undele "ertziene i care pot acoperi simultan spaii &oarte mari #radio, 1N%O mediile de intercomunicare, permi nd o comunicare la distan n dublu sens #tele&onul%' !up alte criterii, mediile pot &i clasi&icate n2 medii de prezentare #vocea, corpul, &aa%, cele care &olosesc limba(ul natural al cuvintelor, mimica, gesticaO medii de reprezentare #crile, pictura, &otogra&iile, ar"itectura%, cu caracter simbolic i coe&icient de creativitateO mediile mecanice #tele&on, radio, 1N%' :'7rite an essa- giving -our opinion about t"e role o& media in one o& t"e &ollo/ing situations2

a' 1"e rise and &all o& super-stars in music industr- #example2 >ic"ael =ac.son%' b' 1"e image o& t"e president o& a countr- &or t"e citizens #example2 t"e role o& media during t"e 7atergate scandal, /"ic" latel- broug"t to t"e resignation o& president Ric"ard 3ixon%' )K' !o t"e &ollo/ing exercises2 a'Complete eac" sentence /it" a /ord &ormed &rom one o& t"ese verbs2 catc", censor, circulate, cover, criticise' )' 1"e ne/ galler- /as given t"e seal o& approval b- t"e Fbserver4s art 000, /"o /rote several ent"usiastic articles about it' :' Ro- Ric"ardson is one o& t"e JJC4s veteran cric.et000'<' Lnder t"e Hovernment4s /artime 000rules, all ne/spaper articles "ad to be c"ec.ed b- o&&icials be&ore being printed' A, 1"e tabloids "ave excellent 000o& scandal and sport2 t"e 5ualit- papers deal /it" ever-t"ing else' C' 1"e local ne/spaper4s000&ell dramaticall- /"en t"e editor /as sac.ed' E' 1"at (ingle &rom t"e teabag ad is so 000t"at $ can4t get it out o& m- "ead' b' C"oose t"e correct /ord or p"rase &rom t"e pair in brac.ets to complete eac" sentence2 )1"e actors "ave been 000t"e pla- all t"is /ee.' #re"earsing8repeating%' :1"e audience applauded /ildl- /"en t"e director appeared on t"e 000 to ta.e "is bo/' #scene8stage% <$4ve been /atc"ing a &ascinating ne/ 000o& art programmes' #serie8series% A+lt"oug" t"e pla- "as a large number o& 000, it is comparativel- eas- to &ollo/ t"e plot' #c"aracters8persons% C$& -ou don4t li.e t"at programme, -ou can al/a-s s/itc" over to a di&&erent 000' #c"annel8canal% E1"e latest television dramatisation /as &ilmed entirel- 000in a countr- village not &ar &rom "ere' #in t"e /ild8on location% *7"ic" 000did >arlene !ietric" pla- in "er last &ilm6 #role8per&ormance% D7"at a /onde&ul 000o& ?+ >idsummer 3ig"t4s !ream@ t"at /as in t"e Bvening 9erald6 #critic8revie/%

))'Hive t"e s-non-ms and anton-ms o& t"e &ollo/ing /ords2 to motivate promotion usual satis&-ing compliance to recruit abilitrelevant casual s.ill purpose&ul lin. reliance regulation premise ):'1ranslate into Bnglis" t"e &ollo/ing sentences, using t"e verbs to notice, to observe, to perceive and to remar.' )+m observat imediat toate sc"imbrile din camer' :+ observat cineva c am nt rziat6 <3ici nu am observat c nd a venit tata' A +i &cut o observaie cam obraznic' C Fbserv-l cu mult atenie, s vezi ce &ace' E3u observ s &ie vreo di&eren ntre desene' *M-am observat de mult, &ii linitit' D+m observat o uoar ezitare n rspunsul ei' GM-am observat imediat n acel grup zgomotos' )K +m observat c nu mai purta inelul de logodn'

V. T&E NE'S"A"ERS AND T&E MA#A(INES

)' Complete t"e &ollo/ing sentences /"ic" open and close business letters2 a' Fur &irm is a/are t"at -ou are exporters o& 000 b' ,our name /as given to us b-000 c' 7e are in&ormed t"at -our &irm produces000and /e /ould be interested in000 d' $& -ou are interested in bu-ing our merc"andise /e in&orm -ou t"at000 e' 7e are ver- interested in -our o&&er as so 000 &' $& -ou agree /it" our terms, please 000 g' 7e are loo.ing &or/ard to 000 "' 7e t"an. -ou &or -our con&idence in us and 000 i' 9aving &avourabl- solved our &irst o&&er, /e "ope 000 (' 7e /ould certainl- appreciate 000 .' ,ou ma- be sure o& 000 l' Bnclosed to t"is letter 000 m' 7it" our best t"an.s 000 n' 7e .indl- entrust -ou t"at /e are able to settle t"e matter 000 :' 1ranslate into Bnglis" t"e &ollo/ing letters2 a. $etter o) orderi*+ ;timate domnule Causio, Nei gsi alturat comanda noastr, 3r' !RA<)E, de pulovere pentru tineri, toate culorile i mrimile pe care le o&erii n catalog' +m "otr t s acceptm reducerea de )C S i condiiile de plat pe care le dorii, dar insistm s rediscutm aceti termeni contractuali n viitorul apropiat' Nei gsi alturat documentele de transport i ordinul de plat de la Janca 3ort"minster din Jirming"am' !ac nu avei n stoc obiectele solicitate, v rugm s nu ne trimitei altele care s le nlocuiasc' N-am &i recunosctori dac ai &ace livrarea n termen de E sptm ni' +teptm cu nerbdare rspunsul dumneavoastr' Cu respect, Mionel Crane !irector general

,. $etter o) co-plai*t ;timate domnule Causio, N scriu pentru a &ace o pl ngere n legtur cu transportul de pulovere pe care l-am primit ieri n urma comenzii noastre din data de )K martie' Cutiile n care erau ambalate puloverele erau des&cute i preau c s-au rupt n timpul transportului' !in documentele pe care ni le-ai trimis, am constatat c <K de obiecte au &ost &urate, av nd valoare general de )'CKK T' !in cauza deteriorrii cutiilor, alte c teva obiecte nu mai pot &i v ndute ca articole noi' Pentru c v nzarea s-a &cut n bani g"ia, v rugm s ne contactai urgent pentru a stabili compensaiile' Nei gsi alturat o list cu bunurile disprute i cele deteriorate, iar noi vom pstra stocul intact p n c nd vom primi instruciunile dumneavoastr' Cu respect, Mionel Crane !irector general

<' C"oose a topic and /rite a letter2 a' Re5uest &or a catalogue &rom a &irm o& tapes and cassettes /"ose products -ou "ave seen at a &air' b' ,ou are t"e director o& an advertising agenc-, ans/er to t"e proposal o& co-operation o& a television station' c' +ns/er t"e t/o letters -ou "ave translated be&ore, on be"al& o& >r' Causio' d' 7rite a letter o& complaint &or t"e products -ou "ave ordered &rom a compan- o& cosmetics' 1"e items arrived to -ou ver- damaged' e' ,ou are t"e manager o& a &irm /"ic" o&&ers s"ipment &or goods' 7rite a repl- to anot"er compan-, explaining t"e /a-s in /"ic" -ou can "elp t"em /it" transport' &' ,ou are t"e manager o& a small compan-' 7rite a letter to a larger compan- in t"e same &ield, proposing to co-operate in certain activities'

A' Finis" t"e sentences2 )'$t is important t"at t"is paper 000 :'>- mot"er too. me to t"e cinema so t"at $ 000 <'9e didn4t dare s.i lest "e 000 A'$ /is" -ou 000 C'$ suggest t"at "e 000 C' Replace t"e $n&initive in brac.ets /it" t"e appropriate &orms o& t"e ;ub(unctive2 )' ,ou "ad better #to listen% 000 to me' :' $t is li.el- t"at "e #to be% 000 a/arded a prize' <' $ /is" -ou #to learn% 000 better' A' $ as.ed "er i& t"is #to be% 000 /"at s"e meant' C' ,ou loo. as i& -ou #to be% 000 tired' E' 7"oever t"e- #to be% 000 tell t"em to /ait' *' Bven t"oug" s"e #to as.% 000 s"e /ould not "ave been given an ans/er' D' $t is "ig" time -ou #to ma.e up% 000 -our mind /"et"er -ou /ant to do t"e (ob or not' G' ;"e "ad rat"er #to come% 000 /it" -ou' )K' $ s"ould li.e to "ave a rest rat"er t"an #to (oin% 000 -ou on t"e trip' E' 1ranslate into Bnglis"2 a' + sugerat s ne petrecem vacana la mare' b' > ndoiesc c va &i aici p n m ine' c' !ac este nevoie putem s ne oprim acum' d' +i &ace mai bine s mergi cu noi' e' C"iar dac ai &i insistat nu l-ai &i convins' &' ;-a "otr t ca proiectul s &ie gata p n la s& ritul lunii' g' +r &i bine s notezi aceste lucruri ca s nu le uii' "' >i-e team s nu se strice vremea' i' Pre&er s nv totul de la nceput' (' >i s-a ordonat s-mi sc"imb programul de lucru' .' Friunde ar lucra, ea ntotdeauna va &i ludat de toat lumea' l' $ndi&erent ce g ndeti despre mine nu-i dau roc"ia mea s-o pori la bal'

*' Conceive a composition on one o& t"e &ollo/ing topics2 a' 1"ings -ou /ould rat"er do' b' $& -ou /ere t"e &irst man on t"e moon, /"at /ould -ou /rite bac. "ome6 c' 7"ic" are -our secret /is"es6

D' 1ranslate into Bnglis"2 a' Pentru aniversarea celor zece ani de la cderea Uidului Jerlinului, ministrul &ederal german pentru problemele tineretului, C"ristine Jergmann, i autoritile noii capitale a Hermaniei reuni&icate au invitat circa )KKK de tineri din Buropa la o srbtoare ce va dura mai multe zile i care va avea punctul culminant pe G noiembrie, seara, de-a lungul urmei &ostului Uid i mai ales n &aa Porii Jrandenburg' n plan politic, &otii preedini sovietic i american, >i"ail Horbaciov i Heorge Jus", protagonitii reuni&icrii germane, &ostul i actualul cancelar, 9elmut Vo"l i respectiv Her"ard ;c"roeder, vor lua cuv ntul pe G noiembrie n Jundestag #camera in&erioar a parlamentului german%' n perioada C-)K noiembrie, tineri cu v rste cuprinse ntre )E i :C de ani, venii din Hermania i alte :A de ri europene, vor avea ocazia s cunoasc oraul i istoria sa i s discute mai ales cu martori direci ai cderii Uidului Jerlinului' n zilele denumite de guvernul german Festivalul european al tineretului, tinerii vor asista la numeroase con&erine privind rolul Jerlinului n Buropa i relaiile Bst-Nest, av nd ocazia de a-i &ace cunoscute opiniile privind edi&icarea n comun a continentului european, declara doamna Jergmann W0X' #Rom nia Miber, A noiembrie, )GGG%'

b' Revoluia din decembrie )GDG a adus n spaiul cultural rom nesc o problem puin dezbtut2 rolul elitelor n societate' P n la acel moment teoria sociali politic avusese drept principale inte gruprile socio-pro&esionale, structurile i raporturile dintre clasele sociale' !inamica socio-politic postdecembrist a scos la iveal insu&iciena unui asemenea tip de analiz' !iversitatea actorilor politici, coagularea raporturilor dintre liderii sau promotorii proceselor sc"imbrii i diversitatea structurii sociale ce se n&iripau n societatea desc"is de implozia totalitarismului, aduceau n prim planul re&leciei sociale nevoia de nuanare a discursului clasial' Pi aceasta ntruc t, dincolo de clase i categorii sociale, de aciunea colectiv, spontan sau organisat, articularea structurilor politice democrate i a societii civile a &ocalizat interesul social asupra a&lrii i impunerii de lideri' ; ne amintim de sloganul nceputurilor revoluiei ?+vem nevoie de un 9avel al nostru@, care, n a&ara conotaiilor antiiliesciene, a &ost expresia o&ertei reduse de personaliti apte s-i asume promovarea trans&ormrii radicale bene&iciind, n acelai timp, de o acceptare social convenabil' Paradoxal, odat clamat, acest imperativ nu a &ost prile( de compromis ntre personaliti sau grupri politice a&late n centrul evoluiilor politice' !impotriv, orgoliul unora a prevalat n &aa oportunitilor revoluiei, iar sloganul i-a accentuat repede trsturile luptei staliniste pentru putere, trans&orm ndu-se practic n ?=os $liescuR@' Revoluia nu a &ost &urat ci a &ost ratat, unele dintre ?elitele@ a&late la startul revoluiei ne&iind pregtite pentru a stp ni complexitatea partiturii, au optat pentru aria nvr(birii n sperana de a-i consolida poziiile' #+lexandru Florian I ?Blitele i revoluia@, in ?;ocietate i cultur@, )8)GGD%'

G' Read t"e &ollo/ing text and t"en ans/er t"e 5uestions' W0X 1"e ongoing political and economic trans&ormations in t"e Republic o& >oldova "ave induced a process o& reorganisation in t"e sp"ere o& media and in t"e legal &rame/or. o& t"e (ournalist /or.' 1"e lac. o& proper legal regulation in t"e totalitarian era "as made it practicall- impossible &or t"e media to publis" an- critical in&ormation concerning t"e upper ruling circles and a /"ole range o& social p"enomena' 1"e legislative vacuum engul&ing t"e sp"ere o& social li&e /as a&&ecting t"e media as /ell' $n recent -ears, media situation "as c"anged considerabl-' $n t"e course o& establis"ing a government o& la/, societ- could not disregard t"e media' 1"ere /as an urgent need to establis" a legal basis &or t"e /or. o& (ournalists' 1"e recent political and social c"anges disclosed man- social can.ers2 drugs, prostitution, organised crime, corruption in t"e upper levels o& government, t"e existing problems o& multiet"nic relations, t"e decreasing social status o& t"e language o& t"e most numerous et"nic group in t"e countr-, t"e need to adopt t"e Matin alp"abet' 1"e media /ere t"e &irst to sound t"e alarmO "o/ever, t"e response consisted in t"reats and accusations aimed at t"e most intrepid and "onest (ournalists' 1"e lac. o& media legislation /as more t"an obvious' 1"e long-a/aited da- came in )GGG /it" t"e adoption o& t"e Press and >edia +ct #still /it"in t"e &ormer ;oviet Lnion%' Fn its rati&ication, t"e act came into e&&ect in t"e Republic o& >oldavia' 1"is act eliminated t"e strict political control over t"e press and provided acceptable /or. conditions &or t"e (ournalists' $t establis"ed t"e &reedom o& media and t"e inadmissibilit- o& censors"ip' 3o/ t"ere /as more &reedom, but t"e responsibilit- o& t"e editorial sta&& and t"e aut"or &or t"e publis"ed in&ormation increased as /ell' 3evert"eless, t"e &reedom o& press is not absolute' 1"e press is pro"ibited &rom disclosure o& state secrets, propaganda o& /ar, cruelt-, and violence, race, national, and religious discrimination' +not"er important point is t"e legalisation o& t"e rig"t to publis"ing' 1"e act establis"ed t"at media ma- be &ounded b- government agencies, la/&ull- acting parties and organisations, as /ell as bprivate persons o& legal age' 1"e act also regulated t"e relations bet/een editors and &ounders, editors and aut"ors, stipulating also t"e rig"t o& t"e editors to collect in&ormation' 1"us, conditions /ere set to grant &reedom o& speec" and &reedom o& press and to give all po/er structures t"e opportunit- to propagate t"eir vie/s t"roug" t"e mass media' 1"is legislative act /as in line /it" t"e re5uirements o& t"e respective "istorical period W0X' #?Freedom o& ;peec" and Freedom o& Press in t"e Republic o& >oldova@, b- +lla J-elostec"ni., in ?Jal.an >edia, vol' N, no' :, summer )GGE8)GG*%'

Questions2 7"at c"anged in t"e >oldavian legislation concerning media in t"e beginning o& t"e GK4s6 7as it eas- &or t"e >oldavian (ournalists to do t"eir (ob6 7"at di&&iculties did t"e- encounter6 7"at /ere t"e main provisions o& t"e Press and >edia +ct o& )GGK in >oldova6 7as t"is la/ all t"at t"e (ournalists needed to protect t"eir /or. conditions6 !o -ou t"in. it is eas- to /or. as a (ournalist in a small &ormer communist countr-6

)K' $nsert in t"e blan.s t"e rig"t /ord2 a' 7e s"ould consider t"e ma(or c"anges in 000't"at /ere prompted b- t"e success o& t"e mass press during t"e )D<<-)DEK period' $n s"ort, /e can identi&- &our suc" c"anges' 1"e 000'press, sold &or a penn- dail-, c"anged t"e basis o& economic support &or 00 0', t"e pattern o& t"e ne/spaper 000', t"e de&inition o& /"at constituted 000'and t"e 000'o& ne/s collection' Je&ore t"e penn- press, most o& a ne/spaper4s economic support came &rom 000'revenue' 1"e large circulation o& t"e penn- press made 000' realise t"at t"e- could reac" a large segment o& potential 000'b- purc"asing space' >oreover, t"e 000'o& t"e popular papers cut across political 000'and social 000' lines, t"ereb- assuring a 000'advertiser o& a broadl- based audience' +s a result, advertisers /ere greatl- attracted to t"is ne/ 000'and t"e 000'ne/spapers relied signi&icantl- more on advertising revenues t"an did t"eir predecessors' 1"e missing /ords are t"e &ollo/ing2 distribution, bu-ers, potential, mass, penn-, subscription, class, medium, readers"ip, tec"ni5ues, advertisers, ne/spapers, ne/s, part-, (ournalism' b' +ppearing /it" t"e consolidation trend and en(o-ing a s"ort but livel- reign /as 000' (ournalism' +t t"e end o& 7orld 7ar $, t"e Lnited ;tates &ound itsel& &acing a decade o& prosperit-2 t"e 000't/enties' 1"e radio, 9oll-/ood, t"e airplane, pro"ibition and +l Capone /ere all 000't"at captured national attention' $t /as per"aps inevitable t"at 0 00'/ould re&lect t"e times' 1"e papers t"at best exempli&ied (azz (ournalism all sprang up in 3e/-,or. bet/een )G)G and )G:GO all /ere c"aracterised b- t/o &eatures2 t"e- /ere 000', printed on a page t"at /as about one "al& t"e size o& a normal ne/spaper pageO t"e- /ere all ric"l- illustrated /it" 000'' 1"e 3e/-,or. !ail- 3e/s "ad a slo/ start but b- )G:A 000'on' $ts tabloid size /as easier &or t"e people to 000'/"ile reading on buses and 000'O it abounded /it" p"otos and 000'O /riting st-le /as simple and 00 0'' 1"e ?3e/s@ also blended a large portion o& 000' /it" its ne/s' Comic 000', gossip 000', advice to t"e lovers, 000' and sports /ere given large c"un.s o& space' 1"e missing /ords are t"e &ollo/ing2"oroscopes, roaring, sub/a-s, gossip, (azz, tabloids, caug"t, "andle, topics, p"otograp"s, cartoons, ne/spapers, strips, s"ort, entertainment'

))' 1ranslate into Bnglis", using t"e verbs to earn, to gain and to /in2 &' a' C t c tigi la &irma aceea6 $-a c66tigat 6ncrederea, a anga(at-o ca secretar6 particular6' b' C tig bine, are o cas mare i o main &rumoas' g' c' 3u c tigi nimic dac nu spui adevrul' 1rebuie s6 &acem ceva s6 c66tig6m timp' d' + c tigat premiul nt i la concursul de in&ormatic' "' e' B un tip interesant, a c tigat &aim internaional cu invenia lui' Finala a &ost c66tigat6 la puncte' i' (' C66tig6torii vor primi c6te un bilet de c6l6torie gratuit' 66i c66tig6 existen6a cum poate, nu se descurc6 )' obituar- +' critical assessment o& a boo., &ilm ):'!o t"e &ollo/ing exercises2 :' leader J' leading editorial article a' <' "oroscope C' regular article about celebrities ;uppl- t"e suitable /ords2 A' revie/ !' announcement o& a deat", /it" a s"ort + person C' gossip column biograp"/"o sends ne/s, articles, reports to a ne/spaper E' "eadline B' p"rase or title at t"e top o& an article is called 666'' *' deadline F' "umorous or satirical dra/ing /"o loo.s t"roug" t"e manuscript o& an article, D' cartoon H' time limit &or reporting ne/s corrects it, suggests c"anges and prepares it &or 9' prediction o& someone4s &uture according to t"e sign in t"e zodiac printing is called 666'' /"o sets up t-pe &or printing is called 666'' /"o bu-s a ne/spaper, magazine regularlis called 666'' /"o is engaged in publis"ing, editing or /or.ing &or a ne/spaper is called 666'' b' >atc" t"e /ords on t"e le&t /it" t"e correct de&initions'

VI. T&E RADIO AND T&E TE$EVISION

)' Fill in t"e &ollo/ing CN &ormat2 CURRICU$UM VITAE )Famil- name2 000 :First names2 000 <!ate o& birt"2 000 A3ationalit- and Passport 3o2 RF>+3$+3 - 000 CCivil status2 000 EContact address2 000 tel'2 YAK 000 * Bducation2 $nstitution DManguage s.ills2 #>ar. ) to C &or competence% Facult- o& 666 G>embers"ip o& pro&essional bodies2 !ate2 &rom #mont"8-ear%2 to #mont"8-ear% Fctober )G6 Fctober )G6 !egree#s% or !iploma#s%2 Jac"elor o& +rts -000 $nstitution )'Ft"er s.ills2 computer literate Facult:' Present position2 000 o& 666 !ate2 &rom #mont"8-ear%2 to #mont"8-ear% <',ears /it"in t"e &irm2 000 Fctober )G6 Fctober )G6 A' Ve- 5uali&ications2 !egree#s% or !iploma#s%2 Manguage >aster o& +rts in 666 Reading -000 $nstitution )'Pro&essional Bxperience Record2 ;pea.ing Lniversit- o& 666 -Facult7riting o& 666 !ate2 &rom #mont"8-ear%2 to #mont"8-ear% Romanian Fctober )G6 >a- )G6 >ot"er tongue !egree#s% or !iploma#s%2 "o.t/+raduate i* %%% Bnglis" C C :'Ft"ers2 C Frenc" C -d-namic, pro-active A -good communication8organisational < s.ills !ate2 &rom #mont"8-ear% to #mont"8-ear% Fctober )G6 =une )G6 Mocation 666, Romania Compan666 Position 666 !escription 666 #/"at -our tas.s are%

:' $ntervie/ >-t"s' 9ere are some assumptions about (ob intervie/s, some correct, some not' !ecide /"ic" o& t"em are real tips &or success in an intervie/ situation' )' a' 7"ile /aiting in t"e o&&ice, -ou s"ould (ust sit and /ait to be called' b' $ can predict and prepare &or DKS o& t"e 5uestions t"e intervie/er /ill as. me' Preparation /ill "elp me do /ell' c' $& t"e intervie/er as.s me i& $ "ave an- negative points or /ea.nesses $ s"ould indicate t"at $ "ave none' d' $t is per&ectl- acceptable to call t"e emplo-er /it"in t/o /ee.s o& submitting m- (ob application materials to as. /"en $ mig"t expect to "ear about t"e &inal decision' 1"eo&ten &ail to do t"at' e' 1"e most important time o& t"e intervie/ is t"e last &ive minutes, /"en $ discuss salar-, as. about "iring decision and close t"e intervie/' &' $ s"ould .eep m- ans/ers as s"ort as possible, so t"e intervie/er /ill "ave time to as. more 5uestions' g' $ can also as. 5uestions regarding t"e organisation o& t"e compan-' "' $ s"ould sa- t"at $ am loo.ing &or a (ob /"ic" can o&&er me greater c"allenge and more opportunities &or using m- s.ills' i' >ost emplo-ers issue invitations to intervie/ b- p"one' :' a' >- (ob intervie/ begins as soon as $ /al. t"roug" t"e o&&ice door' +s $ mig"t be under observation all t"e time, $ could as. t"e secretar- some &riendl- 5uestions about t"e organisation, in case t"e- as. "er opinion about me' b' 1"e intervie/er is t"e onl- one /"o can as. 5uestions' c' Je tact&ul, b- turning a possible negative situation into a positive one' For example, ?$ tend to neglect m- &amil- because $ o&ten /or. too late'@ d' $ s"ould mind "o/ $ loo. and sit' 7"at t"e intervie/er t"in.s about me in t"e &irst minutes /ill set t"e tone o& t"e intervie/' e' $ cannot prepare &or an intervie/ because2 $ do not .no/ i& $ /ill get an intervie/O $ do not .no/ /"at t"e intervie/er /ill as.O actuall-, once $ am invited to an intervie/, $ almost "ave a (ob' &' Fnce $ submit m- application papers &or t"e (ob, t"e proper t"ing to do is to /ait until $ "ear &rom t"e emplo-er' g' 1"e intervie/er is loo.ing &or t"oug"t&ul ans/ers t"at indicate some dept" on m- part' ;o $ s"ould go &rom general responses to speci&ics t"at indicate m- dept" o& .no/ledge and interest' "' $& as.ed /"- $ am leaving m- (ob, $ s"ould criticise m- colleagues or sa- $ &ind mpresent /or. boring and underpaid' i' $nvitations to intervie/s normall- come b- letter or telegram'

<' Fill in t"e blan.s /it" modal verbs2 )' +s t"e ot"ers insist on it -ou 000as t"e- sa-' :' ,ou 000go to Predeal, -ou loo. ver- tired' <' ?,ou 000&inis" -our /or. be&ore going on "olida-@' ?$ .no/ $000@' A' $ 0 00ta.e t"ese pills t"ree times a da-' C' ,ou 000smo.e cigars, t"e- /ill ruin -our "ealt"' E' $ /ant to get t"inner' 7"at 000$ do6 ,ou 000see a doctor about it' *' ,ou 0 00 stop drin.ing, or else -ou /ill get drun.' D' $& -ou 000.indl- /ait "ere, $Zll loo. &or "im' G' $ expected "im to be reasonable, but "e 000listened to me' A' Re/rite t"e &ollo/ing sentences beginning /it" ?9e said@, ?9e didn4t .no/@2 )' 7"at /ill =o"n do about it6 :' ,ou can go t"ere i& -ou tr-' <' >a- $ leave t"e room no/6 A' 7ill -ou come to m- place tomorro/6 C' $ must see "im immediatel-' E' ,ou needn4t do suc" a bad t"ing' *' Can $ come /it" -ou6 D' ,ou must read t"is boo.' G' ,ou s"all go to t"e universit-' )K' >ust $ attend t"e meeting6

C' 1ranslate into Bnglis"2 a' )' >ai bine ai sta acas p n te simi mai bine' :' 1recuse de miezul nopii i am propus s plecm, dar el nici nu voia s aud' <' + pre&era s nu-i spun ce tiu despre el' A' Fereastra nu se desc"ide, trebuie s o repari' C' +r trebui s te duci la concert, de ce s-l pierzi6 E' ; rspund latele&on6 *' mi pare ru, nu s-ar &i cuvenit s spun asta' D' 3u ndrzni s le povesteac prietenilor nt mplarea de team s nu r d de el' G' 1rebuie s m duc acolo c"iar acum6 3u, nu este nevoie' )K' Bram sigur c prietenul meu nu va avea cura(ul s-mi spun ce g ndete' b' ;tau deseori pe un scaun n c rciuma mea pre&erat, s beau un pa"ar de bere i s citesc ziarul de sear' +bia d cu oc"ii de mine, c nd 1om i trage scaunul l ng al meu i ncepe2 ?Poate am dreptate, sau poate greesc@, spune el, ?dar e un lucru pe care trebuie s-l admit, Blena e sigur cea mai drgu &at din lumeR@ Rareori m iart de povara de a-l asculta' C teodat mi vine s-i zic2 ?9ei, btr ne, mai cur nd mi-a citi ziarul dec t s te ascult@, dar de obicei nu m las inima s-i spun' mi zic doar mie2 ?C"iar trebuie s vorbeasc at t de mult despre ea6 !e ce uit c exist o limit a drepturilor prieteniei i c prietenii nu ar trebui s devin at t de groaznic de plicticoi6 +r trebui s existe o lege mpotriva acestui lucru' C t despre mine, dac stau s l ascult de &iecare dat cnd m duc la crcium, nu-mi rmne dect un singur lucru de &cut, s-mi sc"imb c rciuma' Pi apoi nici nu m intereseaz &rumuseea Blenei' ;igur, nu ndrznesc s-i spun toate astea lui 1om'

E' 1ranslate into Bnglis"2 ;uscitate de televiziune, controversele asupra e&ectelor mediilor audiovizuale au continuat s agite spiritele' Lnele persoane au rmas obsedate de teama c televiziunea, prin impactul direct i masiv al mesa(elor, amalgameaz sistemele de valori i criteriile aprecierilor estetice, duc nd la degradarea vieii culturale, iar pe de alt parte, c aceasta ndeplinete mai cur nd o &uncie conservatoare, n sensul c este utilizat de telespectator pentru a-i con&irma opiniile i valorile existente mai cur nd dec t pentru a le sc"imba' 1eleviziunea, se subliniaz adeseori, are e&ecte puternice, dar acioneaz preponderent n direcia conservrii atitudinilor i valorilor dominante ale sistemului'

*'1ranslate t"e &ollo/ing text and t"en summarise it in -our o/n /ords' 9istorians identi&- &our stages in t"e evolution o& broadcast programming' 1"e &irst covers t"e debut o& commercial radio in t"e )G:Ks' 9aving no precedents, experiments and entrepreneurs /ere unsure about /"at .inds o& programmes people /ould li.e to "ear' Radio attracted t"ousands o& personalities &rom man- &ields' Commercials /ere brie& and discrete' 1"e second period is called ?t"e golden age o& radio@, beginning /it" )G:D' +t t"e time, t"e air/aves /ere &illed /it" action and adventure, /it" vaudeville comed-, and t"e &irst entertainers appeared' 1"e t"ird stage o& programming lasted &rom )GAC until t"e earl- )GCKs, /"en television began its explosive gro/t"' Lnli.e t"at o& radio, t"e debut o& television /as &ree &rom con&usion about /"at constituted e&&ective programming' 1elevision /as perceived as ?radio /it" pictures@ and t"e structure o& t"e industr- /as modelled on t"ose o& radioO per&ormers and executives /ere dra/n &rom radio' +t t"e beginning o& t"e &ourt" stage, t"e golden age o& television, t"e reconstituted radio programmes dominated t"e television ratings' 1"e variet- s"o/ /as t"e most popular programme, t"en t"e action-adventure programmes too. over'

D' Fill in t"e blan.s2 >otion pictures and 0 0 0 are possible because o& t/o0 0 0 o& t"e "uman perceptional s-stem2 t"e p"i p"enomenon and t"e persistence o& 0 0 01"e p"i p"enomenon re&ers to /"at "appens /"en a person sees one lig"t0 0 0go out /"ile anot"er one close to t"e original is illuminated' 1o our e-es, it loo.s li.e t"e lig"t is actuall-0 0 0 &rom one source to anot"er' $n persistence o& vision, our e-es continue to see an image &or a 0 0 0 second a&ter t"e image "as actuall- disappeared &rom vie/' 1"ese are t"e missing /ords25uir., source, television, split, vision, moving

)' Remember t"e &ollo/ing /ords and p"rases' 1r- to ma.e sentences /it" t"em2 Blectronic media2 radio, /ireless set, tape-recorder, cassette recorder, record pla-er, transistor, /al.ie-tal.ie, "i-&i8stereo e5uipment' 7ave lengt"s2 s"ort, medium, long, ultra-s"ort, N9F' +ctivities &or radio and television2 to broadcast, to be on t"e air, to turn8s/itc" on8o&&, to turn do/n t"e volume, to listen to, to turn over to anot"er c"annel' 7"at is /rong /it" -our 1N set6 Flas"ingO "issingO stripes on t"e screen, it "as atmosp"erics, distortion o& t"e picture, t"e pictures go blan.'

:' 1ranslate t"e- &ollo/ing sentences, pa-ing attention to t"e verbs to rise and to raise2

)'Lltimul congres al partidului de guvernm nt i-a nc"is edina' :' >icii ntreprinztori au reuit s scoat din srcie numeroase &amilii americane n secolul trecut' <' Ma ultima edin, nimeni nu a ridicat nici o pretenie re&eritoare la data urmtoarei ntrevederi' A'Pentru a contracta un mprumut, orice &irm trebuie s prezinte o documentaie riguroas' C' > tem c aceast problem s-a ridicat i n anii precedeni, dar nu a avut nici un ecou' E'Pi-a &cut o mulime de dumani din cauza &elului su arogant de a &i' *' !ei se trezete &oarte devreme, nt rzie aproape de &iecare dat' D';e spune c marile companii americane au ridicat muli preedini la putere' G' +ceast persoan reuete ntotdeauna s se ridice la nlimea situaiei' )K' +stzi este tot mai greu s &ii n ton cu moda'

VII. REVISION
)7rite a s"ort letter to Pro&essor =ane Ja.er o& Fx&ord Lniversit- to t"an. "er &or leading t"e /or.s"op -ou organised at t"e &acult- in Juc"arest' >ention t"at -ou "ope to invite "er next -ear to tal. about anot"er aspect o& t"e same topic'

:+ &riend recentl- recommended a "olida- compan- &or particular destination' ,ou too. "is advice and "ad a /onder&ul "olida-' 7rite a note to t"an. "im &or "is recommendation and describe one or t/o "ig"lig"ts o& t"e "olida-'

<7rite a letter o& application to an advertising compan- /"ic" "as publis"ed in t"e local ne/spaper t"e speci&ications &or t"e position o& cop-/riter'

A 1ranslate into Bnglis"2

+r trebui s-l scrie' 1rebuie s-l scrie' + putut s-l scrie' ;e poate s-l &i scris' Probabil c la scris' +r &i putut s-l scrie' Poate s-l scrie' Na putea s-l scrie' +r putea s-l scrie' Na trebui s-l scrie' ;-ar putea s-l scrie' +r &i trebuit s-l scrie' 3u era nevoie s-l scrie' 3u i s-a permis s-l scrie'

C' 1ranslate t"e &ollo/ing text2 ;tret"er "esitated' ?3o I s"e4s not /ell, $4m sorr- to "ave to tell -ou@' ?+"@, said C"ad, ?$ must "ave "ad t"e instinct o& it' +ll t"e more reason t"en t"at /e s"ould start straig"t o&&@' ;tret"er "ad no/ got toget"er "at, gloves and stic., but C"ad "ad dropped on t"e so&a as i& to s"o/ "e /is"ed "e /ould ma.e "is point' 9e .ept observing "is companion4s t"ingsO "e mig"t "ave been (udging "o/ 5uic.l- t"e- could be pac.ed' 9e mig"t even "ave /is"ed to "int t"at "e /ould send "is o/n servant to assist'

E' Provide an alternative sentence beginning /it" t"e /ords in bold2 a' $ t"in. "e s"ould leave at once' $t4s time 0000 b' =o"n t"in.s "e .no/s all t"e ans/ers' 9e tal.s as i& 0000 c' $ /ould li.e -ou to clean t"e blac.board instead o& telling (o.es' $4d rat"er 0000 d' 7"- didn4t -ou tell me &irst t"ing in t"e morning6 $ /is" 0000 e' >- sister is getting married to a croo.' $ "ope s"e4ll c"ange "er mind' $& onl-0000 &' =o"n /ants to pla- t"e piano in order to earn mone-' 9e /ants to pla- t"e piano in order t"at 0000 g' $ /ill tell "im t"e trut" to avoid being punis"ed' $4ll tell t"e trut" &or &ear t"at 0000 "' Ho c"ange t"at dress immediatel-R $ insist t"at 0000 i' $t /ould be better &or -ou not to obe- t"e order' ,ou "ad better 0000 (' 9o/ about teac"ing t"em a lesson6 $ suppose 0000 *' C"oose t"e correct &orm2
)' 7"at do -ou usuall- do in -our &ree time6 a' $ am s/imming and reading a lot' b' $ go s/imming and do a lot o& reading' c' $ "ave been s/imming and reading a lot' d' $ am al/a-s reading and s/imming' :' 7"- do -ou &eel so tired no/6 a' $ "ave been /or.ing too muc" recentl-' b' 7e painted our &lat' c' $ am being ill so $ am receiving treatment' d' $ "ave got a &lu'

<' 1"an. -ou &or t"e lovel- dinner' 1"is roast 0 0 0 a' tastes superb' b' is tasting superb' c' "as superb taste' d' "as been tasting superb' A' $ /onder 0 0 0to ma.e it' a' "o/ long it did ta.e b' "o/ long did it ta.e c' "o/ long it too. d' "o/ long too. C' 9ere -ou are at lastR 0 0 0&or -ou &or <C minutes' a' $ "ave been /aiting b' $ "ave /aited c' $ "ad been /aiting d' $ /aited E' 9e 0 0 0to me about "is &uture plans over a -ear ago' a' "as spo.en b' "ad last spo.en c' last spo.e d' recentl- spo.e *' 1"e parties 0 0 0agreement last /ee. i& t"e- "ad "ad more time' a' must reac" b' could reac" c' could "ave reac"ed d' mig"t reac" D' $ am sorr- $ "aven4t given -ou a ring, $ 0 0 0too bus- over t"e past /ee.' a' /as b' "ave been c' "ad been d' am G' $t is "ig" time 0 0 0/"ere to go t"is summer' a' -ou /ill decide b' -ou decided c' -ou s"ould decide d' &or deciding )K' $& -ou 0 0 0decide ver- soon, -ou /ill end up sta-ing at "ome' a' /on4t b' don4t c' /ouldn4t d' aren4t to ))' $t4s a pit- -ou didn4t come to Bngland' +s -ou 0 0 0t"ere be&ore, -ou /ould "ave en(o-ed everminute o& t"e trip' a' /eren4t b' "aven4t been c' "adn4t been d' "ad been ):' $ 0 0 0"er somet"ing con&idential, but $ c"anged m- mind' a' /as to tell b' /anted to sac' /as going to tell d' /as going to sa)<' 0 0 0"al& o& t"e villa "ad burnt do/n' a' J- t"e time t"e &iremen arrived b' J- t"e time t"e &iremen "ad arrived c' 7"en t"e &iremen arrived d' 7"en t"e &iremen "ad arrived

)A' 7"en -ou 0 0 0"im again -ou /ill surel- notice t"e di&&erence in "is appearance' a' see b' /ill see c' are going to see d' are seeing

)C' 9e said "e 0 0 0to go to t"e t"eatre as "e "ad seen 9amlet t"ree times' a' didn4t /ant b' doesn4t /ant c' /ouldn4t d' /on4t )E' $ 0 0 0t"at m- teet" are in a bad state' a' told b' am said c' "ave been told d' "ave been said )*' $ 0 0 0it /as a good idea, but no/ it is too late' a' /ouldn4t t"in. b' t"in. "ardlc' don4t t"in. d' mustn4t t"in. )D' $ /onder /"at t"e problem is' 1"e guests 0 0 0come about seven' a' s"ould b' oug"t to c' s"ould "ave d' oug"t to "ave to )G' ,our "air is ver- untid-' ,ou 0 0 0' a' can "ave it cut' b' need "ave it cut' c' s"ould "ave it cut d' need cutting' :K' $ /is" =o"n 0 0 0drin. so muc" at ever- part-' a' did not b' does not c' /ould not d' not to

)' !iscuss in t"e space given belo/ t"e et"ics o& media' :' 1ranslate into Bnglis"2

) Pro&esiile necesit o pregtire special' >eseriile necesit munc manual cali&icat' :Uidarii, zugravii, geamgii, dulg"erii, electricienii, instalatorii i t mplarii lucreaz cu toii s construiasc o cas' < Bconomitii sunt specializai n management, mar.eting, comer, &inane sau contabilitate' AMa aceste birouri sunt anga(ai &uncionari, dactilogra&e i secretare' C +vocatul aprrii s-a nt lnit cu avocatul acuzrii i cei doi au "otr t s cear sc"imbarea (udectorului' E Regizorul, actorii i actriele au &cut grev pentru c nu erau pltii su&icient' *>ecanicul de locomotiv s-a pl ns o&erului de taxi c are o munc &oarte grea' D[estoarea a dus p nza croitoresei care a &cut o roc"ie &rumoasi apoi s-a nt lnit cu plrierul pentru ca acesta s &ac o plrie potrivit'
)K' 1ranslate into Bnglis"2 Puine ntreprinderi au ca scop comunicarea' >a(oritatea ntreprinderilor au un alt scop2 de a vinde un produs sau serviciu, de a satis&ace o nevoie social, de a realiza planuri sau de a duce unele politici' Pi totui, pentru a &ace toate acestea, ntreprinderile consum enorm de mult timp, energie i bani comunic nd' Famenii din ntreprinderi comunic n multe &eluri2 de la om la om, discuii n doi, n grupuri neo&ociale, n edine, oral, la tele&on, n scris, cu a(utorul calculatoarelor sau terminalelor, prin scrisori i rapoarte' 1oate aceste metode alctuiesc aa-zisa comunicare verbal'

VIII. '&AT IS "U0$IC RE$ATIONS%

)'7rite about t"e rules o& a debate'

:'7rite do/n &or or against opinions on one o& t"e &ollo/ing topics2 ;uggested topics2 )'Fantas- is /ort"ier t"an .no/ledge' :'1"e pen is more po/er&ul t"an t"e s/ord' <';c"ools destro- t"e personalit-' A'1"e place o& t"e /oman is in t"e .itc"en' C'1"e engine o& societ- is sel&is"ness'

<' Bxercises2 a' Put t"e verbs in brac.ets at t"e correct Mong or ;"ort $n&initive2 )' 9e "as decided #become% 0000 a mec"anic' :' 7ill -ou #come% 0000 to t"e t"eatre /it" me6 <' ,ou oug"t #revise% 0000 &or -our exams t"is /ee.' A' 7e can #/ait% 0000 &or -ou "ere' C' $ sa/ t"em #cross% 0000 t"e street' E' $ as.ed "er #repeat% 00 00 t"e 5uestion' *' $4d rat"er #/ait% 0000 &or -ou outside' D' 9e is #return% 0000 tomorro/' G' 1"e- /ere seen #compare% 0000 notes' )K' 1"is boo. is too di&&icult &or "er #understand% 0000' b' Put t"e verbs in brac.ets at t"e correct $n&initive or Herund2 )' $ /ill remember #give% 0000 -our mot"er -our message' :' $ remember #meet% 000 0 "im at -our birt"da- last -ear' <' Please stop #interrupt% 0000 me in t"e middle o& a sentence' A' 9e stopped #tal.% 0000 to "is &ormer pupils' C' !id -ou &orget #give% 0000 "im t"at message6 E' $ de&initel- recall #leave% 0000 m- coat in t"is room' *' $ li.e #c-cle% 0 000' D' $ li.e #/al.% 0000 in t"e rain' G' $ meant #tell% 0000 -ou, but $ &orgot' )K' 9e tried #sell% 0000 ne/spapers, #/or.% 0000 in a ca&\ and various ot"er (obs be&ore "e too. up #/rite%' A' 1ranslations2 a' )' ;unt sigur c argumentele mele o vor &ace s se rzg ndeasc' :' M-am s&tuit s renune la slu(ba aceea' <' +m auzit-o pe Carolina c nt nd asear la concertO nu m-am ateptat s aib o voce at t de &rumoas' A' Me voi permite copiilor s mearg la plimbare m ine diminea' C' $-am cerut s nu spun nimnui ceea ce vedea acolo' E' 3u are nici o scuz c a nt rziat' *' >ulumesc c m-ai a(utat s gsesc acest "otel' D' Bi au insistat s m duc acolo n seara aceea' G' Faptul c i tie numele este surprinztor' )K' ;e g ndete s participe totui la acest concurs' b' C, vezi, mintea e nsetat de priceperea lucrurilor, de ptrunderea tainelorO i os nda de a n&r nge aceast sete, de a tri &r potolirea ei, nsemna os nda de a te ntoarce la una din &ormele trecute, de care natura n-a &ost mulumit, nseamn os nda de a ucide n tine tocmai nsuirea cu adevrat i cu deosebire omeneasc' #$'+l'Jrtescu-Noineti I Cele mai vec"i amintiri%' C'7rite about t"e &uture plans -ou "ave &or -our li&e and career, using as man- $n&initive and Herund &orms as -ou can'

E' 1ranslate t"e &ollo/ing text2 1o aid in understanding t"e "istor- o& &ormal public relations as /ell as its practice toda-, Pro&essors 1a-e. E. #ru*i+ o& t"e Lniversit- o& >ar-land and Todd &u*t o& Rutgers2 1"e ;tate Lniversit- o& 3e/ =erse- "ave constructed &our models o& public relations' +ll &our models are practiced toda-, but t"e ?ideal@ one I t"at in increasing use I is t"e t/o/a- s-mmetric model' 1"e- explain t"eir models in t"eir )GDA boo. >anaging Public Relations2 "re.. A+e*tr23"u,licit2. Propaganda is t"e purpose, soug"t t"roug" one-/acommunication t"at is o&ten incomplete, distorted, or onl- partiall- true' 1"e model is source]receiver' Communication is vie/ed as telling, not listening, and little i& anresearc" is underta.en' ".T. 0ar*u- /as t"e leading "istorical &igure during t"is model4s "e-da- &rom )DCK to )GKK' ;ports, t"eater, and product promotion are t"e main &ield o& practice toda-' "u,lic I*)or-atio*. !issemination o& in&ormation, not necessaril- /it" a persuasive intent, is t"e purpose' 1"e model is source]receiver' Researc", i& an-, is li.elto be con&ined to readabilit- tests or leaders"ip studies' I42 $ee is t"e leading "istorical &igure during t"is model4s earl- development period &rom about )GKK into t"e )G:Ks' Hovernment, nonpro&it associations, and business are primar- &ields o& practice toda-' T5o/'a2 A..2-etric. ;cienti&ic persuasion is t"e purpose and communication is t/o/a-, /it" balanced e&&ects' 1"e model is source]receiver /it" &eedbac. #^% to t"e source' Researc" is bot" &ormative, "elping to plan an activit- and to c"oose ob(ectives, and evaluative, &inding i& t"e ob(ect "as been met' I42 $ee is t"e leading "istorical &igure during t"e model4s period beginning in t"e )G:Ks' Competitive business and public relations &irms are t"e primar- places o& practice toda-' T5o/'a2 S2--etric' Haining mutual understanding is t"e purpose, and communication is t/o-/a- /it" balanced e&&ects' 1"e model is group]group /it" &eedbac. #^%' Formative researc" is used mainlbot" to learn "o/ t"e public perceives t"e organisation and to determine /"at conse5uences t"e organisation "as &or t"e public, resulting in t"e counseling o& management about policies' Bvaluative researc" is used to measure /"et"er a public relations e&&ort "as improved bot" t"e understanding publics "ave o& t"e organisation and t"at /"ic" management "as o& its publics'

*' $magine a dialogue bet/een >r' 7a.e&ield and "is /i&e in t"e text belo/2 ?Met us no/ imagine 7a.e&ield bidding adieu to "is /i&e' $t is t"e dus. o& an Fctober evening' 9is e5uipment is a drab greatcoat, a "at covered /it" an oilclot", top-boots, an umbrella in one "and and a small port-manteau in t"e ot"er' 9e "as in&ormed >rs' 7a.e&ield t"at "e is to ta.e t"e nig"t coac" into t"e countr-' ;"e /ould &ain in5uire t"e lengt" o& "is (ourne-, its ob(ect, and t"e probable time o& "is returnO but, indulgent to "is "armless love o& mister-, interrogates "im onl- b- a loo.' 9e tells "er not to expect "im positivel- b- t"e return coac", nor to be alarmed s"ould "e tarr- t"ree or &our da-sO but at all events, to loo. &or "im at supper on Frida- evening'@ #?7a.e&ield@, b- 3at"aniel 9a/t"orne%

D' >atc" t"e /ords listed belo/ /it" t"e dictionar- de&initions /"ic" &ollo/2 s"are"olders, dividends, strategic, tactical, expertise, eminent, &re5uentl-, obligations, remuneration, delegation, curtness, co-ordinate, diversi&-, ob(ectives, ta.e-over, integrit-, executive, enterprise, administration, con&licting, ma(orit-, arbitrar-, initiate, compliance, generalist' )'1o avoid t"e situation /"ere all t"e eggs are in one bas.et' :';omeone in a position o& aut"orit-' <'+n underta.ing /it" a vie/ to pro&it' A'1"e 5ualit- o& being reliable and straig"t&or/ard' C'Jrevit- to t"e point o& rudeness' E'Pa-ments made to t"ose /"o o/n t"e e5uit- o& a compan-' *'1o bring toget"er e&&ectivel-' D'1"e decision /"ic" c"ooses t"e direction in /"ic" t"e compan- is going' G'1"e part o& a business concerned /it" da--to-da- problems' )K' Fpposing or var-ing ))' >eeting /it" t"e set re5uirements' ):' ;omeone /"o is able to contribute to a business in a variet- o& its departments' )<' 9aving a reputation in a particular branc" o& business, suc" as la/' )A' 1"e sort o& decision /"ic" is not based on &acts' )C' 1"e opposite o& rig"ts' )E' 1argets or goals' )*' 1o commence or start' )D' >ore t"an "al&, &or example, o& votes cast' )G' Part proprietors o& a compan-' 1"ose /"o collectivel- o/n t"e e5uit-' :K' ;pecialised s.ill or .no/ledge' :)' + description &or salar-, usuall- reserved &or more senior o&&icers' ::'1"e act o& giving aut"orit- to one4s subordinates, /"ile retaining t"e responsibilit- &or t"e outcome' :<' 1"e situation /"en a ma(orit- o& a compan-4s voting s"ares are ac5uired b- outsiders' :A' Fccurring o&ten' :C'1"e decision /"ic" concerns using t"e resources /"ic" "ave been allocated to t"e best possible e&&ect'

G' Lsing t"e verbs to loo. &or, to see. and to searc", translate t"e &ollo/ing sentences into Bnglis"2 a' Caut bine, sunt sigur c l-am pus acoloR b' Ce caui6 Pot s te a(ut6 c' Bi, ai gsit ce-ai cutat, ce s-i &aciR d' 9ai s cutm bine prin toate sertarele' e' Ma treizeci de ani Judd"a a plecat n cutarea nelepciunii' &' F ec"ip de salvare a i plecat de(a n cutarea ec"ipa(ului pierdut' g' !up ce l-au cutat bine prin buzunare i-au dat drumul' "' +m scotocit toate " rtiile degeaba, n-am gsit ce cutam' i' 1e-am cutat prin mulime dar nu te-am gsit' (' ;e pare c o caui cu lum narea, o s-o ncurciR )K' Find s-non-ms and opposites &or t"e &ollo/ing /ords2 mobile public to con&irm to reveal to distinguis" to decline, ras"l- autocraticall- decisivelpurpose&ull- to concentrate

IX. '&O IS T&E IMA#E 0UI$DER%

)' 1ranslate t"e &ollo/ing article &rom 1"e 1imes2 Ala* &a-ilto* /atc"es t"e Queen venture into a strange /orld o& trainers and plastic /as"ing-up bo/ls 1"ose determined to portra- t"e monarc" as a people4s Queen could "ardl- "ave designed a more populist da- out &or "er -esterda-2 s"e spent t"e morning in Bllesmere Port, s"opping &or .itc"en/are and a pair o& trainers, sustaining "ersel& /it" a visit to a drive-in >c!onald4s' Jeing t"e Queen, s"e boug"t neit"er canvas s"oes nor plastic /as"ing-up bo/l, and no Jig >ac passed t"e ro-al lips' Jut as an exercise in care&ull- stage-managed /indo/-s"opping, it opened t"e e-es o& bot" ;overeign and sub(ects' 9er visit to t"e C"es"ire Fa.s !esigner Futlet Nillage &itted t"e ne/ pattern t"at "as emerged to counter criticisms o& remoteness t"at sur&aced a&ter t"e deat" o& !iana, Princess o& 7ales' 1-picall- on an a/a- da-, t"e Queen no/ meets &ar more ordinar- people in ever-da- situations and &ar &e/er &lun.e-s' +s t"e ro-al limousine dre/ up outside t"e burger bar, t"ere seemed a momentar- danger t"at t"e Queen mig"t "ave to go inside to learn t"e m-steries o& Quarter-Pounders and C"ic.en >c3uggetsO but s"e /as spared, and "er meeting /as restricted to meeting t"e sta&& on t"e pavement outside' ;"e loo.ed a mite glum' Pausing brie&l- to tal. to members o& a s"opping motabilit- group, and to be told t"at it /ould cost "er T< to "ire a batter- /"eelc"air, t"e Queen decided to /al., &irst to 7"ittard4s Co&&ee and Vitc"en/are store to bro/se among t"e utensils' ?;"e /as &ascinated b- t"e plastic bo/lsO s"e couldn4t ma.e out /"at t"e/ere made o&@, t"e manageress Vatie Jellis said later' 1"e s"op presented "er /it" a green glass bo/l and some barbecue tools, /"ic" ma- -et &ind emplo-ment at Jalmoral' 1"e ro-al s"opping entourage moved on to t"e Reebo. store, /"ere s"e engaged t"e manager !arr-l Peacoc. in conversation on t"e latest in sports s"oes' ?$ as.ed i& s"e /ould li.e to bu- a pair, but s"e (ust smiled' ;"e did ta.e an interest in one s/eater /"ic" s"e said Prince P"ilip mig"t li.e@, >r' Peacoc. reported' Barlier t"e Queen, accompanied b- t"e !u.e o& Bdinburg", "ad toured t"e nearb- Jlue Planet a5uarium, t"e largest in Jritain, to come &ace to &ace /it" a sand tiger s"ar.O &ortunatel- t"ere /as stout protective glass bet/een t"em' 1"e rest o& "er da-, /"ic" included visiting a "ospital and a po/er station, seemed deepl- traditional b- comparison'

:' +ns/er t"e &ollo/ing 5uestions2 a' ,ou receive at t"e editorial o&&ice a press release o& t"e miners in t"e =iu Nalle-, announcing t"e organisation o& a meeting in Juc"arest during t"e next da-' 7"at steps do -ou underta.e in order to veri&- t"e in&ormation and to accomplis" a complex material6 b' ,ou receive an anon-mous telep"one in&orming -ou t"at t"e "ead5uarters o& an important political part- is on &ire' 7"at do -ou do as a reporter6 c' ,ou are t"e reporter responsible &or t"e &ield o& public transport at a national ne/spaper' 7"at sources /ould -ou use &or obtaining in&ormation6 d' Frder according to t"e importance t"e &ollo/ing topics discussed at t"e press con&erence o& t"e ma-or2 critics addressed to t"e to/n counsellors o& t"e oppositionO announcement regarding t"e closing o& "ot /ater &or t/o /ee.s &or maintenance /or.sO announcement regarding t"e opening o& a ne/ sub/a- station' Hive reasons &or -our ans/er' Conceive t"ree pieces o& in&ormation /"ic" could be trans&ormed into articles' 7"- "ave -ou c"osen t"em6 Could t"e description o& t"e Jotanical Hardens in Juc"arest be a text to be publis"ed in an in&ormative ne/spaper6 7"-6

<' Pass t"e &ollo/ing sentences &rom t"e !irect to t"e $ndirect ;peec"2 a' )' >ar- said to me, ?$4d li.e to go out@O :' 1"e- al/a-s sa-, ?1"ese exercises are too di&&icult &or us@O <' !oris is sa-ing, ?Je"ave -oursel&, PeterR@O A' !an is al/a-s sa-ing, ?$ "ave le&t m- noteboo. at "ome@O C' 1"e teac"er "as said to t"e pupils, ?$ /ant to "ave a loo. at -our "ome/or.@O E' =o"n and 1om are sa-ing, ?7e "aven4t done our "ome/or.@O *' ?$ am leaving &or t"e seaside tomorro/@O D' ?7e /atc"ed 1N last nig"t@O G' ?7e "ave never been "ere be&ore@O )K' ?$ .no/ /"at t"e teac"er /ill sa-@'

b' 7"ere does -our &at"er /or.6 7"o are -our &riends6 7"at is -our dail- programme6 7"at time do -ou get up in t"e morning6 7"en did -ou move to t"is sc"ool6 7"en /ill -ou &inis" sc"ool6 7"en did -ou bu- t"is camera6 7"en are -ou going to ta.e -our &irst p"oto6 Can t"e- develop -our &ilms at t"e p"otograp"er6 !o -ou t"in. t"e pictures /ill come out clearl-6 7ill -ou ta.e pictures o& -our &riends6 7ill -ou give me a p"oto, too6

A' 1ranslate into Bnglis"2 a' )' Blevul l-a nterbat pe director c nd trebuie s se prezinte la cabinetul su' :' Funcionarul ne-a s&tuit s citim atent instruciunile nainte s desc"idem cutia' <' ;ecretara ntreab dac trebuie s bat la main toate rapoartele' A' >ama mi-a atras atenia s nu uit de nt lnire' C' !octorul ne-a spus c nimeni nu are voie s vorbeasc cu pacientul p n a doua zi' E' Noia stie de ce prietenii mei au plecat aa de devreme' *' Jtr nul ne-a spus c el nu ncuie niciodat ua din spate' D' Pro&esorul i-a ntrebat pe elevi dac au neles lecia sau nu' G' Heorge s-a scuzat spun nd c nu e vina lui' )K' Pro&esorul voia stie cine a participat la olimpiada de matematic' b' 1ranslate into Bnglis" t"e &ollo/ing dialogue, t"en c"ange t"e text into an $ndirect ;peec"2 ?!omnul e& se uit de mai multe ori, c nd la &lcu, c nd la banii din porto&el, i dup o lung tcere ntreb2

->ai era cineva cu tine6 -3imeni' -+i spus la alii6 -Ma nimeni' +m venit p-ici pe poteca din dos, drept la dumneavoastr' !omnul e& tace, apoi2 -$a ascult, mi 3iculi, parc aa te c"eam0 -+a' -; nu mai spui la nimeni, p n nu s-o ivi pgubaul, c te aude spun nd cum e porto&elul i se scoal vreunul i zice c el l-a pierdut, &r s-l &i pierdut el' 3ici mtii, nici lui tattu s nu le spui p n nu se arat pgubaul, auzi6 -+uzR -Jine ai &cut c l-ai adus, bravoR Bti biat cinstit' Pi stii c-o s spui eu pgubaului s te cinsteasc &rumos'@

C' 1ranslate t"e &ollo/ing text and t"en ma.e a summar-, emp"asising t"e main &eatures o& t"e image builder2 Creatorul de imagine va ncerca, ori de c te ori i se o&er posibilitatea, s-i lege mesa(ul de persona(e sau imagini de(a intrate n mitologia modern, ncerc nd s pro&ite de suportul de credibilitate o&erit de acestea' Pentru a vorbi despre o reclam comercial, s ne-o amintim pe cea a unui produs cu totul nou n Rom nia n momentul respectiv, 1RFP$V+3+, care a intrat n contiina public prin racordarea la c"ipurile unor &oarte cunoscui &otbaliti rom ni' Ma un cu totul alt nivel de pro&esionalism, &olosind e&ectul de sinergie, bazat pe imensul succes la public al emisiunii >LPPB1;, realisatorii &rancezi au imaginat un serial ce a pornit de la aceeai baz #ppui de un grotesc neagresiv% pentru a evolua spre un spectacol de satir politic, ppuile n&i nd persona(e reale' !eparte de a se supra, politicienii &rancezi sunt &oarte &latai de interesul pe care l trezete persoana lor, c"iar dac, n aparen, propaganda este negativ' Creatorul de imagine a neles c adevrata consacrare a politicianului, intrarea sa n mitologia contemporan, era simbolizat de trecerea sa n ?imaginea@ ppuilor din &amilia >LPPB1;' !e ce6 Foarte simplu' + neles aceast lege &undamental a psi"ologiei mass media2 politicieni sunt cu miile, emisiunea >LPPB1;, n contiina public, este unic' n te"nologia speci&ic muncii de creare a imaginii, acest procedeu se numete trans&erarea imaginii de marc, &iind &olosit de c te ori se poate, i la toate nivelele, prin selectarea a tot ceea ce, n memoria a&ectiv a publicului standard, poate trezi un re&lex de plcere sau de interes' !in momentul n care s-a stabilit un slogan, s-a ales purttorul principal de imagine, urmeaz identi&icarea imaginilor de marc cu care ne putem asocia sinergetic sau pe care le putem con&isca, &olosindu-ne de un eventual e&ect de proximitate' Jaz nduse pe cunoaterea valorilor ce ntrunesc consensul n cazul publicului standard, creatorul de imagine poate analiza rapid nivelul de amplitudine al mesa(ului trimis, ca i natura, &ora i durata &eedbac.ului'

E' !evelop t"e &ollo/ing sentences using t"e /ords and p"rases given belo/2 ;"e li.es all .inds o& music' 9er sister doesn4t' 1"eir parents are ver- &ond o& musical instruments' Fnl- =imm-, t"e elder brot"er, is suc" a laz- bo-' +s &or t"eir grandmot"er, /ell, s"e /ill never be able to en(o- a musical part-' to "ave a musical ear, barrel-organ, strings, to be a music &an, cello, to .e- an instrument, /inds, to &iddle about, musical conductor, to set a poem to music, to pla- t"e second &iddle, (u.e box, to be as &it as a &iddle, to &ace t"e music'

*' C"oose t"e rig"t /ord to complete t"e &ollo/ing sentences2 !an /as a #),:%, but sometimes "is be"avior #<% "is &riends' Fne summer nig"t as "e #A% in an armc"air b- t"e /indo/ and tried #C% a detective stor-, t"e door &lung open and t"e lig"ts #E%' $t /as rat"er #*% &or "im to realise /"at #D%' 9o/ever, a #G% panic seized "im' 9e could onl- #)K% and #))% beating o& "is "eart' 9e #):% to "is &eet and ran #)<% t"e /indo/' Can -ou #)A% /"o #)C% t"e lig"t again6 ) I genial, innocent, inspired, diligent, clever : I s"op-assistant, c"emist, librarian, anti5uar-, con&ectioner < I to astound, to upset, to be/ilder, to puzzle, to vex, to con&use A I to sit, to stand, to sta-, to set C I to remind, to recall, to remember, to recollect E I to blo/ out, to 5uenc", to extinguis", to turn o&&, to go out * I lig"t, eas-, slig"t, "eav-, di&&icult, "ard D I to "appen, to occur, to go on, to come about, to be&all G I vast, "uge, big, large, great )K I to "ear, to listen )) I strong, po/er&ul, &ierce, "ard, intense, to/ering ): I to (ump, to spring, to leap, to bounce, to bound )< I to close, to &asten, to s"ut, to loc., to bolt, to bar )A I to realise, to &anc-, to guess, to &oretell, to divine, to &ind out )C I to lig"t, to .indle, to s/itc" on, to stir up, to put on D' Find appropriate /ords to complete t"e &ollo/ing text2 $n t"e 7estern democracies emp"asis is laid on t"e &reedom o& t"e individual, bot" as a consumer and t"e o/ner o& resources' +s a 0000"e expresses "is c"oice o& goods t"roug" t"e price "e is /illing to pa- &or t"em' +s t"e o/ner o& a &actor o& production #"is o/n labor%, "e see.s to obtain as large a 0000as possible' $& "e /ants more o& t"e good t"an is being 0000at t"e current price, "e /ill ?bid up@ t"e price' +s a result, resources are attracted so t"at 0000industr- and suppl- expands' Fn t"e ot"er "and, i& consumers do not /ant a particular good or service, its price &all, 0000ma.e a loss and resources leave t"e industr-' 1"ere is no 0000o& laborO people are &ree to /or. /"erever t"e- c"oose' 1"e role o& government is simpl- to correct an-0000/"ic" mig"t develop in t"e s-stem' 9o/ever, 7estern governments do not settle &or a passive role' Rat"er t"e- ta.e it upon t"emselves to re-distribute 0000income, succour t"e sic. and t"e underprivileged, generate national /ealt" and provide &or national de&ense' 1o ac"ieve t"ese ends, t"e- are 0000to raise taxes &rom t"e population and in doing t"is t"e- are almost bound to become 0000'

G' Read t"e &ollo/ing passage care&ull-' 1"en give it a title and summarise it in about )KK /ords' 1"e /orld &aces an energ- crisis in t"e not so distant &uture' For t"e time being, t"ere are plenti&ul supplies o& oil, but t"e situation /ill not last' Fil supplies are &inite, and /"at "appens /"en t"e /orld4s reserves are ex"austed6 Jritain is comparativel- &ortunate' $t "as 3ort" ;ea oil and gas, and t"e- /ill give sel&-su&&icienc- &or anot"er couple o& decades' $t also "as substantial reserves o& coal' +ccording to some estimates, t"ese reserves could last &or ot"er EK -ears' 1"at s"ould give Jritain a breat"ing space at least until alternative &orms o& energ- are developed' 1"ere is a /orld/ide searc" &or ne/ sources o& energ-' 1"e government o& ;audi +rabia "as been ma.ing encouraging progress in t"e development o& solar energ-' Plants t"e- "ave built in t"e desert are turning t"e race o& t"e sun into /"at can onl- be described as permanent sources o& energ-' ;o success&ul "ave t"e experiments been t"at /"en t"e- eventuall- run out o& oil I as run out o& oil t"e- must I t"e- /ill be s/itc"ing to an even more durable &orm o& energ-' 3ot onl- "as t"e government o& ;audi +rabia been /or.ing "ard to develop solar energ-, t"e- "ave also been /or.ing "ard to convert t"e desert to ric" agricultural land' $mpossible6 J- no meansR Jeneat" t"e +rabian !esert lies an enormous /ater basin' 1"e problem is to bring up t"ose /ater supplies &rom t"e bo/els o& t"e eart"' 9o/ to do it6 ;in. /ells deep into t"e eart", see.ing /ater t"is time instead o& oil' +s t"e /ater is dra/n &rom t"e eart", it is spread over t"e crops o& /"eat and vegetables and o& course t"e- &louris" in suc" an environment' Per"aps it is unrealistic to expect all governments to pla- suc" a positive role in t"e development o& t"eir econom- and t"e long term /ellbeing o& t"eir people, but t"e- do set t"e standards b- /"ic" ot"er governments can be (udged'

)K' 1ranslate t"e &ollo/ing sentences2 a' Cine a condus aceast campanie6 b' Condu-l a&ar pe domnul, te rog' c' Condu-mi arat-mi ce merit vzut pe aici' d' +re stil, conduce campania publicitar &oarte e&icient' e' Bc"ipa gazd conduce cu dou goluri la zero' &' Ptii s conduci6 +tunci condu-m, te rog, la gar' g' Bxperienele acestea sunt greu de condus' "' M-a condus p n la reuita &inal' i' 1oate aceste urme ne conduc uor spre &ptai' (' $a-l de m ni condu-l s nu se rtceasc'

X. T&E OR#ANISATION
)' 1ranslate t"e &ollo/ing text2 6"e*tru )u*cio*area ad-i*i.traiei pu,lice di* Ro-7*ia8 cu*oa9terea experie*ei )ra*ce e e.te util: $nterviu cu dl' >ic"el !a-nac, pro&esor la Lniversitatea de Ptiine ;ociale din 1oulouse !omnule !a-nac, n primul r nd, spunei-ne cu ce ocazie ai venit la 1imioara' +m venit pentru un seminar organisat de Consiliul =udeean 1imi, privind problemele de dezvoltare economic local, seminar care este o parte dintr-o serie mai larg de seminarii #din care c teva s-au des&urat de(a%' +ceste sc"imburi, s le spunem, &ac parte din sc"imburile generale &ranco-rom ne, iar n particular ele sunt posibile datorit relaiilor ce exist ntre Lniversitatea din 1oulouse i Consiliul =udeean 1imi' -Pentru c ai avut contacte cu reprezentani ai Consiliului =udeean 1imi, v-a ruga s caracterizai aceste nt lniri cu autoritile locale' +preciez &aptul c, la r ndul lor, participanii la aceste seminarii i contacte au considerat util sc"imbul de experien' Pentru ca serviciile de administraie public din Rom nia s &uncioneze normal, cunoaterea experienei &ranceze n domeniu a &ost, cred eu, &oarte interesant' +sta i dac inem seama de similitudinile dintre sistemul administrativ &rancez i cel rom n' Cum vedei pe viitor aceast colaborare6 !in punctul meu de vedere, sunt &oarte interesat de aceste seminarii' 1ocmai de aceea am acceptat un prim contact n domeniul meu de activitate' Ma o adic, a putea &oarte bine analiza anumite probleme crora specialitii dumneavoastr le caut nc rezolvarea' n aceast sear ai avut un prim contact cu Pcoala de nalte ;tudii Buropene Comparative, mai precis cu viitori specialiti n probleme europene' Ce impresie v-au lsat cursanii6 $mpresia lsat este una &oarte bun' +ceast con&erin I improvizat I la care am participat a &ost una cald, iar ntrebrile ce mi s-au pus au &ost &oarte interesante' #?Realitatea bnean@, mai )GGC%

:' +ns/er t"e &ollo/ing 5uestions, re&erring to t"e text above2 a%' 7"at could ma.e interesting t"e publication o& t"is intervie/2 t"e topics o& t"is seminarO t"e "-pot"esis t"at it /ould "ave been organised &or t"e &irst timeO t"e &act t"at it is done /it" a personalit- &rom abroadO t"e &act t"at somet"ing important and /it" real c"ances to be applied "as been decided on t"is occasion' b%' Re&ormulate or improve t"e title' c%' Re&ormulate t"e &irst 5uestion and, implicitl-, t"e &irst ans/er' d%' 7"at else s"ould /e "ave &ound out &rom t"is intervie/6 e%' 7"at pieces o& in&ormation as.ed bt"e reporter go be-ond t"e topic announced in t"e title6

<' Complete t"e sentences belo/ /it" a suitable verb, ma.ing sure t"at it &its grammaticall- into t"e sentence2 a' 1"e anxious "usband 0000do/n t"e door /"en "e smelt gas coming &rom t"e .itc"en' b' Prices o& all sports/ear are going to be 0000b- :KS' c' 1"e rebellious bo- /as told to 0000do/n to stud-ing b- "is concerned parents' d' 1"e ps-c"iatric nurse 0000do/n -esterda- because o& t"e strain o& /or.' e' 1"e "-poc"ondriac got a s"oc. t"e ot"er da- /"en "e 0000do/n /it" &lu' &' 1"at irresponsible -out" /as al/a-s 0000do/n "is parents until "e got married and le&t "ome' g' Fur snobbis" neig"bour 0000do/n on us because /e aren4t as /ell o&& as "e is' "' Fn t"e last da-, t"e bo- scouts 0000do/n t"eir tents, pac.ed t"eir bags and caug"t t"e bus "ome' i' 1"e insurance under/riter 0000do/n t"e details o& t"e accident on "is notepad' (' Jill /as 0000do/n b- t"e police because "e /as too s"ort' A' Re/rite t"e sentences, using a p"rasal verb /it" down, to produce t"e opposite meaning o& t"e /ords in italics2 a' 7e all stood up /"en t"e managing director came in' b' 1"e building societ- "as set up a branc" in 7armsle-' c' $n&lation "as been rising steadil- since C"ristmas' d' 7"en Caroline "eard t"e terrible ne/s, s"e remained calm' e' Rain /as gentl- &alling' &' 1"e teac"er 5uietl- put t"e boo. on t"e table' g' 1"e compan- /ill probabl- /ant to publicise t"e results' "' 1"e old lad- /as adamant t"at "er cat s"ould be .ept alive' i' +&ter t"ree da-s o& continuous bombardment, t"e 7"ite 1o/er remained standing' (' 9aving Jruce to sta- "as reall- c"eered me up' C' 7rite do/n a composition about organisations, using as man- p"rasal verbs as -ou can'

E' 1ranslate into Romanian2 !ecision-ma.ing ordinaril- presumes an ordering o& t"e con&usions o& li&e' 1"e classic ideas o& order in organisations involve t/o closel- related concepts' First, it is assumed t"at events and activities can be ordered in c"ains o& means and ends' 7e associate action /it" its conse5uences, and participate in ma.ing decisions in order to produce intended outcomes' 1"us, conse5uential relevance arranges t"e relation bet/een solutions and problems and t"e participation o& t"e decision ma.ers, second, it is assumed t"at organisations are "ierarc"ies in /"ic" "ig"er levels control lo/er levels and in /"ic" policies control implementation' Fbservations o& actual organisations suggest a more con&using picture' +ctions in one part o& an organisation appear onl- loosel- coupled to actions in anot"er' ;olutions seem to "ave onl- a vague connection to problems' Policies aren4t implemented' +nd decision ma.ers seem to /ander in and out o& decision arenas' 1"e /"ole process "as been described as a .ind o& &unn- soccer game2 Consider a round, sloped, multi-goal soccer &ield on /"ic" individuals pla- soccer' >andi&&erent people #but not ever-one% can (oin t"e game #or leave it% at di&&erent times' ;ome people can t"ro/ balls into t"e game or remove t"em' $ndividuals, /"ile t"e- are in t"e game, tr- to .ic. /"atever ball comes near t"em in t"e direction o& goals t"e- li.e and a/a- &rom goals t"e- /is" to avoid' !isorderliness in organisations "as led some people to argue t"at t"ere is ver- little order to organisational decision ma.ing' + more conservative position, "o/ever, is t"at t"e /a-s in /"ic" organisations bring order to disorder is less "ierarc"ical and less a collection o& means-ends c"ains t"at is anticipated b- conventional t"eories' 1"ere is order, but it is not t"e conventional order' $n particular, it is argued t"at an- decision process involves a collection o& individuals and groups /"o are simultaneousl- involved in ot"er t"ings' Lnderstanding decisions in one arena re5uires an understanding o& "o/ t"ose decisions &it into t"e lives o& participants' 1"e logic o& order is temporal' Problems, solutions, and decision ma.ers &it toget"er because t"e- are available at t"e same time' 1"us, decisions depend on attention, and important elements o& t"e distribution o& attention are exogenous to an- speci&ic decision process'

*' Complete t"e &ollo/ing text about Bxecutive !irectors /it" t"e /ords belo/2 + modern business enterprise is o&ten a 0000 s-stem re5uiring a lot o& 0000, /"ic" is provided b- t"e public /"en t"e- 0000 s"ares in t"e compan-' ;ince t"e- "ave 00 00 t"e capital, it is appropriate t"at t"e- c"oose t"e people /"o are to 0000 t"e compan- &or t"em, namel- t"e board o& directors' >an- o& t"e 0000 also "ave executive responsibilities' 1"us, a mar.eting director ma- be a &ull director o& t"e board, 0000 b- t"e s"are"olders at t"e annual 0000 meeting li.e t"e ot"er directors' ,et "e mig"t also be responsible &or t"e da--to-da- 0000 o& t"e mar.eting department' >ost o& "is time /ill be 0000 on administrative matters, organising mar.et researc", dealing /it" 0000 and generall- ensuring t"at t"e 0000 sales are maximised' Jut "e /ill &unction as a director /"en t"e board o& directors meets' 1"e 0000 o& managing director also 0000 t"e roles o& c"ie& executive /it" members"ip o& t"e board and t"is allo/s "im to act as a vital 0000 bet/een t"e board o& directors and t"eir 0000 management team' 1"e managing director is also c"airman o& t"e board o& directors' Bxecutive directors "ave t"e advantage t"at t"e- are 0000 involved /it" t"e 0000 a&&airs' $& t"e board o& directors /is" to move in a 0000 direction, t"e executive directors /ill .no/ /"et"er suc" a 0000 o& action is practicable' For example, t"e board mig"t /is" to 0000 t"eir products in a particular 0000 mar.et' 1"e mar.et /ould be pro&itable &or t"e compan-, but t"e 0000 director .no/s t"at "is team o& salespeople lac. t"e experience to ta.e advantage o& t"e situation' Fr per"aps t"e board /ould li.e to 0000 t"e advertising expenditure during t"e 0000 -ear but t"e 000 0 director .no/s t"at t"e compan- /ill "ave to meet some "eav- commitments during t"e 0000 mont"s and it /ould be better to 0000 t"e campaign' Per"aps t"e best board is one /"ic" contains a 0000 o& executive and non-executive directors' $n t"is /a- t"e board "as t"e 0000 o& some directors /"o .no/ t"e practical problems 000 0 b- t"e business, /"ile ot"ers bring t"eir o/n 0000 to expertise to t"e boardroom' 7ords2 lin., increase, capital, certain, combines, bene&it, general, directors, compan-4s, dela-, provided, mixture, course, appointed, advertising, management, activel-, sell, run, brand, coming, mar.eting, complex, post, coming, compan-4s, spent, overseas, &aced, &inancial, bu-, appointed' D' C"oose t"e suitable /ord or p"rase2
)' Flamingos /ere about to "ave died out until la/s /ere passed to protect t"em' a' become con&ined b' become extinct c' become in&ected d' become de&ormed :' Caves are o&ten &ormed b- selective /earing a/a- o& cli&&s b- t"e sea' a' erosion b' evasion c' extension d' eradication <' +ll drin.s t"at include sacc"arin must be mar.ed /it" a /arning label because sacc"arin ma- cause cancer' a' pac.ages b' medications c' beverages d' desserts A' Mi.e sna.es, man- insects gro/ up b- t"ro/ing a/a- t"eir s.in several times' a' digesting b' stretc"ing c' discarding d' mending C' + c"ance sample can o&ten provide in&ormation about a larger population' a' prudent b' genuine

c' random d' modi&ied

G' 1ranslate t"e &ollo/ing sentences, using t"e verbs to breed, to gro/, to increase, to raise, to rear2 )'M-au crescut cu greu, erau &oarte sraci n tineree'

:'B un tip bine crescut, distins i politicos' <' 9ai s-l vizitm, e un cunoscut cresctor de c ini' A'ntotdeauna i-am admirat pentru &elul cum i-au crescut copiii' C'+u rase selecionate, se ocup de mult de creterea cailor' E' 1uritii s-au prezentat la biroul lor n numr cresc nd' *'!e ce nu ncerci s creti ceva n grdina aceea enorm6 D' 1rebuie s cretem cantitatea de mr&uri livrate &irmei lor' G'Cresc animale din tat n &iu' )K' N nzrile din luna aceasta au crescut simitor'
)K' +ns/er t"e 5uestions related to t"e &ollo/ing text2 1"e nuclear &amil-, consisting o& a mot"er, &at"er and t"eir c"ildren ma- be more an +merican ideal t"an an +merican realit-' F& course, t"e so-called traditional +merican &amil- /as al/a-s more varied t"an /e "ad been led to believe, re&lecting t"e verdi&&erent racial, et"nic, class and religious customs among di&&erent +merican groups' 1"e most recent government statistics reveal t"at onl- about one t"ird o& all current +merican &amilies &it t"e traditional mold and anot"er t"ird consists o& married couples /"o eit"er "ave no c"ildren or "ave none still living at "ome' F& t"e &inal one t"ird, about :KS o& t"e total number o& +merican "ouse"olds are single people, usuall- /omen over EC -ears o& age' + small percentage, about <S o& t"e total, consists o& unmarried people /"o c"oose to live toget"erO and t"e rest, about * S, are single, usuall- divorced parents /it" at least one c"ild' 1oda-, t"ese varied &amil- t-pes are t-pical and t"ere&ore normal' +pparentl-, man- +mericans are ac"ieving supportive relations"ips in &amil- &orms ot"er t"an t"e traditional one' Questions2 7it" /"at topic is t"e passage mainl- concerned6 7"at does t"e aut"or impl- about t"e +merican &amil-6 9o/ man- single people /ere identi&ied in t"e surve-6 7"o generall- constitutes a one person "ouse"old6

XI. T&E IMA#E OF T&E "O$ITICIAN

)' Peter Robinson, t"e Personnel >anager at +lp"a, "as called &or a meeting o& "is sta&& next Frida- a&ternoon at < p'm' ,ou are a member o& "is team but "ave arranged to visit a couple o& local sc"ools on Frida-, "oping to recruit some ne/ clerical sta&&' ,ou are not sure "o/ long t"is /ill ta.e and mig"t not be able to get to t"e meeting until later' !ra&t a memorandum to t"e Personnel >anager explaining t"e situation' :' 9aving received t"e report on t"e accident, t"e 7or.s >anager /ants t"e supervisor to ma.e sure all t"e /elders &ollo/ t"e sa&et- rules in t"e &uture' 9e also /ants to .no/ t"e address o& t"e "ospital and t"e visiting "ours so "e can go and see "er' 1a.ing into account t"e guidelines &or a report #conciseness, precision, t"e use o& "eadings and sub"eadings, t"e use o& title and sub(ect speci&ications, t"e use o& conclusions and recommendations% -ou are as.ed to dra&t a proper memorandum &or "im to sign' <'7rite a ne/srelease on t"e topic o& t"e c"ange o& t"e Heneral >anager in t"e &irm in /"ic" -ou /or.' A' Complete eac" o& t"e sentences belo/ /it" a suitable verb, ma.ing sure t"at it &its grammaticall- into t"e sentence2

a' 9e 0000into t"e &iling cabinet and "elped "imsel& to t"e top secret documents' b' 0000in t"e next la-b-' $4d li.e to get out and stretc" m- legs &or a bit' c' 1"e- sa- t"e-4ll 0000in t"e "ostage i& t"e ransom isn4t paid b- tomorro/' d' +nd a&ter t"e game4s over, $ ma- 0000in &or a cup o& co&&ee' e' ,ou mig"t tr- >rs' 7illo/ across t"e road' ;"e 0000in lodgers' &' 3o matter "o/ cruel and o&&ensive -ou are to me, $ /on4t 0000in and give -ou a divorce' g' +s soon as "e4d 0000in t"e coupon, "e /ent out to post it' "' Bxcluding overtime pa-, "o/ muc" do -ou 0000in a /ee.6 i' Bxcuse me, /"at time does t"e Mondon to >anc"ester train 0000in6 (' 7"en -ou4ve &inis"ed /riting 0000in t"e test paper to t"e invigilator' C' +dd it /"ere necessar- to t"e &ollo/ing sentences, and sa- /"at it means or mig"t mean2 a' 9ere is t"e "air-dr-er' ,ou can plug in over t"ere' b' 1"e door /as &lung open and Hloria burst in' c' $4ll probabl- sta- in tonig"t as $4ve got a cold' d' 9ave -ou &inis"ed t"e report6 9and in tomorro/, please' e' Rol& pulled in &or petrol at t"e motor/a- services' &' 1"e ne/ cler. needs to be t"e rig"t sort o& person to &it in "ere' g' $ don4t t"in. poor >rs' Hates can ta.e all in' "' 7ell, $ give inR $4ll do /"atever -ou li.eR i' 1"at "orse is completel- /ild' ,ou4ll "ave to brea. inR (' $& -ou4d li.e a li&t, get inR )7rite do/n a composition about t"e political campaigns, using as man- p"rasal verbs as -ou can' : 1ranslate into Bnglis"2

Prima problem care apare, din punctul de vedere al creatorului de imagine din Rom nia, este c aceste semnale ale realitii cotidiene ndreptate n &lux continuu ctre &iltrul colector al mass-media nu sunt dec t arareori pre-elaborate la nivelul imaginii sau, atunci c nd exist asemenea intenie, ea se realiseaz "aotic, cel mai adesea nepro&esionist' n acest caz, selecia se mut exclusiv n zona de aciune a editorilor de programe sau e&ilor de secii de la marele ziare' Bi se vor a&la n &aa unei mase enorme de &apte brute ce reprezint tot at tea mesa(e potenial interesante, lipsindu-le ns &orma, expresia simbolic adecvat' !eoarece n ara noastr nu exist nc o preocupare pro&esionist din partea creatorilor de imagine pentru o codare a mesa(elor n sensul &ormulrii lor corecte i desci&rabile la nivelul &iltrului in&ormaional, greelile din acest domeniu vor avea consecine importante, gener nd e&ecte paralizante n contiina publicului' Problemele devin i mai complicate, gradul lor de gravitate crete, n msura n care spre &iltrul mass-media se ndreapt elemente componente ale unor &apte politice' ; ne aminitim de perioada nu &oarte ndeprtat denumit ?era comunicatelor de pres@' Bra timpul n care mass-media di&uza, obositor i cu relevan mic pentru publicul standard, comunicate, contracomunicate, replici multiple la prima sau la a doua categorie, cel mai adesea date simultan i prezentate publicului n bloc comun, pentru respectarea principiului ec"idistanei' +muzante pentru ziaritii pro&esioniti, poate utile pentru comentatorii i analitii politici, ele nu produceau din punctul de vedere al creatorului de imagine dec t con&uzie i, la limit, adversitate'

Nerb 3oun 3oun +d(ective Concept +gent to administer administration administrator administrative

to manage )' Fne /a- o& extending -our vocabular- is b- learning to use all t"e &orms o& a /ord' For example, to access #verb% I access #noun% I accessible #ad(ective%' Complete t"e to operate &ollo/ing table /it" ot"er parts o& speec" besides t"e verb2

to appl-

to in&orm

to account

:' Complete t"e expressions b- matc"ing t"e verbs on t"e le&t /it" t"e appropriate to maintain p"rase on t"e rig"t2 )' to clear a' a big order to ac5uire :' to &ix b' &or a meeting <' to pic. up c' /it" a ne/ product A' to cut d' :KK,KKK _ /ort" o& sales C' to appeal to e' -our problem to realise E' to pull out o& &' an optimistic target *' to get toget"er g' -oung consumers D' to appreciate "' an opportunitG' to miss i' t"e recession to c"oose )K' to be success&ul (' stoc. levels )K' 1ranslate into Bnglis", using t"e verbs to detect, to discover, to &ind out2 a' +m publicat de cur nd o lucrare despre epoca marilor descoperiri geogra&ice' to remember b' n cele din urm s-a descoperit totul i s-a dat publicitii' c' Bi, ce-ai descoperit, e bine sau nu6 d' >aterialul are unele de&ecte dar sunt greu de descoperit la prima vedere' e' ;-au descoperit urme de vopsea verde pe "ainele celui accidentat' &' ;-a descoperit cine i trimitea scrisorile acelea anonime6 g' Lite ce am descoperit n pod, cri vec"i i valoroase' "' 3-am reuit s-i descopr numele' i' B mare scandal pe antier, s-au descoperit vicii ascunse la elicea cea nou' (' n &inal, dup multe investigaii, am descoperit totul din relatrile lor separate'

XII. MAR;ETIN#
)' 1ranslate t"e &ollo/ing text2 First comes t"e 5uestion2 ?;"ould /e "old a ne/s con&erence or not6@' Fre5uentl- t"e ans/er s"ould be2 ?3oR@' 1"e essential element o& a ne/s con&erence is ne/s' $& reporters and camera cre/s presumed t"at in a con&erence t"e- "ave "eard propaganda instead o& &acts, or in&ormation o& minor interest to a limited group instead o& ne/s /"ic" is relevant to t"e large audience, t"e- go a/a- disgusted' 1"eir valuable time "as been /asted I and it is valuable' Bditors complain t"at t"e- never "ave enoug" sta&& "ours available to cover ever-t"ing t"e- /ould li.e to coverO i& t"e- send reporters to a con&erence t"at "as been called merel- to satis&- t"e "ost4s sense o& sel&-importance, t"e- resent t"e &act' 1"e next time, t"e- probabl- /on4t send reporters' 3otices usuall- are sent b- &ax or mail, but some organisations use special deliver- met"ods &or ma(or con&erences in t"e belie& t"at t"e extra impact (usti&ies t"e additional cost' Bver- ne/s outlet t"at mig"t be interested in t"e material s"ould be invited' +n ignored media outlet ma- become an enem-, li.e a person /"o isn4t as.ed to a part-' 1"e invitation s"ould describe t"e general nature o& t"e material to be discussed so, an editor /ill .no/ /"at t-pe o& reporter to assign' 7"at "our is best6 1"is depends upon t"e local media situation' $& t"e cit- "as onl- an a&ternoon ne/spaper, G or G2<K a'm' is good, because t"is gives t"e reporter time to /rite a stor- be&ore a midda- deadline' $& t"e cit-4s ne/spaper publis"es in t"e morning, E p'm' is a suitable "our' +not"er prime goal o& ne/s con&erence sponsors is t"e earl- evening ne/s casts on local television stations, or even net/or. 1N ne/scasts i& t"e in&ormation isn4t important enoug"' + con&erence at : p'm' is about t"e latest t"at a television cre/ can cover and still get t"e material processed at a com&ortable pace &or inclusion in a dinner "our s"o/' 1"is time period can be s"ortened in an emergenc-, but t"e c"ances o& getting on a s"o/ diminis" as t"e processing time decreases' + /arning2 a public relations representative in a cit- /it" onlan a&ternoon ne/spaper /"o sc"edules a ne/s con&erence a&ter t"at paper4s deadline, -et in time &or t"e ne/s to appear on t"e earl- evening television ne/scasts, ma.es a grave blunder' 3e/spaper editors resent suc" &avoritism to television and "ave long memories' Vno/ledge o&, and sensitivit- to, local ne/s media deadlines are necessarelements o& a public relations representative4s /or.' !eadlines &or radio ne/s are less con&ining t"an t"ose &or ne/spapers and television, because radio ne/scasts are aired man- times a da-' 1"e con&erence "ours suggested &or ne/spapers and television are suitable &or radio as /ell, t"oug"' ;ome organisations provide co&&ee and possibl- s/eet rolls &or t"e media guests as a courtes-' Ft"ers &ind t"is gesture unnecessar- because most o& t"e ne/speople are in a "urr-, more concerned /it" getting t"e stor- t"an /it" en(o-ing social amenities' Mi5uor s"ould not be served at a regular ne/s con&erence' ;uc" socialising s"ould be reserved &or t"e press part-' +t some ne/s con&erences, p"otograp"ers are given t/o or t"ree minutes to ta.e t"eir pictures be&ore 5uestioning begins' ;ome p"otograp"ers complain t"at, t"us restricted, t"e- cannot obtain candid s"ots' $& &ree s"ooting is permitted, as usuall- is t"e best practice, t"e p"-sical arrangements s"ould give t"e p"otograp"ers operating space /it"out allo/ing t"em to obstruct t"e vie/ o& reporters' + &inal problem in managing a ne/s con&erence is .no/ing /"en to end it' 1"e public relations representative serving as bac.stage time.eeper s"ould avoid cutting o&& t"e 5uestioning prematurel-' 1o do so creates antagonism &rom t"e reporters' Metting a con&erence run do/n li.e a tired cloc. is almost as bad' +t evercon&erence t"ere comes a moment /"en t"e reporters run out o& 5uestions and t"e danger o& dull repetitions arises' + spea.er ma- or ma- not recognise t"is' $& not, t"e practitioner ma- step &or/ard and sa- somet"ing li.e ?$4m sorr-, but $ .no/ some o& -ou "ave deadlines to ma.e' ;o, /e "ave time &or (ust t/o more 5uestions@'

:'Bxercise2 1"e national "ead5uarters o& t"e Continental Fil Compan- in Mos +ngeles' For t"e past mont", a &alse rumour "as been circulating t"at t"e compan- /ill move its "ead5uarters to 9ouston' $n &act, plans are on t"e dra/ing board &or a ne/, larger "ead5uarters building in Mos +ngeles' 1"e rumour probabl- started because t"e compan- "ad a managers4 con&erence in 9ouston several mont"s ago' 1"is /as rumoured to be a "ig"level meeting to ta.e a loo. at 9ouston real estate and decide on a sig"t &or t"e ne/ "ead5uarters' 1"e rumour is beginning to a&&ect t"e emplo-ee morale in Mos +ngeles' 1"e president o& Continental Fil, upon t"e advice o& public relations council, decides to put t"e rumour to rest in a speec" at t"e annual emplo-ee recognition ban5uet next /ee.' ,ou are assigned to /rite t"e ten-minute speec" &or t"e president' 7ould -ou include in t"e speec" a direct re&erence to t"e rumour6 7ould -ou ta.e t"e opportunit- to ridicule t"e rumour6 7rite a dra&t o& t"e speec" &or t"e president'

<' Conceive tactics o& organising a press con&erence on one o& t"e &ollo/ing topics2 a' 1"e board o& a universit- "as been rein&orced /it" a series o& businessmen' 1r- to explain t"e good e&&ects o& suc" a decision to t"e press' b' 1"e +lp"a Compan- presented in t"e previous course tries to explain to t"e press /"at "as "appened during t"e accident at t"e 7elding ;ection and /"ic" are t"e conse5uences' c' + &irm launc"es a ne/ product on t"e mar.et' d' + politician explains /"- "e "as c"osen to run &or a place in t"e senate' e' + politician explains /"- "e "as lost t"e elections'

A' Complete eac" o& t"e &ollo/ing sentences /it" a suitable verb, ma.ing sure t"at it &its grammaticall- into t"e sentence2 )1"e colonel 0000o&& in mid sentence as soon as "e sa/ t"e soldier -a/ning on parade' :Fvercome /it" tiredness, t"e cleaning lad- 0000o&& /"ile polis"ing t"e managing director4s des.' <9is attempt at /inning t"e singing competition didn4t 0000o&& because "e lost "is voice t"e da- be&ore' A1"e gardener got angr- /it" t"e little bo- &or 0000o&& a branc" &rom t"e apple tree' C$n all "is -ears as a criminal, 1edd Fellon never once 0000o&& &or committing an o&&ence' E7e s"ould 0000o&& no/, ot"er/ise /e4ll miss our bus' *7"en t"e alarm 0000o&& ever- morning at six, "e (umps out o& bed' D$t /as a pleasant surprise &or Jarbara to 0000o&& earl- &rom /or.' G$ /anted to order roast bee& but t"e /aiter told me it 0000o&&' )K 1"at ca.e smells a/&ulR $t must "ave 0000o&&' )) $t4s been -ears since a bomb 0000o&& in our district' ): 1"e (udge 0000o&& t"e accused as it /as "is &irst o&&ence' )< 7e4d better 0000o&& t"e picnic i& it4s going to rain' )A 1"at &lo/er 0000o&& beauti&ul &ragrance' C' !ecide /"et"er t"e de&initions are true or &alse' Hive t"e correct de&inition i& necessar-2 )' pic. o&& collect a person &rom a place :' live o&& survive <' round o&& complete, give t"e &inis"ing touc" to A' be o&& separate someone &rom anot"er person C' scare o&& &rig"ten someone a/aE' s/itc" o&& stop concentrating *' s"o/ o&& ma.e someone &eel embarrassed b- be"aving badlD' set o&& cause to explode G' see o&& be present at someone4s departure )K' rip o&& steal &rom or c"eat someone' )'7rite do/n a mar.eting plan' :' Find t"e /ords or expressions /"ic" are t"e closest in meaning to t"e /ords in italics in t"e expressions belo/2

)'1"ere are t"ree issues /e need to discuss0 :'0"ave to settle &or ;eptember 0 <'0 a trade &air coming up at t"e end o& 0 A'+ugust is out 0 C'9ardl- time to get over to Mondon 0 E'Can4t /e ma.e it t"e second /ee.end06 *'$4ve &ound t"e ideal spot0 D'!oes t"at include ever-t"ing6 G'0to sort out t"e details0 )K' 7"at4s -our vie/, Ron6 7ords2a' travelO b' &ixO c' is t"at all inclusive6O d' itemsO e' locationO &' agree toO g' arrangeO "' opinionO i' ta.ing placeO (' cannot be considered'
D' >atc" t"e /ords belo/ /it" t"eir opposites2 )' overstateO :' ma(orO <' vitalO A' "ome-gro/nO C's"ort-termO E' genuineO *' maveric.O D' obvious' a' unimportantO b' con&ormistO c' long-termO d' unexpectedO e' super&icialO &' understateO g' minorO "' external' G' 1ranslate into Bnglis" t"e &ollo/ing sentences, using t"e verbs to ma.e and to do2 )' F s &ac tot ce o s pot' :' F-mi o ca&ea, te rogR <' Ce s-i &aci, trebuie s te mpaci cu situaia' A'Ce mai &aci6 C' M-am &cut s-i taie prul' E' Cine i-a &cut roc"ia asta6 *' F-mi, te rog, acest serviciu' D'Ce &aci cu pensula aia aici, o s te ptezi' G' + &cut o grmad de bani' )K' > duc s-mi &ac un permanent' ))' Cum &aci tu maioneza6 ):' +m &cut o mare descoperire' )<' >-ai &cut &oarte &ericit cu aceast veste' )A' Jine ai &cut c mi-ai spus la timp' )C' Jiatul sta pare &cut pentru not' )E' F-mi i mie loc pe so&a l ng tine' )*' F-i temele i du-te la (oac' )D' >i-a &ost greu s-i spun adevrul, dar am &cut-o totui' )K' >a.e -our o/n )K sentences /it" t"e verbs to do and to ma.e'

XIII. T&E IMA#E OF A "RODUCT

)' Comment on t"e negotiation tec"ni5ues'

:' !iscuss negotiation tec"ni5ues related to one o& t"e &ollo/ing topics2 a' 1"e trade union o& t"e teac"ers re5uires a <KS raise in salar- &rom t"e >inistr- o& Bducation' b' 1"e personnel o& a researc" institute re5uires a variable /or. "our &rom t"e management' c' 1/o parties negotiate t"e places in t"e government in case t"e- /in t"e elections toget"er' d' + part- negotiates /it" t"e ruling part- to support its initiatives in Parliament' e' 1"e representatives o& t/o countries negotiate t"e end o& a con&lict'

<' Complete eac" o& t"e sentences belo/ /it" a suitable verb, ma.ing sure t"at it &its grammaticall- into t"e sentence2 )'9aven4t -ou ever considered 0000up smo.ing6 :'$t mustn4t "ave been t"e curdled mil. t"at made "im 0000up "is dinner' <'$ tried to 0000up 1im /"en $ /as in Mos +ngeles, but "e must "ave c"anged "is address' A'$& -ou 0000up an- more o& m- time, $4ll .ic. -ou' C'Come on, stop arguing' Met4s 0000upR E';pring term usuall- 0000up (ust be&ore Baster' *'1"e rebels couldn4t /in, so t"e- decided to 0000up' D'7e are t"in.ing o& 0000up a small car "ire &irm' G'3o amount o& mone- can 0000up &or t"e damage -ou4ve done' )K' 1"e doctor sa-s +rt"ur /ill 0000up and about in a couple o& da-s' A' >atc" eac" p"rasal verb /it" t"e correct de&inition' )'stir upO :' sum upO <' o/n upO A' dra/ upO C' "ang upO E' call upO *' liven upO D' dress upO G' settle upO )K' spea. upO ))' sta- upO ):' &lare up' a' con&ess, admitO b' come to a stop #o& a ve"icle%O c' summon &or militar- serviceO d' put on smart clot"esO e' tr- to cause #trouble%O &' raise -our voiceO g' not go to bed earl-O "' summariseO i' ma.e more livel-O (' suddenl- become angr-O .' pa- all t"at is o/edO l' &inis" a p"one call' C' Conceive arguments &or and against advertising'

E'1"in. o& t"e advantages and disadvantages o& eac" medium #billboards, ne/spapers, magazines, radio, television, internet% and give examples o& concrete situations'

*' 1ranslate into Bnglis"2 -B cineva la voi acas6 l ntreb 3ang oprindu-se i vorbind cu copilul peste umr' Jiatul ddu din cap a&irmativ' -Cine e 6 relu 3ang' Copilul spuse c e vorba de dou surori ale lui mai mari' -3umai ele sunnt acas6 ntreb 3ang' -Pi cine s mai &ie6 se mir biatul i adug c tata e plecat i c i-a lsat singuri, n-a mai venit pe acas de mult' Lnde era dus6 Copilul rspunse c el nu tia, ctiau cele dou surori ale lui, dar acum ele erau n casi nu puteau s ias a&ar0 !e ce6 3u rspunse n prima clip la aceast ntrebare, apoi i ridic privirea i spuse c el trebuie s atepte, acuma nu poate s mn nce orezul0 #>arin Preda, nt lnirea din pm nturi%

D' Form positive and negative ad(ectives &rom t"e &ollo/ing nouns, according to t"e model2 Friendliness &riendlun&riendl- ;peed Quali&ication B&&icienc- ;trengt" B&&ectiveness Bxtent ;ecurit- ;op"istication Rain G' ;ummarise and explain t"e &ollo/ing text2 $t /as t"e &irst p"otograp" t"at $ "ad ever seen, and it &ascinated me' $ can remember "olding it at ever- angle in order to catc" t"e &lic.ering lig"t &rom t"e oil lamp on t"e dresser' 1"e man in t"e p"otograp" /as unsmiling, but "is e-es /ere .ind' $ "ad never met "im, but $ &elt t"at $ .ne/ "im' Fne evening /"en $ /as loo.ing at t"e p"otograp", as $ al/a-s did be&ore $ /ent to sleep, $ noticed a s"ado/ across t"e man4s t"in &ace' $ moved t"e p"otograp" so t"at t"e s"ado/ la- per&ectl- around "is "ollo/ c"ee.s' 9o/ di&&erennt "e loo.edR 1"at nig"t $ could not sleep, t"in.ing about t"e letter t"at $ /ould /rite' First, $ /ould tell "im t"at $ /as eleven -ears old, and t"at i& "e "ad a little girl mage, s"e could /rite to me instead o& "im' $ .ne/ t"at "e /as a ver- bus- man' 1"en $ /ould explain to "im t"e real purpose o& m- letter' $ /ould tell "im "o/ /onder&ul "e loo.ed /it" t"e s"ado/ t"at $ "ad seen across "is p"otograp", and $ /ould most care&ullsuggest t"at "e gro/ /"is.ers' Four mont"s later /"en $ met "im at t"e train station near m- "ome in 7est&ield, 3e/ ,or., "e /as /earing a &ull beard' 9e /as so muc" taller t"an $ "ad imagined &rom m- tin- p"otograp"'

?Madies and Hentlemen@, "e said, ?$ "ave no speec" to ma.e and time to ma.e it in' $ appear be&ore -ou t"at $ ma- see -ou and t"at -ou ma- see me'@ 1"en "e pic.ed me rig"t up and "e .issed me on bot" c"ee.s' 1"e /"is.ers scretc"ed' ?!o -ou t"in. $ loo. better, m- little &riend6@, "e as.ed me' >- name is Hrace Jedell, and t"e man in t"e p"otograp" /as +bra"am Mincoln'

)K' 1ranslate into Bnglis" t"e &ollo/ing sentences, using t"e verbs to abuse, to a&&ront, to insult, to o&&end, to outrage2 )'Ptiu c nu e uor, dar ncearc s ng"ii aceast o&ens' :'3u vreau s te (ignesc, dar cred c nu ai dreptate' <'!e ce ai n&runtat-o, tii c nu o s i ierte niciodat aa o insult n public' A' Felul tu de a vedea lucrurile e de-a dreptul (ignitor, ai reuit s insuli pe toat lumea' C' F insuli dac r zi de ea' E'+ccidentul e vina lui, nu pot suporta s &iu vtmat i insultat' *'3u pot s m las ultragiat de ziarul dumneavoastr, aa c v voi da n (udecat pentru insult' D'+m considerat o insult &aptul c nu mi-a adresat nici un cuv nt la petrecere' G'M-a insultat dar el nu s-a suprat' )K' 3u trebuie s te simi insultatR

XIV. REVISION
)' 7rite pro and against discourses on one o& t"e &ollo/ing topics2 a' 1"e national c"aracter is largel- in&luenced b- climateO b' + politicall- and economicall- united Burope is desirableO c' ?Religion is t"e opium o& t"e people@ #Varl >arx%O d' ?+ll art is useless@ #Fscar 7ilde%O e' 1"ere can be no &reedom /it"out discipline'

)' ,ou are a ne/s reporter &or a popular ne/spaper and "ave been sent to cover a serious tra&&ic accident' 7rite an article &or -our ne/spaper'

:' $magine an intervie/ /it" a person /"o is in c"arge /it" t"e development o& an important event #e'g' a ceremon-, a demonstration, etc'%'

A' 1ranslate into Bnglis"2 !e prisos s mai spun c t am rmas de uluit de ceea ce s-a nt mplat n ultimul s&ert de orO c t despre +ng"el, e&ortul pe care trebuie s-l &i &cut l-a dat gata2 cuprins, cum spunea, de o migren cumplit, ne-a rugat s-l nsoim ntr-o ncpere ntunecoas, unde s-a lungit pe o canapea, cer nd s i se aduci un ervet ud pe care si-l pun pe &runte' C nd am repovestit, i eu i ceilali, mai pe urm, aceast nt mplare, nimeni n-a reuit s ne explice nimic i de &apt mi-am dat seama c nici nu regretam realmente c nu cunoteam cauza tainic a incidentului'

C' 7rite statements consistent /it" t"e verbs and adverbs given and t"en c"ange t"em into $ndirect ;peec"2 )' ?000@, "e complained' :' ?000@, "e promised' <' ?000@, "e snapped' A' ?000@, "e groaned' C' ?000@, "e announced' E' ?000@, "e said angril-' *' ?000@, "e said passionatel-' D' ?000@, "e said brutall-' G' ?000@, "e said accusingl-' )K' ?000@, "e said &iercel-' ))' ?000@, "e declared' ):' ?000@, "e said s-mpat"eticall-' )<' ?000@, "e gasped' )A' ?000@, "e said complacentl-' )C' ?000@, "e retorted' E' Re-/rite t"e &ollo/ing text in t"e !irect ;peec"2 ?>r' 9arding told t"e +rc"deacon t"at "e "ad in&ormed ;ir +bra"am "e /ould resign and t"at conse5uentl- "e must do so' 1"e +rc"deacon couldn4t agree t"at t"is /as at all necessar-, and pointed out t"at not"ing >r' 9arding said is suc" a /a- to "is o/n counsel could be in an- /a- binding on "im' 9e "ad simpl- been t"ere to as. "is la/-er4s advice' 1"e +rc"deacon &elt sure t"at ;ir +bra"am "ad not advised suc" a step' >r' 9arding agreed t"at "e "adn4t' 1"e reverend cross-examiner /ent on to sa- t"at "e /as sure ;ir +bra"am "ad advised "im against it, /"ic", again, >r' 9arding could not den-' Pressing "ome "is advantage, t"e +rc"deacon expressed "is assurance t"at ;ir +bra"am must "ave advised >r' 9arding to consult "is &riends' >r' 9arding "aving been obliged to assent to t"is proposition also, t"e +rc"deacon concluded b- sa-ing decisivel- t"at >r' 9arding4s t"reat o& resignation t"ere&ore amounted to not"ing and t"at t"e- /ere (ust /"ere t"e"ad been be&ore'@ #1"e 7arden, b- +nt"on- 1rollope%

*' C"oose one o& t"e &our possibilities closest in meaning to t"e sentences -ou /ill see belo/2 )'$& -ou touc" m- daug"ter again $ /ill .ill -ou' 1"e parent sa-s "e /ill a%' &ill in somebod-' b%' do in somebod-' c%' ta.e in somebod-' d%' pull in somebod-' :'=o"n earns 5uite a lot' =o"n a%' brings in a lot' b%' pulls in a lot' c%' gives in enoug"' d%' gets in too muc"' <'$ am so pleased m- "olida- starts tomorro/' $ can4t /aitR 1"e spea.er is a%' putting &or/ard "er "olida-' b%' loo.ing &or/ard to "er "olida-' c%' bringing &or/ard "er "olida-' d%' "aving "er "olida- broug"t &or/ard' A' 1"e climbers "ad to stop and return "ome as t"e /eat"er /as so bad' 1"e climbers /ere &orced to a%' "old bac.' b%' ta.e bac.' c%' turn bac.' d%' .eep bac.' C' 1"e 9o/ards are decorating t"eir &lat at t"e moment' 1"e &lat is being a%' done up' b%' made up' c%' &illed up' d%' bro.en up' E'$ don4t .no/ "o/ =im survived a&ter t"at car cras"' =im managed to a%' get t"roug"' b%' pull t"roug"' b%' loo. t"roug"' d%' go t"roug"' *' ;"e li.es to imitate people' ;"e a%' puts t"em o&&' b%' /rites t"em o&&' c%' ta.es t"em o&&' d%' la-s t"em o&&' D' 1"e li&t is out o& order' 1"e li&t "as a%' come do/n' b%' run do/n' c%' gone do/n' d%' bro.en do/n' G' !ic. can4t tolerate t"is (ob an- longer' !ic. can4t a%' .eep up /it" t"e /or.' b%' put up /it" t"e /or.' c%' ta.e up "is (ob' d%' give up "is (ob' )K' Fn t"e second da- o& t"eir "one-moon t"e- 5uarrelled' 1"e couple a%' /ere .noc.ed out' b%' ran out' c%' &ell out' d%' carried out' D' >atc" t"e p"rasal verb "eadlines /it" t"e explanations belo/' 1"ere are t/o possibilities &or eac" one' Comment upon t"em' a% M+!, !$N$3+ CL1 LP b% V$3MFCV 1F 7R+P LP c% 9+1C9B14; !R+7BR; HF3B 19RFLH9 d% !LVB RL3; !F73 +3$>+M R$H91; ;LPPFR1BR; e% PR$3CB 1+VB3 $3 J, PRF )'Customs o&&icers strip searc" ex-P> b- mista.e :'>aid caug"t snooping in ex-P>4s bedroom <'Conman tric.s Prince out o& C,KKK pounds A'>agician4s tric. goes "orribl- /rong C'Fpposition leader catc"es pneumonia E'!ivina distressed at deat" o& gold&is" *'!u.e orders c"au&&eur to drive into animal rig"ts supporters D'Fpposition leader told to cool it G'Prince put up b- call girl a&ter being .ic.ed out o& Palace )K' !u.e criticises animal rig"ts activists &or sabotaging grouse s"oot'

G' Comment on t"e organisation c"art and tr- to appl- it at an organisation -ou are &amiliar /it"'

)K' 1ranslate into Bnglis"2 Cei patru tigri mici ai +siei2 Coreea de ;ud, 1ai/an, 9ong Vong i ;ingapore au demonstrat n (umtatea a doua a secolului nostru posibilitatea decolrii economice, a ieirii din subdezvoltare, a intrrii n marea &amilie a economiilor avansate i prospere' +u urmat tigri mi(locii, la distan de zece-douzeci de ani, din zona +;B+32 >alaezia, $ndonezia, 1ailanda i Filipine' Pi &iindc mai rm nea timp p n n :KKK, surpriza s-a produs' C"ina a adoptat ritmurile de cretere ale tigrilor' >ai nt i s recunoatem c n lume primul indice care este lipit pe &runtea unei ri, paaportul sau buletinul ei, clasi&icarea absoluti &inal, este produsul pe cap de locuitor' ;ociologi, umaniti, istorici ncearc n zadar alte semne distinctive2 spiritualitatea, &ericirea, armonia, creativitatea' Pentru literatur toate sunt bune, dar nu in loc de criteriul economic, universal admis, ce rezist oricrei dezbateri' !ar dup el urmeaz imediat alt indice, rata creterii acestui produs' ;pune-mi c t produci ca s-i spun cine eti, spune-mi cum creti, ca s-i spun pe cine contez'