Dr. ec.

Radu Mihai CRIAN

ISTORIA INTERZIS

Editura TIBO BUCURETI 2008

Descrierea CI a Bi!"i#tecii Na$i#%a"e a R#&'%iei CRIAN( RADU MI)AI Ist#ria i%ter*is+ , Radu Mihai Cri-a%. . Bucure-ti / Ti!#( 2008 Bi!"i#0r. ISBN/ 128.123.88821.4.2 825.536.5.4

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SECRETUD SABIEI DE EOC. SAU CUM E CU UTINF EENOMENUD DEGIONAR................................................................22

CHT DE IRETROGRADI ESTE MI)AI EMINESCU< 2 r+s7u%suri u%ui 7r#cur#r JJJJ...................................................15

AUTOA RARE SI)IC. CUM S DEBII IMUN DA MANI UDARE............... JJJJ.................................................503

NICODAE CONSTANTIN AUDESCU I NOI............................551

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55 QAde?+ru" se d#?ede-te cu ar0u&e%te -i c#%tra.ar0u&e%te( %u 7ri% #rd#%a%$e 0u?er%a&e%ta"e( ar&at+( 7#"i$ie( :%chis#ri( c+"+i -i tr'%t#ri( cu care tre!uie dat de 7+&'%t\ Ce are de ascu%s re0i&u" de "a Bucure-ti< Gu?er%e"e care au ce?a de ascu%s( care :%cearc+ s+ ascu%d+ rea"itatea ist#ric+ :% d#su" u%eia sau a &ai &u"t#r #rd#%a%$e de ur0e%$+( su%t :% a8ara "e0iiI. 9Te#d#r Usca( A7e" "a ra$iu%e 9II;( :% Cu?'%tu" "e0i#%ar( A% IB( %r. C0( iu"ie 2008( 7a0. 52; QArtic#"u" 35 di% C#%stitu$ia R#&'%iei/ 95;Dre7tu" 7ers#a%ei de a a?ea acces "a #rice i%8#r&a$ie de i%teres 7u!"ic %u 7#ate 8i :%0r+dit. Or( t#c&ai acest dre7t este a%u"at de 7re?ederi"e O.U.G. 35,2002( care #!"i0+ cet+$e%ii "a d#7aN -i :%d#ctri%are cu ?ersiu%i"e 8a!ricate de 7#"i$ia 7#"itic+ a 0'%dirii -i de 8#-tii 9K;acade&icie%i 7"i%i -i c#res7#%de%$i de "a LEa%e Ba!a%uMI. 9Te#d#r Usca( A7e" "a ra$iu%e 9II;( :% Cu?'%tu" "e0i#%ar( A% IB( %r. C0( iu"ie 2008( 7a0. 52; QU%de su%t 0r#7i"e c#&u%e cu *eci sau sute de ?a0#a%e de sche"ete u&a%e( u%de su%t restu" de d#?e*i care %e i%cri&i%ea*+< Du7+ ce se ?#r 0+si d#?e*i"e( e"e ?#r tre!ui e?a"uate de %i-te c#&isii de e=7er$i -i tra%s8#r&ate :% 7r#!e a"e 7r#cesu"ui. A& *is 7r#ces\ Care 7r#ces< Ace"a care Nudec+ -i c#%da&%+\ U%de su%t e=ecuta%$ii( cri&i%a"ii( c+ %u se ?ede %ici u%u"( c+ %u #r 8i #&#r't at'ta 7u*derie de #a&e%i A%t#%escu -i A"e=ia%u<\ S+.i aduce& :% 8a$a u%ui tri!u%a"( s+ &+rturiseasc+( %e%#r#ci$ii\ Ci%e %e acu*+< T#?ar+-u" E""ie Uiesse"< +i ce.# 8i e"( acu*at#r( Nudec+t#r -i 7"ut#% de e=ecu$ie<I 9Nicad#r Ze"ea C#drea%u( Des7re Mi-carea De0i#%ar+( :% Cu?'%tu" "e0i#%ar( A% IB( %r. 6C( &artie 2008( 7a0. 6; QDac+ %e acu*+ statu" Israe"( s+ # 8ac+ "a %i?e" di7"#&atic( cu& cere u*a%$a i%ter%a$i#%a"+. Breau s+ ?+d :% *iare9K; scris &are/ LStatu" Israe" acu*+ R#&'%ia de )#"#caust\M C#7ie du7+ actu" #8icia"( -i( ca t#t r#&'%u"( cu a%tet( -ta&7i"+ -i se&%+tur+\I 9Nicad#r Ze"ea C#drea%u( Des7re Mi-carea De0i#%ar+( :% Cu?'%tu" "e0i#%ar( A% IB( %r. 6C( &artie 2008( 7a0. 6;

QDe ce se ascu%d #7#ru"ui R#&'% a%u&ite ade?+ruri< Si&7"u/ 7e%tru a." &e%$i%e 7e &ai de7arte :% sc"a?ie. Sc"a?ia iude#. c#&u%ist+ de ieri a 8#st :%"#cuit+ de cea iude#.a&erica%+ -i #ccide%ta"+ de a*iI. 9Te#d#r Usca( A7e" "a ra$iu%e 9II;( :% Cu?'%tu" "e0i#%ar( A% IB( %r. C0( iu"ie 2008( 7a0. 52; ZeWish Ba%Yer / QS.ar 7utea s7u%e c+ Mar=is&u" este ce" &ai :%?er-u%at du-&a% a" Ca7ita"is&u"ui( care 7e%tru %#i e s8'%t. e%tru si&7"u" &#ti? c+ ei su%t 7#"i #7u-i( ei %e dau %#u+ cei d#i 7#"i ai +&'%tu"ui -i %e 7er&it s+.i 8i& %#i a=a. Ace-ti d#i #7#%e%$i B#"-e?is&u" -i %#i :%-i%e %e 0+si& ide%ti8ica$i :% I%ter%a$i#%a"a. Ace-ti d#i #7#%e%$i( care c#%stituie d#ctri%a ce"#r d#i 7#"i ai s#ciet+$ii( se :%t'"%esc :% u%itatea de sc#7( care este re:%%#irea s#ciet+$ii de sus 7ri% c#%tr#"u" a?u$iei -i de N#s 7ri% re?#"u$ieI. 9Citat di% ZeWish Ba%Yer( de C#&te de 52 Sai%t.Au"aire di% Ge%e?e c#%tra "a ai=( Di!rarie "a%( aris( 513C( a7ud O!iecti? 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7are curi#s c+ u% 0u?er% re7u!"ica% :-i 7r#7u%e s+ i&7u%+ 7u!"icu"ui # a%u&it+ ?i*iu%e asu7ra ist#riei -i s+.i :%te&%i$e*e 7e #a&e%ii care 7r#7u% a"ta. E=ist+ aici # c#%8u*ie9K; 7ericu"#as+ :%tre "i!ertatea de a a8ir&a sau %e0a -i "i!ertatea de a "+uda sau de a c#%da&%a. Se :%$e"e0e c"ar c+ u% 0u?er% :-i e=ercit+ "e0iti& 8u%c$ii"e atu%ci c'%d i%ter*ice s+ se 8ac+ a7#"#0ia u%ei cri&e( a u%ui ?iciu( a u%ui dr#0. E &ai 0reu de :%$e"es de ce i%ter*ice s+ se discute des7re e=iste%$a ace"ei cri&e( a ace"ui ?iciu sau a ace"ui dr#0/ cu c't e &ai a!surd+ # te*+ care "e %ea0+( cu at't ?a 8i &ai u-#r recu%#scut+ ca atare -i se ?a desca"i8ica de "a si%e. I%ter*icerea u%ei i%8#r&a$ii( 8ie -i &i%ci%#ase( :%sea&%+ a da i&7resia c+ se d#re-te s+ se ascu%d+ ce?a( 8+r+ a &ai 7u%e "a s#c#tea"+ 8a7tu" c+ # ase&e%ea &+sur+ %u 7are de"#c c#%8#r&+ cu Dec"ara$ia Dre7turi"#r O&u"ui -i a"e Cet+$ea%u"ui 7e care se !a*ea*+ C#%stitu$ia. P% &#d ?i*i!i"( &a%i7u"area i%8#r&a$iei a de?e%it # 7r#cedur+ 8ireasc+ 9# 7r#cedur+ cure%t+ @ %.%.; :% s7iritu" 7uteri"#r 7u!"ice. S.ar *ice c+ a& re?e%it "a ?re&uri"e c'%d I%chi*i$ia d+dea 8#c c+r$i"#r c+r#ra %u "e a7r#!a c#%$i%utu"I. 9B"adi&ir B#"Y#88( Tratat de de*i%8#r&are. De "a Ca"u" Tr#ia% "a I%ter%et( Traducerea Mih%ea C#"u&!ea%u( Editura A%tet( Bucure-ti( 8.a.( 7a0. 222( 223; De*ira!i"itatea( :% atari :&7reNur+ri( a #&u"ui care t#tu-i se :%c+7+$'%ea*+ s+ 0'%deasc+<... Cea care.# -ti&. DarJ( &erit+< Ce.a$i *ice s+ %u %e 7ri7i& de.a r+s7u%de< Su0estia &ea. Acce7ta$i 7r#?#carea< P%t'i trei :%tre!+ri/ 5C I. De ce )it"er( de-i Ger&a%ia era # &are 7utere teh%ic+( tri&ite ar&ata 0er&a%+ 9et%ic 0er&a%+\; 7e 8r#%tu" s#?ietic NEechi7at+ cu car!ura%$i -i &#t#are care s+ re*iste "a 0eruri"e ier%ii ruse-ti< i aceasta :% c#%di$ii"e :% care( t#t e"( )it"er/ a; recu& :%su-i &+rturise-te :% Mei% [a&78( 8usese c#&!ata%t :% 7ri&u" R+*!#i M#%dia"( :% ca"itate de &i"itarK adic+ e i&7#si!i" s+ %u 8i -tiut ade?+ru" e"e&e%tar c+ #rice r+*!#i( i%di8ere%t c't de r#* -i de 8u"0er s.ar 7r#8i"a "a :%ce7ut( %u.i de"#c e=c"us s+ se tra%s8#r&e @ ur&are i?irii 7e %ea-te7tate a u%#r circu&sta%$e i%de7e%de%te de ?#i%$a ce"ui care :" 7r#iectea*+ @ s+ se tra%s8#r&e :%tr.# c#%8ru%tare de u*ur+( care s+ dure*e a%i -i a%i. !; Iar+-i c#%8#r& 7r#7rii"#r "ui &+rturisiri/ # A?ea de7"i%+ cu%#-ti%$+ c+ 7e Na7#"e#% 0eru" :" :%8r'%sese su! *iduri"e M#sc#?ei. 9QNu a& a?ut de "uat # deci*ie &ai 0ra?+( 7e t#t 7arcursu" acestui r+*!#i( dec't aceea de a ataca Rusia. S7usese& di%t#tdeau%a c+ tre!uia s+ e?it+& cu #rice 7re$ r+*!#iu" 7e d#u+ 8r#%turi -i( de a"t8e"( %i&e%i %u se :%d#ie-te c+ a& &editat &ai &u"t dec't #rici%e asu7ra e=7erie%$ei "ui Na7#"e#%I. 9Ad#"8 )it"er( P%se&%area i%ti&+ di% 56 8e!ruarie 5146( :% Ad#"8 )it"er( Testa&e%t 7#"itic( Traducere de Nic#"ae Buh&ea%u( Editura Sa&i*dat( Bucure-ti( 5111( 7a0. 31;; # Di8icu"t+$i"e 7e care i "e 7r#?#case %ereu-ita ca&7a%iei &i"itare a Ita"iei :% Grecia ".au 8#r$at s+ :%t'r*ie cu a7r#a7e # "u%+ -i Nu&+tate dec"a%-area atacu"ui asu7ra U%iu%ii S#?ietice. 9QDe ce a%u" 5145< e%tru c+ tre!uia s+ :%t'r*ie& c't &ai 7u$i% 7#si!i"( -i s+ :%t'r*ie& cu at't &ai 7u$i% cu c't( :% ?est( ad?ersarii %#-tri %u :%cetau s+.-i s7#reasc+ 7uteri"e. De a"t8e"( %ici Sta"i% :%su-i %u st+tea cu &'i%i"e.% s'%. e a&!e"e 8r#%turi( ti&7u" ac$i#%a :&7#tri?a %#astr+. ri% ur&are( %u se 7u%e :%tre!area/ LDe ce deNa di% 22 iu%ie 5145<M( ci LDe ce %u &ai de?re&e<M. E+r+ di8icu"t+$i"e create de ita"ie%i( cu ca&7a%ia "#r 52 idi#at+ di% Grecia( i.a- 8i atacat 7e ru-i cu c'te?a s+7t+&'%i :%ai%teI. 9Ad#"8 )it"er( P%se&%area i%ti&+ di% 56 8e!ruarie 5146( :% Ad#"8 )it"er( Testa&e%t 7#"itic( Traducere de Nic#"ae Buh&ea%u( Editura Sa&i*dat( Bucure-ti( 5111( 7a0. 45; QDac+ r+*!#iu" ar 8i r+&as u% r+*!#i c#%dus de Ger&a%ia( %u de A=+( a& 8i 7utut ataca Rusia :%c+ di% data de 56 &ai 5145. A?'%d "a acti? %u&ai ?ict#rii t#ta"e -i i%discuta!i"e( a& 8i 7utut ter&i%a ca&7a%ia :%ai%te de s#sirea ier%iiI. 9Ad#"8 )it"er( P%se&%area i%ti&+ di% 52 8e!ruarie 5146( :% Ad#"8 )it"er( Testa&e%t 7#"itic( Traducere de Nic#"ae Buh&ea%u( Editura Sa&i*dat( Bucure-ti( 5111( 7a0. 65;; # Ur&are ace"#ra-i di8icu"t+$i( era %e?#it s+ :%cea7+ cu 8#r$e &i"itare di&i%uate atacarea c#"#su"ui de "a R+s+rit. 9QDe-i i%ca7a!i"i deNa s+ re*iste :% A!isi%ia -i :% CTre%aica( ita"ie%ii au a?ut tu7eu"( 8+r+ a %e cere 7+rerea -i 8+r+ &+car a %e a%u%$a( de a se "a%sa :%tr.# ca&7a%ie a!s#"ut i%uti"+ c#%tra Greciei. De*#%#ra%te"e "#r e-ecuri au st'r%it c#%tra

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%#astr+ ra%chiu%a a%u&it#r !a"ca%ici. De a"t8e"( ac#"# tre!uie s+ se caute cau*e"e ri0idi*+rii -i a"e schi&!+rii de atitudi%e a iu0#s"a?i"#r( :% 7ri&+?ara a%u"ui 5145. Acest "ucru %e.a deter&i%at( c#%trar tutur#r 7"a%uri"#r %#astre( s+ i%ter?e%i& :% Ba"ca%i( ceea ce a 7r#?#cat # :%t'r*iere catastr#8a"+ :% dec"a%-area r+*!#iu"ui c#%tra Rusiei. Ne.a& c#%su&at ac#"# u%e"e di%tre ce"e &ai !u%e di?i*ii. P% s8'r-it( aceasta %e.a #!"i0at s+ #cu7+& terit#rii i&e%se u%de( :% a"te c#%di$ii( tru7e"e %#astre %u ar 8i 8#st %ecesare. F+ri"e !a"ca%ice se ca%t#%aser+ ?#"u%tar :%tr.# %eutra"itate !i%e?#it#are :% 7ri?i%$a %#astr+. P% ceea ce.i 7ri?e-te 7e 7ara-uti-tii %#-tri( a- 8i 7re8erat s+.i "a%se* asu7ra Gi!ra"taru"ui( dec't asu7ra C#ri%tu"ui -i a CreteiI. 9Ad#"8 )it"er( P%se&%area i%ti&+ di% 52 8e!ruarie 5146( :% Ad#"8 )it"er( Testa&e%t 7#"itic( Traducere de Nic#"ae Buh&ea%u( Editura Sa&i*dat( Bucure-ti( 5111( 7a0. 60;; II. De ce Sta"i% 9DNu0a-?i"i 7e %u&e"e s+u ade?+rat @ adic+ :% traducere( L8iu" e?reu"uiM; ti&7 de %u &ai 7u$i% de u% a% -i Nu&+tate @ adic+ 7'%+ "a c#%tra#8e%si?a s#?ietic+ de "a Sta"i%0rad @( #7u%e e=7eri&e%tatei -i( t#t#dat+( 58 !i%e:%*estratei cu &u%i$ie ar&ate 0er&a%e tru7e s#?ietice a"c+tuite di% et%ici ru-i %ei%strui$i( %e:%ar&a$i -i 8"+&'%*i( :%s+ c#%str'%-i( 7ri% &itra"iere"e 7#"itruci"#r care.i &'%au 7er&a%e%t di% s7ate( s+ "u7te &ereu :% "i%ia I.a< Asta :% c#%di$ii"e :% care #dat+ cu Sta"i%0radu" @ -i cu ta%curi"e "ui s#?ietice de 8a!rica$ie S.U.A. @( Sta"i% a sc#s( ca di% 7+&'%t( ?a"uri.?a"uri de tru7e de # ca"itate cu t#tu" #7us+ ce"#r deci&ate su! tiru" 0er&a%i"#r( de.acu& a7r#a7e :%0he$a$i -i a8"a$i :% retra0ere de*#rd#%at+. III. De ce &area 8i%a%$+ i%ter%a$i#%a"+ :" aduce 7e )it"er "a 7utere :% Ger&a%ia( :i sus$i%e e8#rtu" de :%ar&are -i( &ai cu sea&+( %ici 7'%+ "a 8i%e"e r+*!#iu"ui 9adic+ 8+r+ :%treru7ere @ ceea ce :%sea&%+ i%c"usi? 7e t#at+ ?re&ea )#"#caustu"ui; %u :%cetea*+ s+ s7riNi%e &a-i%a de r+*!#i 0er&a%+< 9QP% rea"itate( i%dustria-ii -i a8aceri-tii !#0a$i di% cercuri"e 8i%a%ciar.!a%care i%ter%a$i#%a"e au 8#st cei care i.au 0ara%tat succesu" "ui )it"er. Du7+ ce )it"er a 7ierdut ?#tu" 7#7u"ar :% cadru" a"e0eri"#r #r0a%i*ate :% 5132( :% 8a?#area !+tr'%u"ui er#u de r+*!#i( 8e"d&are-a"u" au" ?#% )i%de%!ur0( trei*eci -i %#u+ de "ideri di% "u&ea a8aceri"#r( cu %u&e cu%#scute 7recu& [ru77( Sie&e%s( ThTsse%( B#sch au se&%at # 7eti$ie adresat+ "ui au" ?#% )i%de%!ur0 :% care se cerea ca )it"er s+ 8ie %u&it Ca%ce"ar a" Ger&a%iei. Acest t'r0( care ".a adus 7e )it"er "a c#%ducerea 0u?er%u"ui( a 8#st 8+cut :% casa !a%cheru"ui !ar#% [urt ?#% Schr#eder( "a 4 ia%uarie 5133. #tri?it s7use"#r "ui Eustace Mu""i%s( "a aceast+ :%t'"%ire au "uat 7arte de ase&e%ea -i Z#h% E#ster -i A""e% Du""es de "a 8ir&a de a?#ca$i Su""i?a%^Cr#&We"" di% NeW X#rY( care re7re*e%tau Ba%ca Schr#eder. A%u" ur&+t#r( atu%ci c'%d R#se%!er0 ".a re7re*e%tat 7e )it"er :% A%0"ia( e" s.a :%t'"%it cu direct#ru" sucursa"ei de "a D#%dra a !+%cii "ui Schr#eder( T.C. TiarYs( care era -i direct#r :% cadru" B+%cii A%0"iei. e t#at+ durata ce"ui de.a" D#i"ea R+*!#i M#%dia"( !a%ca Schr#eder a ac$i#%at ca a0e%t 8i%a%ciar 7e%tru Ger&a%ia( at't :% A%0"ia( c't -i :% S.U.A.I. 9Zi& Marrs( Gu?er%area secret+ a Du&ii. Ist#ria secret+ ce "ea0+ :%tre e"e C#&isia 51 Tri"atera"+( Era%c&as#%eria -i Mari"e ira&ide( Traducerea Nic#"# De""a u7a( Editura A%tet( Bucure-ti( 8.a.( 7a0. 523; QP%s+ sursa 7ri%ci7a"+ de 7utere a "ui )it"er ?e%ea de "a u% carte" de chi&ica"e %u&it I.G. Ear!e% 9%u&e"e este 7rescurtarea de "a I%tersse% Ge&ei%scha8t Ear!e%;. I&7#rta%$a s7riNi%u"ui ac#rdat de I.G. Ear!e% &i-c+rii s#cia"iste a 8#st re"e?at+ :%tr.# carte des7re carte"( care a8ir&a/ L8+r+ i&e%se"e 8aci"it+$i de 7r#duc$ie a"e I.G. Ear!e%( de7arta&e%tu" s+u de*?#"tat de cercet+ri( ?ariata e=7erie%$+ teh%ic+ -i c#%ce%trarea sa &#%#7#"ist+ de 7utere ec#%#&ic+( Ger&a%ia %u -i.ar 8i 7utut 7er&ite s+ :%cea7+ r+*!#iu" de a0resiu%e di% se7te&!rie 5131.M E=ista :%s+ # surs+ &ai 7u$i% cu%#scut+ a e%#r&ei 7uteri ec#%#&ice de care se !ucura I.G. Ear!e%/ Ua"" Street( SUA. LE+r+ ca7ita"u" #8erit de Ua"" Street( :% 7ri&u" r'%d %u ar 8i e=istat %ici u% I.G. Ear!e% -i( a7r#a7e si0ur( %ici u% Ad#"8 )it"er -i %ici u% a" d#i"ea r+*!#i &#%dia".M I.G. Ear!e% s.a :%8ii%$at :% 5124( c'%d !a%cheru" Rcet+$ea%S a&erica% Char"es DaWes a c#%tractat # serie de :&7ru&uturi e=ter%e t#ta"i*'%d 800 de &i"i#a%e de d#"ari 7e%tru a #r0a%i*a &ari"e c#&7a%ii de #$e" -i chi&ica"e :% carte"uri( 7ri%tre care -i I.G. Ear!e%. r#8es#ru" Carr#" _ui0"eT de8i%e-te "a%u" DaWes/ L:% &are( u% 7r#iect a" "ui Z. . M#r0a%.M Trei c#&7a%ii 7artici7a%te "a Ua"" Street( Di""#%( Read^C#( )arris( E#rd^C#( :&7reu%+ cu Nati#%a" CitT( s.au #cu7at de trei s8erturi di% :&7ru&uturi"e 8#"#site 7e%tru crearea acest#r carte"uriI. 9Ui"he"& ?#% A%0e"sd#r8( I&7eria"is&u" N#ii Ordi%i M#%dia"e( Traducerea Z#ha%% Du&itrescu( Editura A%tet( Bucure-ti( 8.a.( 7a0. 56;

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Q9K;Ade?+rata i&7#rta%$+ a I.G. Ear!e% :% e8#rturi"e de r+*!#i a"e "ui Ad#"8 )it"er c#%sta :% uti"i*area 7r#cesu"ui cu%#scut ca hidr#0e%are( 7r#ducerea de !e%*i%+ di% c+r!u%e( creat+ de carte"u" de chi&ica"e I.G. Ear!e%. Ger&a%ia %u dis7u%ea de resurse %atura"e 7e%tru 7r#duc$ia de !e%*i%+( -i acesta a 8#st u%u" di%tre &#ti?e"e 7e%tru care a 8#st :%8r'%t+ :% 7ri&u" r+*!#i &#%dia". U% #& de -tii%$+ 0er&a% a desc#7erit :% 5101 7r#cesu" de tra%s8#r&are a c+r!u%e"ui :% 20 !e%*i%+ 9Ger&a%ia dis7u%ea de &ari re*er?e de c+r!u%e;( dar 7r#cesu" teh%#"#0ic %u 8usese de8i%iti?at :% ti&7u" r+*!#iu"ui. P% au0ust 5122( Sta%dard Oi" a acce7tat s+ 7artici7e "a u% 7r#0ra& de c##7erare :% d#&e%iu" cercet+rii -i de*?#"t+rii 7r#cesu"ui de hidr#0e%are( 7e%tru a ra8i%a 7etr#"u" %ecesar Ger&a%iei 7e%tru a 7re0+ti ce" de.a" d#i"ea r+*!#i &#%dia". i( :% ce"e di% ur&+( "a 1 %#ie&!rie 5121( ce"e d#u+ c#&7a%ii 0i0a%tice au se&%at u% c#%tract de carte"I. 9Ui"he"& ?#% A%0e"sd#r8( I&7eria"is&u" N#ii Ordi%i M#%dia"e( Traducerea Z#ha%% Du&itrescu( Editura A%tet( Bucure-ti( 8.a.( 7a0. 5C; QDu7+ cu& s.a e=7ri&at u% 7urt+t#r de cu?'%t a" c#&7a%iei Sta%dard Oi"/ LI.G. Ear!e% %u ?a i%tra 7e 7ia$a $i$eiu"ui @ -i %#i %u ?#& i%tra 7e 7ia$a chi&ica"e"#rM. Acest c#%tract de carte" a 8#st e=tre& de i&7#rta%t 7e%tru r+*!#i( c+ci( 7'%+ "a s8'r-itu" r+*!#iu"ui( Ger&a%ia a aNu%s s+ asi0ure 7ri% e8#rturi 7r#7rii 26` di% %ecesaru" de c#&!usti!i" 7ri% si%teti*are. Mai i&7#rta%t a 8#st 8a7tu" c+ aceste u*i%e %. au 8#st !#&!ardate de A"ia$i( a-a c+( 7'%+ "a s8'r-itu" r+*!#iu"ui( ca& 26.30 de ra8i%+rii 0er&a%e erau :%c+ 8u%c$i#%a"e( 8ii%d a8ectate :% 7r#7#r$ie de %u&ai 56`I. 9Ui"he"& ?#% A%0e"sd#r8( I&7eria"is&u" N#ii Ordi%i M#%dia"e( Traducerea Z#ha%% Du&itrescu( Editura A%tet( Bucure-ti( 8.a.( 7a0. 5C; QUi""ia& Bra&"eT re&arca e=iste%$a ur&+t#are"#r c#%e=iu%i 8i%a%ciar.!a%care i%ter%a$i#%a"e/ Ma= Uar!ur0( u% i&7#rta%t !a%cher Rcet+$ea%S 0er&a%( -i 8rate"e s+u( au" Uar!ur0( care Nucase u% r#" crucia" :% :%8ii%$area Siste&u"ui Re*er?e"#r Eedera"e di% SUA( erau t#t#dat+ direct#ri "a I%teresse% Ge&ei%scha8t Ear!e% sau I.G. Ear!e%9K;. Da r'%du" s+u( ).A. Met* de "a I.G. Ear!e% era direct#r a" B+%cii Uar!ur0 di% Ma%hatta%( care &ai t'r*iu a de?e%it # 7arte c#&7#%e%t+ a "ui Chase Ma%hatta% Ba%Y( ce a7ar$i%ea 8a&i"iei R#cYe8e""erI. 9Zi& Marrs( Gu?er%area secret+ a Du&ii. Ist#ria secret+ ce "ea0+ :%tre e"e C#&isia Tri"atera"+( Era%c&as#%eria -i Mari"e ira&ide( Traducerea Nic#"# De""a u7a( Editura A%tet( Bucure-ti( 8.a.( 7a0. 524( 526; QU%u" di%tre direct#rii a&erica%i de "a I.G. Ear!e% era C.E. Mitche""( care era -i u%u" di%tre direct#rii B+%cii Re*er?e"#r Eedera"e di% NeW X#rY -i ai "ui Nati#%a" CitT 25 Ba%Y( a7ar$i%'%d 8a&i"iei Uar!ur0. re-edi%te"e c#%cer%u"ui I.G. Ear!e% di% Ger&a%ia( )er&a% Sch&it*( era de ase&e%ea -i &e&!ru a" c#%si"ii"#r de ad&i%istra$ie de "a Deutsche Ba%Y -i Ba%ca de Re0"e&e%t+ri I%ter%a$i#%a"e. P% 5121( Sch&it* a 8#st a"es 7re-edi%te a" c#%si"iu"ui de Ad&i%istra$ie a" Nati#%a" CitT Ba%Y( de?e%it+ acu& Citi!a%YI. 9Zi& Marrs( Gu?er%area secret+ a Du&ii. Ist#ria secret+ ce "ea0+ :%tre e"e C#&isia Tri"atera"+( Era%c&as#%eria -i Mari"e ira&ide( Traducerea Nic#"# De""a u7a( Editura A%tet( Bucure-ti( 8.a.( 7a0. 526;; A-adar<... CU DUMNEZEU PNAINTE\

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22 DZUGABIDI. NUMEDE ADEBRAT AD DUI STADIN QNu&e"e LDNu0a-?i"iM :%sea&%+ :% 0e#r0ia%+ L8iu de e?reuM. P% aceast+ "i&!+( 7e%tru e?reu se s7u%e "iterar LuriaM( dar e=ist+ de ase&e%ea -i cu?'%tu" LdNu0aM( si%#%i& cu LuriaM( care i%dic+ #ri0i%ea e?rei"#r cauca*ie%i( ?e%i$i aici di%tr.# c#"#%ie 7#rtu0he*+. Cea"a"t+ 7arte a %u&e"ui "ui Sta"i%( L-?i"iM( :%sea&%+ :% 0e#r0ia%+ L8iuMI. 9Traia% R#&a%escu( Marea C#%s7ira$ie E?reiasc+( Editura D#0#s( Bucure-ti( 5112( 7a0. 22; 9QCi%e a 8#st I#si8 Bissari#%#?ici Sta"i%< Se s7u%e c+ era cre-ti% #rt#d#= de Ls'%0e 7urM 0e#r0ia%( %+scut "a G#ri( :% Cauca*ia( -i c+ 7e%tru u% ti&7 a 8rec?e%tat u% se&i%ar. De-i e=ist+ di?erse Ld#cu&e%teM cu& ar 8i 8#t#0ra8ii"e -i 8#t#c#7ii"e( care 7#t 8i ade?+rate sau 8a"se( 8ii%dc+ au a7+rut du7+ re?#"u$ia c#&u%ist+( #8i$erii Ser?iciu"ui Secret R#&'% au cu"es 7r#7rii"e "#r i%8#r&a$ii chiar :% Cauca*ia( :% ti&7u" ce"ui de a" d#i"ea r+*!#i &#%dia"( i%8#r&a$ii care sc#t "a "u&i%+ -i de*?+"uie( ce" 7u$i% 7e%tru %#i( &isteru" ?ie$ii -i carierei "ui Sta"i%. Ca re"i0ie( 8a&i"ia "ui se 7are c+ a 8#st :%tr.ade?+r cre-ti% #rt#d#=+( dar ca Lras+M Sta"i% %u era u% 0e#r0ia% 7ur. De &u"te #ri e?reii care tr+iesc i*#"a$i :%tr.# s#cietate cre-ti%+ 7re8er+( di% c#&#ditate( s+ ad#7te :% &#d 8#r&a" re"i0ia c#&u%it+$ii( ca s+ %u 8ie 7ri?i$i de cre-ti%i ca i%di?i*i 7ericu"#-i. Dar asta %u schi&!+ cu %i&ic caracteru" acest#r #a&e%i -i( #ri de c'te #ri se i?e-te #ca*ia( ei se ridic+ :&7#tri?a re"i0iei ad#7ti?e( de a c+rei 7r#tec$ie %u &ai au %e?#ie -i( ca !u%i e?rei ce su%t de 8a7t( :%cearc+ s+ # distru0+. Sta"i%( dictat#ru" r#-u( a 8#st e?reu de #ri0i%e -i :% acest se%s e=ist+ &u"te 7r#!e. Ade?+ratu" %u&e a" "ui Sta"i% era Da?id Bisari#% DNu0a-?i"i( c+ruia i se &ai s7u%ea -i [#-!a. Nu&e"e de I#si8 -i Bisari#%( 7e care "e 7urtau Sta"i% -i tat+" s+u( %u erau 8#"#site de cre-ti%ii #rt#d#c-i. Cre-ti%ii %u 7ri&eau %u&e de #ri0i%e e?reiasc+ 7recu& I#si8( Be%Na&i%( S#"#&#%( Miria& etc.( ci %u&e de #ri0i%e 0receasc+( s"a?+ -i "ati%+( 7e "'%0+ ce"e "#ca"e. De aici( # 7ri&+ c#%c"u*ie/ 7re%u&e"e "ui Sta"i% i%dic+ de "a :%ce7ut c+ este e?reu de #ri0i%e. Nu&e"e LDNu0a-?i"iM :%sea&%+ :% 0e#r0ia%+ L8iu de e?reuM. P% aceast+ "i&!+( 7e%tru e?reu se s7u%e "iterar LuriaM( dar e=ist+ de ase&e%ea -i cu?'%tu" LdNu0aM( si%#%i& cu LuriaM( care i%dic+ #ri0i%ea e?rei"#r cauca*ie%i( ?e%i$i aici di%tr.# c#"#%ie 7#rtu0he*+. Cea"a"t+ 7arte a %u&e"ui "ui Sta"i%( L-?i"iM( :%sea&%+ :% 0e#r0ia%+ L8iuM. Nu&e"e de [#-!a sau [#!a( su! care era cu%#scut Sta"i% ca re?#"u$i#%ar :% Cauca*( %u era dec't %u&e"e "e0e%daru"ui e?reu Bar. [#-!a( care :% Ra%u"S 5C6 d.C. a c#%dus # r+sc#a"+ a e?rei"#r :&7#tri?a r#&a%i"#r( :% ti&7u" d#&%iei "ui )adria%. P% aceast+ r+sc#a"+ Bar. [#-!a a 8#st %u&it de c+tre &arii ra!i%i LMesiaM( dar r+sc#a"a s.a 23 ter&i%at r+u 7e%tru e?rei&e( care a 8#st :&7r+-tiat+ de r#&a%i :% di8erite 7r#?i%cii a"e I&7eriu"ui. e%tru c+ ade?+ratu" s+u %u&e :i tr+da #ri0i%ea e?reiasc+( Sta"i% a 7re8erat s+." schi&!e cu ce" rusesc de I#si8 Bissari#%#?ici Sta"i%. Ori0i%ea :i era tr+dat+ -i de tr+s+turi"e 8e$ei. Ge#r0ie%ii su%t :% 0e%era" #a&e%i :%a"$i -i !i%e de*?#"ta$i 8i*ic( 7e c'%d Sta"i% a?ea d#ar u% &etru -ai*eci :%+"$i&e. Acest 8a7t i.a #!"i0at 7e ur&a-i s+." urce 7e u% scau% Li%?i*i!i"M :% "+ca-u" Maus#"eu"ui( ca s+ a7ar+ &ai Li&7#*a%tM 7e%tru &ase"e care de8i"au :% -iruri %es8'r-ite 7ri% ia$a R#-ie di% M#sc#?a. Ei*i#%#&ia "ui Sta"i% era ti7ic e?reiasc+ -i 7r#!a!i" de aceea( ca s+.i ascu%d+ aceste tr+s+turi( t#ate 8#t#0ra8ii"e care i se 7u!"icau erau :% 7rea"a!i" retu-ate. Ea&i"ia( sau &ai !i%e *is 8a&i"ii"e "ui Sta"i% au 8#st de #ri0i%e 7ur e?reiasc+. ri&a s#$ie a "ui Sta"i% era # e?reic+ di% Cauca*( [ati SchWa%it*( cu%#scut+ su! %u&e"e de [ateri%a ?a%id*e. Ea a 8#st &a&a "ui Iac#! Da?id#?ici DNu0a-?i"i 9de ce Iac#! -i %u u% %u&e aute%tic rus sau cauca*ia%<;( 8iu" ce" &are a" "ui Sta"i%( ca7turat :% ti&7u" r+*!#iu"ui de 0er&a%i( :% *iua de 5C iu"ie 5145( -i dis7+rut( 7r#!a!i" e=ecutat "a s8'r-itu" r+*!#iu"ui. A d#ua %e?ast+ a 8#st Nadia A""e"uiah( cu%#scut+ su! 7seud#%i&u" de A"e"uie?a. E#sta secretar+ 7articu"ar+ a "ui Sta"i% i.a de?e%it %e?ast+( &a&+ a "ui Basi"i -i a S?et"a%ei Sta"i%. Nadia A""e"uiah a 8#st asasi%at+ de 7r#7riu" ei s#$( :% 5132( di% cau*a re"a$iei adu"tere cu e?reu" G"ei*er( e" :%su-i e=ecutat :% ace"a-i a% di% #rdi%u" "ui Sta"i%( ca Ltr#$YistM. Si%uciderea Nadiei A"e"uie?a a 8#st # &i%ciu%+ sc#r%it+ de c#&u%i-ti 7e%tru a." a7+ra 7e Sta"i%( care :-i ucisese 7r#7ria

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%e?ast+. A treia %e?ast+ a dictat#ru"ui r#-u( R#sa [a0a%#?ici( era( cu& se -tie( s#ra 8ai&#-i"#r [a0a%#?ici( e?rei care de$i%eau u% ade?+rat c#%tr#" asu7ra U.R.S.S.( 8ii%dc+ au 8#st si%0urii care( :% ciuda schi&!+ri"#r s7eci8ice re0i&u"ui r#-u( s. au &e%$i%ut :% 7#sturi cheie -i c#%tr#"au cea &ai i&7#rta%t+ ra&ur+ a ?ie$ii ec#%#&ice c#&u%iste( i%dustria. Ce" de.a" d#i"ea 8iu a" "ui Sta"i%( Basi"i I#si7#?ici DNu0a-?i"i( 0e%era" :% ar&ata rus+( c+ruia i se s7u%ea LBu"turu"M 7e ?re&ea c'%d tr+ia tat+" s+u( are # 8a$+ ti7ic+ de e?reu/ 7+r r#-u( 8a$+ 7"i%+ de 7istrui( %+ri de e?reu( urechi &ari -i !u*e 0r#ase. C't ti&7 a tr+it Sta"i%( 8iu" "ui a "#cuit "a M#sc#?a -i era c#%siderat u%u" di%tre ce"e &ai res7i%0+t#are 7ers#%aNe de "a [re&"i%. Eiica "ui Sta"i%( S?et"a%a( s.a c+s+t#rit :% 5165 cu e?reu" Mihai" [a0a%#?ici( u%u" di% st+7'%ii Rusiei s#?ietice. P%tre!area e/ de ce %u s.a c+s+t#rit S?et"a%a cu u% rus #arecare( ci t#c&ai cu u% e?reu< Eire-te( 7e%tru c+ -i ea era e?reic+ -i res7ecta %#r&e"e Ta"&udu"ui( care i%ter*ice e?rei"#r s+ se c+s+t#reasc+ cu %e.e?rei( 7e%tru a %u a"tera L7#7#ru" a"es de Du&%e*euM. P%tre a%ii 5141.5160( S?et"a%a Sta"i% a 8#st :% re"a$ii a&#r#ase cu *iaristu" e?reu A"e=ei [e7"e%. S?et"a%a ar 8i 7utut 0+si u-#r :% L7aradisu"M creat de tat+" ei u% iu!it rus. Dar( cu& ru-ii de atu%ci -i de 24 a*i su%t d#ar sc"a?i ai e?rei&ii ascu%se su! 7seud#%i&e( ei %u -i.ar 8i 7utut 7er&ite s+ :%tre$i%+ re"a$ii cu Le"ita e?reiasc+M re7re*e%tat+ de S?et"a%a I#si7#?ici DNu0a-?i"i. Cu& se e=7"ic+ 8a7tu" c+ 0e#r0ia%u" de Ls'%0e 7urM s.a 7re#cu7at de 7r#!"e&a %a$i#%a"+ e?reiasc+ :%c+ di% 5152< P% ace" a%( DNu0a-?i"i a scris u% artic#" i%titu"at L r#!"e&a %a$i#%a"+ -i s#cia". de&#cra$iaM( :% care se #cu7a :% 7ri%ci7a" de 7r#!"e&a %a$i#%a"+ e?reiasc+. Artic#"u" a 8#st 7u!"icat "a Bie%a :% %u&ere"e 3( 4 -i 6 di% 5153 a"e re?istei L r#s?esce%ieM. Sta"i% a&i%tea c+ e=ist+ u% %u&+r &are de e?rei :% Da0hesta% -i Cauca*ia( adic+ $ara "ui de #ri0i%e( -i se #cu7a de 7#si!i"itatea #r0a%i*+rii e?rei&ii :%tr.# %a$iu%e. P%ai%te de a scrie acest artic#"( Sta"i% a c#%su"tat # !iR!"iS#0ra8ie ?ast+ 7e aceast+ te&+( 7ri%tre care L r#!"e&a %a$i#%a"+M a "ui S7ri%0er( L r#!"e&a %a$i#%a"+ -i s#cia". de&#cra$iaM a "ui Bauer( a&!ii e?rei9K;( -i 7r#t#c#a"e"e ce"ui de.a" IB."ea( a" BI."ea -i a" BII."ea C#%0res E?reiesc( care au a?ut "#c "a Bie"#st#Y 9 #"#%ia; :% a7ri"ie 5105( "a Z]rich 9E"?e$ia; :% a7ri"ie 5106 -i "a D?#? 9 #"#%ia; :% dece&!rie 510C( ca -i 7r#t#c#a"e"e ce"ui de.a" BIII."ea -i ce"ui de a" IA."ea C#%0res a" Bu%d. u"ui e?reiesc( des8+-urate :% se7te&!rie 5150 "a D?#? -i iu%ie 5152 "a Bie%a. De ce ac#rda Sta"i% at'ta i%teres 7r#!"e&ei i%ter%a$i#%a"e a e?rei"#r( cu &u"t :%ai%te de re?#"u$ia c#&u%ist+<I... 9Traia% R#&a%escu( Marea C#%s7ira$ie E?reiasc+( Editura D#0#s( Bucure-ti( 5112( 7a0. 22( 23; QOrice 7ers#a%+ cu Nudecat+ care %u se "as+ i%8"ue%$at+ de 7res+ :%$e"e0e 8+r+ &ari di8icu"t+$i c+ %ici u% %e.e?reu %u ar 8i 7utut a%ihi"a di% i%teri#ru" Rusiei 7uterea #r0a%i*at+ de *eci"e de e?rei9K; creat#rii statu"ui s#?ietic. i %ici u% %e.e?reu( s7re e=e&7"u Sta"i% 9dac+ %.ar 8i 8#st e?reu de #ri0i%e; %.ar 8i 8#st t#"erat -i aNutat de u% 0ru7 de e?rei ca A78e"!au& 9Zi%#?ie?;( R#se%8e"d 9[a&e%e?;( S#!e"s#h% 9RadeY; etc.( s+ :" e"i&i%e 7e u%u" de.ai "#r( cu& a 8#st ca*u" "ui Br#%stei% 9Tr#$Yi;I. 9Traia% R#&a%escu( Marea C#%s7ira$ie E?reiasc+( Editura D#0#s( Bucure-ti( 5112( 7a0. 82; QOrice #& L8+r+ e=7erie%$+ 7#"itic+M( dar cu ca7u" "i&7ede -tie c+ atu%ci c'%d este ?#r!a des7re # !a%d+ de asasi%i( cu& a 8#st cea a #r0a%i*at#ri"#r -i c#%duc+t#ri"#r re?#"u$iei !#"-e?ice( %u 7#ate e=ista %ici#dat+ :%$e"e0ere :%tre &e&!rii ei -i c+( &ai de?re&e sau &ai t'r*iu( ?#r a7+rea ri?a"it+$i i%ter%e( di8ere%$e care ?#r c#%duce "a "ichidarea ce"ui &ai s"a!. A-a s.a :%t'&7"at :%tre Sta"i% -i Tr#$Yi -i &ai t'r*iu :%tre Sta"i% -i [a&e%e?( Buhari%( RadeY etc. Nu este ?#r!a aici de a%tise&itis&( ci de # si&7"+ ri?a"itate tri!a"+I. 9Traia% R#&a%escu( Marea C#%s7ira$ie E?reiasc+( Editura D#0#s( Bucure-ti( 5112( 7a0. 82; QE?reii di% Occide%t -i i%stru&e%te"e "#r recrutate di%tre cre-ti%i au dat "u&ii # ?ersiu%e 0re-it+ des7re "u7te"e i%ter%e di% Rusia( ca s+ cree*e i&7resia c+ cei Lc'$i?aM e?rei a&esteca$i Ldi% :%t'&7"areM :% re?#"u$ia !#"-e?ic+ au 8#st e=c"u-i -i :%"#cui$i cu Lru-i a%tise&i$iM -i c+ %ici c#&u%is&u" %u este a"tce?a dec't # %#u+ LreeditareM a ?echiu"ui i&7eria"is& $arist( "a 8e" de a%tise&it ca -i ace"a. 26 I0%#ra%$a Occide%tu"ui cu 7ri?ire "a #r0a%i*area secret+ -i "a c#%ducerea #&#ruri"#r di% Rusia( dar &ai a"es cu 7ri?ire "a ade?+rata %a$i#%a"itate a aut#ri"#r a 7er&is ca &i%ciu%i"e iude#.&as#%eriei s+ ia "#cu" ade?+ru"uiI. 9Traia% R#&a%escu( Marea C#%s7ira$ie E?reiasc+( Editura D#0#s( Bucure-ti( 5112( 7a0. 82; QCei i&7"ica$i :% c#%s7ira$ia iudaic+ &#%dia"+ au adus "u&ea :% starea de c#%8u*ie de ast+*i. E?reii %u su%t 7r#-ti -i -tiu ce 8ac. Si%0urii care %u :%$e"e0 ce se :%t'&7"+ su%t %e.e?reii. C'te?a &i"i#a%e de e?rei #r0a%i*a$i -i "ucr'%d 7e ascu%s su%t 7e 7u%ctu" de a distru0e ?ia$a -i 8ericirea tutur#r 7#7#are"#r "u&ii. P% ciuda "u7te"#r i%ter%e 7e care "e.a dus :&7#tri?a 8ra$i"#r s+i ri?a"i( Sta"i% -i.a i%ter7retat 8+r+ cusur r#"u" :% c#%s7ira$ie @ t#c&ai de aceea &as#%eria iudaic+ a&erica%+ i.a cedat cu at'ta u-uri%$+ Nu&+tate di% Eur#7a -i a7r#a7e t#at+ AsiaI. 9Traia% R#&a%escu( Marea C#%s7ira$ie E?reiasc+( Editura D#0#s( Bucure-ti( 5112( 7a0. 82; QDu7ta di%tre Sta"i% -i Tr#$Yi a 8#st # c#%seci%$+ 8ireasc+ a &#r$ii "ui De%i%. P%t#tdeau%a c'%d &#are u% dictat#r &#-te%it#rii "ui se "u7t+ 7e%tru a.i "ua "#cu". A-a s.a :%t'&7"at -i :% Rusia. Iudais&u" #ccide%ta" $i7a c+ L0e#r0ia%u"M Sta"i% a :%"+turat L?echea 0ard+M 9e?reiasc+; a "ui De%i% 7ri% 7r#cese -i e7ur+ri. i chiar a-a s.a :%t'&7"at. Sta"i% a :%"+turat ?echea 0ard+ "e%i%ist+( dar %u&ai 7e%tru a # :%"#cui cu a"ta ase&+%+t#are. Mai a!i" dec't Tr#$Yi :% &aterie de i%tri0i 7#"itice -i cu aNut#ru" e?rei"#r A78e"!au&( R#se%8e"d( S#!e"s#h% sau( cu& se 7re*e%tau ei( Zi%#?ie?( [a&e%e?( RadeY( -i a"$ii( Sta"i% a reu-it s+ :%?i%0+. Dar asta %u a schi&!at cu %i&ic %atura re0i&u"ui c#&u%ist(

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7#"itica "ui -i s#arta 7#7#ru"ui rusI. 9Traia% R#&a%escu( Marea C#%s7ira$ie E?reiasc+( Editura D#0#s( Bucure-ti( 5112( 7a0. 82;;

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2C Ceea ce.i %eade?+rat %u de?i%e ade?+rat 7ri% :&7reNurarea c+.i %a$i#%a"K ceea ce.i i%Nust %u de?i%e Nust 7ri% aceea c+.i %a$i#%a". Na$i#%a"itatea :% &ar0e%i"e ade?+ru"ui. Mihai E&i%escu( Ma%uscrisu" Di% -edi%$e"e S#ciet+$ii R#&'%ia Zu%+. Na$i#%a"i-tii -i C#s&#7#"i$ii( :% Mihai E&i%escu( O7ere( ?#". IA( Edi$ie critic+ :%te&eiat+ de er7essicius( Editura Acade&iei R#&'%e( Bucure-ti( 5180( 7a0. 462

SECRETUD SABIEI DE EOC

SAU CUM E CU UTINF EENOMENUD DEGIONAR 9c#%stituie( :% 8a7t( Edi$ia a II.a re?+*ut+ -i ad+u0it+ a "ucr+rii Sur'su" De0iu%ii. Sau cu& :%$e"e0 eu De0i#%aris&u" R#&'%esc( Editura Cartea U%i?ersitar+( Bucure-ti( 200C;

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QNu 8i$i "u7t+t#ri 8+r+ s+ ?+ 8i ada7tat -i 7er8ec$i#%at # teh%ic+ a c#%tactu"ui cu Du&%e*eu. O c#%tactare a i%8i%itu"ui( cu aNut#ru" i%i&ii s&erite.9K; P%?+$a$i rit&u" "ar0 a" res7ira$iei 7"a%te"#r -i ste"e"#r. Nu r+&'%e$i :% res7ira$ia 0r+!it+ a 8ricii sau urii. Dua$i.?+ *a"e"e r+!d+rii -i 7+cii i%teri#are. Ru0a$i.?+ :%ai%te de a 7#ru%ci sau de a da s8aturi a"t#ra. Nu i%tra$i :% desti%u" c#"ecti? 8+r+ s+ ?+ 8i 0+sit 7e ?#i( 8+r+ s+ -ti$i cu& s+ $i%e$i "u&i%i"e di% "+u%tru a7ri%seI.O OBasi"e #steuc+( Desti%u" i&7eria" a" r#&'%i"#r. Du&%e*eu( Nea&u"( O&u"( Editura Criteri#% u!"ishi%0( N#rcr#ss( GA( U.S.A.( 8.a.( 7a0. C2

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Dra0u" &eu cetit#r Dra0+ se&e%e(

G'%duri"e 7e care "e cite-ti acu& su%t &ai de0ra!+ # &+rturisire dec't # 7re8a$+ 7r#7riu.*is+ 9a" c+rei echi?a"e%t :" re7re*e%tau "a 7ri&a "#r edi$ie;. Sau dec't u% tratat e"e&e%tar 97e care :" 7re:%chi7uie( 7#ate( acu&;. De-i se re8er+ "a # &#%#0ra8ie "e0i#%ar+( su%t scrise de u% %e"e0i#%ar. De c+tre u% r#&'% care %u se c#%sider+ %ici 8a?#ra!i" "e0i#%ari"#r( %ici :&7#tri?a "#r. i care %ici &+car %u este de 7r#8esie ist#ric. Ci d#ar u% se&e% a" t+u 7e care( u%u" di%tre edit#rii aut#a%0aNa$i :%tr. u% de&ers &#%#0ra8ic des7re I#% M#$a -i Basi"e Mari%( ".a i%?itat s+.$i :&7+rt+-easc+( 7e.at't c't 7er&ite s7a$iu" u%ei i%tr#duceri( di% se%ti&e%te"e -i 0'%duri"e 7e care i "e.a 7ri"eNuit :%t'"%irea cu scrisu" &i"ita%t a" acest#r d#i c#&a%da%$i "e0i#%ari. Aceasta di% u%icu" c#%sidere%t c+( a%teri#r( a"c+tuise& -i 7u!"icase& testa&e%te"e 7#"itice a -ase di%tre Martirii Nea&u"ui( :%tre care trei&ea de c#%ducere a De0iu%ii @ C#drea%u( M#$a -i Mari% @ 9a"+turi de E&i%escu( A%t#%escu -i I#r0a5;( cu :%se-i cu?i%te"e 8iec+ruia di%tre ei( 7ri% asa&!"are "#0ic+ de IDEI CITATE.

5 Cu care( cu tustrei( aceasta se a8"+ :% de7"i%+ u%itate ideatic+.

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21 Su%t c#%-tie%t c+( acce7t'%d i%?ita$ia( :&i asu& # res7#%sa!i"itate i&e%s+. Di% ce" 7u$i% ur&+t#are"e -a7te &#ti?e/ 5; QEe%#&e%u" "e0i#%ar a 8#st -i este ce" &ai i%te%s su7us de%atur+riiI2. 2; QMi-carea De0i#%ar+ %u a a?ut %ici#dat+ -a%sa u%ui 7r#ces 8air 7"aT( cu dre7tu" de a.-i 7re*e%ta 7u%ctu" de ?edere -i a se a7+raI3. 3; A7r#a7e Qt#ate #7i%ii"e c'te s.au e=7ri&at 7'%+ ast+*i des7re Mi-carea De0i#%ar+( cu e=ce7$ia ace"#ra a"e "e0i#%ari"#r :%-i-i( au "a !a*+ :% e=c"usi?itate i%8#r&a$ii di%tr.# si%0ur+ surs+( cea a ad?ersari"#r ei( 8ie c+ ace-tia su%t de&#cra$ii de di%ai%tea u"ti&u"ui R+*!#i &#%dia"( 8ie c+ ei su%t de.a dre7tu" c#&u%i-ti( situa$i @ deci @ :%tr.# 7#stur+ 7#"itic+ dia&etra" ad?ers+I4. 4; QP%tre 8e"urite"e re0i&uri -i 0u?er%+ri care s.au succedat :% R#&'%ia :% u"ti&ii C0 de a%i6 9iau :% ca"cu" -i9K; a%iRiS 7#stre?#"u$i#%ari9K;; e=ist+ u% e"e&e%t de c#%ti%uitate( u% 7u%ct c#&u% :% c#&7#rta&e%tu" "#r 7#"itic/ a%ti"e0i#%aris&u"CI2. 2 Ghe#r0he Bu*atu( Des7re "e0i#%ari -i "e0i#%aris&( 7re8a$+ "a &#%#0ra8ia C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u -i e7#ca sa( Editura Criteri#% u!"ishi%0( N#rcr#ss( GA( U.S.A.( 2005( 7a0. 2 3 I#% Bar"a&( seud#R#&'%ia. C#%s7irarea dec#%s7ir+rii( Editura BOG( Bucure-ti( 2004( 7a0. 332 4 I#% a7uc( Cu 8a$a s7re trecut. #rtrete -i ide#"#0ii( Editura Ber0i"iu( Bucure-ti( 2006( 7a0. 3C2 6 e%tru 7erti%e%ta actua"i*are a %u&+ru"ui de a%i( acce%tue* c+ te=tu" este 7u!"icat :% 2005. C QDe0i#%arii au 8#st "#?i$i di% t#ate direc$ii"e. Au 8+cut a%i 0rei de 7u-c+rie du7+ 23 au0ust 5144( dar -i :%ai%te de ?e%irea "a 7utere a 30 6; QNe.a 8#st i&7us+ cu c#%sec?e%$+ # ade?+rat+ d#0&+ ide#"#0ic+( 8u%da&e%tat+ 7e &itu" 7r#7a0a%distic a" Ls+"!+ticieiM "e0i#%are9K;... De0i#%aris&u" a de?e%it ast8e" i&a0i%ea 7u!"ic+ a tutur#r re"e"#r de ieri -i de a*iI8. QAt't de &u"t au 8#st re7etate aceste "ucruri( at'ta cer%ea"+ s. a ?+rsat -i at'ta 7ati&+ a 8#st i%?estit+ :% aceast+ de%i0rare c#%certat+( :%c't 7e%tru a%u&ite &i%$i c#&#de 7r#!"e&a %ici %u &ai &erit+ discutat+1I50. C; QIst#ria c#%st+ di% a 7u%e :%tre!+ri trecutu"ui( ast8e" ca r+s7u%suri"e s+ 8ie :%?+$+&i%te c+"+u*i%d 7re*e%tu" -i9K; 7re0+tiR%dS ?iit#ru"I55.

c#&u%i-ti"#r\I 9I#% C#Na( De0i#%arii %#-tri( Editura UMC( Bucure-ti( 2005( 7a0. 1; QP%ai%te de 5144( re0i&u" de dete%$ie a 8#st e?ide%t &ai dur 7e%tru "e0i#%ari dec't 7e%tru c#&u%i-ti\ i t#t a-a &ai de7arte( du7+ 5144( re0i&u" de dete%$ie a 8#st &ai dur 7e%tru "e0i#%ari dec't 7e%tru cei"a"$i\ Cu"&ea( # serie de "e0i#%ari de$i%u$i 7#"itici :%ai%te de 5144( c#%da&%a$i 7#"itic de9K; !ur0he*#.&#-ieri&ea %#astr+( au r+&as :% te&%i$+ -i du7+ LE"i!erarea di% au0ust 5144M. U%ii di%tre ace-tia au 8#st e"i!era$i a!ia :% 51C4\I 9i!ide&( 7a0. 1; J QNu -tiu ce a"te tr+s+turi c#&u%e ?#r 8i a?'%d Ar&a%d C+"i%escu -i etre R#&a%( dar u%a este si0ur+/ a%ti"e0i#%aris&u"( care 7e 7ri&u" ".a :&7i%s "a cri&+( 7e ce"+"a"t "a &i%ciu%+. 9 ri%tre a"te"e( &i%ciu%a cu "e0i#%arii i&7"ica$i :% e?e%i&e%te"e de "a T'r0u Mure-( :% &artie 5110\;I( i!ide& 2 i!ide& 8 R+*?a% C#drescu( P% c+utarea De0iu%ii 7ierdute( Editura Bre&ea( Bucure-ti( 2005( 7a0. 1( 50 1 QC'%d se r#ste-te %u&e"e9K; Mi-c+rii De0i#%are( &u"t#ra "i se 7are c+ -tiu t#tu" di%ai%teJI( i!ide&( 7a0. 50 50 i!ide& 55 er!a% Mi"c#?ea%u( Tactica -i strate0ia :% :%tre!+ri cu sau 8+r+ r+s7u%s( Ti7#0ra8ia TCM ri%t( Bucure-ti( 2005( 7a0. C5 35 2; QNa$iu%i"e su%t i%de7e%de%te -i su?era%e :% &+sura :% care au -i 7ractic+ 0'%direa critic+ c#%c"u*i?+I52.

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A-adar( c#%sider( :&7reu%+ cu R+*?a% C#drescu( c+ Q%ici u% cu0et dre7t -i %ici # i%i&+ curat+ %u 7#ate #c#"i a%u&ite :%tre!+ri de&isti8icat#areI53. Cu.at't &ai &u"t cu c't( :% &aras&u" de ast+*i( care se a0ra?ea*+ *i du7+ *i( Nea&u"ui %#stru :i "i7sesc( Q:%tr.# 7r#7#r$ie :%0riN#r+t#are( #ri*#%tu" s7iritua"( cu"tura" -i 7#"itic %ecesar &ari"#r 7ri&e%iri ist#riceI54. Cu. at't &ai &u"t cu c't( de-i Qist#ria r#&'%easc+ &ai ?eche %u 8usese "i7sit+ de &ari c#%-tii%$e &isi#%are( :% 8ru%te cu E&i%escu56( 9K;%ici#dat+ duhu" &isi#%ar %u &ai 7+tru%sese at't de ad'%c :% 0'%du"( si&$irea -i 8a7ta u%ei :%tre0i 0e%era$ii. C+ci L&irac#"u" i%ter!e"icM r#&'%esc @ :% &+sura :% care a e=istat u%u" @ st+ &ai cu sea&+ :% acest 8"u= creat#r( 7#r%it di%s7re e"ite -i r+s7'%dit 7'%+.% r'%duri"e "ar0i a"e 7#7#ru"ui. N.au e=istat :% aceast+ 0e%era$ie %u&ai &ari 7ers#%a"it+$i creat#are( a0"#&erate ca.% %ici # a"t+ e7#c+ :% ist#ria r#&'%i"#r( ci -i u% "ar0 8r#%t L7#7u"arM de "u7t+ -i crea$ie %a$i#%a"+( cata"i*at :%de#se!i de ti%eri&ea "e0i#%ar+I5C. Iar ist#ri#0ra8ia di% R#&'%ia( Q:%c+ tri!utar+9K; ce%*urii ide#"#0ice( %.a aNu%s 7'%+ acu&( di% %e8ericire( s+ a%a"i*e*e -i s+ e?a"ue*e 8+r+ 7reNudec+$i c#&7"e=u"

52 i!ide&( 7a0. 56 53 R+*?a% C#drescu( P% c+utarea De0iu%ii 7ierdute( 7a0. 502 54 i!ide&( 7a0. 5C3 56 Q7+ri%te"e ide#"#0iei %a$i#%a"e &#der%e :% e?#"u$ia %#astr+I 9Octa?ia% G#0a( Mustu" care 8ier!e( Editura Scri7ta( Bucure-ti( 5112( 7a0. 63; -i Qce" &ai echi"i!rat creier 7#"itic a" R#&'%iei :% cre-tereI.( i!ide& 5C R+*?a% C#drescu( P% c+utarea De0iu%ii 7ierdute( 7a0. 502 32 8e%#&e% "e0i#%ar( u%ic %u d#ar 7e 7"a% r#&'%esc( ci( :% a%u&ite 7ri?i%$e( chiar 7e 7"a% eur#7ea%52I58. P%s+( ?#iesc s+ 8i& !i%e :%$e"e-i( :%c+ de "a :%ce7ut/ 8ireasca -i( &ai &u"t 7#ate dec't #ric'%d( %ecesara 7u%ere a :%tre!+ri"#r de&isti8icat#are %u tre!uie %icidecu& s+ :%se&%e c+derea :% e=tre&a cea"a"t+( :% hi7er!#"i*area "e0i#%aris&u"ui( :% %e0area 7'%+ -i a 7uti%$ei de.a a?ea -i e"( ca #rice este #&e%esc( i&7er8ec$iu%i. A-adar( u% de&ers i%?esti0ati? :%tre7ri%s cu #%estitate -i cu?ii%ci#-ie( 8+r+ %ici ce" &ai &ic rese%ti&e%t sau idee 7rec#%ce7ut+. i t#t ese%$ia"( a7"ecarea asu7ra #ric+rei #7i%ii sau surse :%t'"%ite( i%di8ere%t de 0radu" de c#%c#rda%$+ a" acesteia cu ?ersiu%ea L7#"itic c#rect+M asu7ra 8e%#&e%u"ui -i a t#t ce este c#%e= "uiK !a chiar cu cea "e0i#%ar+( c'%d e=ist+. I%tui$i desi0ur c+( str+dui%du.&+ s+ 7ri?esc "ucruri"e :% aceast+ &a%ier+( #7te*( :% &#d %ecesar( 7e%tru # #%#rare NEc#%?e%$i#%a"+ a i%?ita$iei c+reia.i dau curs. Adic+ # ?#i 8#"#si d#ar ca 7rete=t 7e%tru a L*!urdaM 7e arii cu &u"t &ai "ar0i( -i a te i%?ita "a c#re"a$ii de #rdi% :%de7+rtat :%tre e"e&e%te a7are%t 8+r+ %ici # "e0+tur+ cu su!iectu". P%tre a"te"e( schi$e* chiar # i7#te*+( du7+ c't cu%#sc( cu t#tu" i%edit+ asu7ra ce"ei de a d#ua c#%8"a0ra$ii &#%dia"e. T#ate acestea 7re8er'%d s+ aduc :% discu$ie( cu 7rec+dere( as7ecte a!#rdate 7u$i% #ri chiar de"#c :% cercet+ri"e care Du&%e*eu &.a 7ri?i"e0iat s+.&i aNu%0+

52 QC#%c"u*ie "a care au aNu%s &ai &u"$i a%a"i-ti str+i%i( 7ri%tre care -i9K; Ar&i% )ei%e%( aut#ru" ce"ei &ai a&7"e &#%#0ra8ii dedicate 7'%+ ast+*i 8e%#&e%u"ui "e0i#%ar/ Die De0i#% LEr*a%0e" Michae"M i% Ru&a%ie%. S#*ia"e BeWe0u%0 u%d 7#"itische Or0a%isati#%. Ei% Beitra0 *u& r#!"e& des i%ter%ati#%a"e% Easchis&us( S]d#steur#7aische Ar!aite%( M]%che%( 518C 9668 77.;I( i!ide&( 7a0. 502 58 i!ide& 33 su! #chi. I%di8ere%t dac+ su%t au !a c#&#de De0iu%ii -i,sau #ricui a"tcui?a. P% 8#arte 7u$i%e cu?i%te s7us( du7+ c#%tactu" ce ". a& a?ut cu scrisu" %a$i#%a"ist r#&'%esc( cu ce"e -ase 7ers#%a"it+$i c+r#ra( 7u$i% &ai de?re&e( a&i%tea& c+ "e. a& redactat( cu :%se-i cu?i%te"e "#r( testa&e%te"e 7#"itice( dar %icidecu& %u&ai cu e"e/ c#%sider c+ &esaNu" ideatic "e0i#%ar( c#%$i%ut ese%$ia"&e%te :% scrisu" "ui C#drea%u( M#$a -i Mari%( este si%te*a ce"#r 7atru S8i%te E?a%0he"ii( tr+it+ -i &+rturisit+ :%tru &uce%icie( ce" 7u$i% de c+tre ei trei @ 0'%dit#ri -i &i"ita%$i ai #rt#d#=iei cre-ti%e( i&7"icit ai r#&'%is&u"ui aute%tic. M#ti? 7e%tru care :&i este 7este 7uti%$+ s+ dau cre*are ce"#r ce caut+ s+ acredite*e te*e 7recu& aceea a sus$i%erii de c+tre )it"er a Mi-c+rii De0i#%areK a 8ascis&u"ui G+r*ii de Eier( #ri a 9sic\; su!#rd#%+rii sa"e 8a$+ de M#sc#?a. Mai &u"t( %u e=c"ud a!s#"ut de"#c( ce" 7u$i% ca i7#te*+ de "ucru( 7#si!i"itatea ca :%su-i R+*!#iu" a" II."ea &#%dia" s+ %u 8i 8#st dec't # i&e%s+( 7er?ers+ -i s'%0er#as+ cacia"&a( eta7+ strate0ic+ a #!$i%erii &u"t. tr'&!i$atei 0"#!a"i*+ri( adic+ a statu"ui u%ic 7"a%etar.

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P&i st+ruie :% &i%te cu?i%te"e :%credi%$ate h'rtiei :% 5146( 7e.ascu%s( de C#%sta%ti% R+du"escu M#tru( :% Nur%a"u" s+u secret/ QBict#ria 7e care # ur&+resc a"ia$ii este :% c#%tra %a$i#%a"is&u"ui( iar %u c#%tra i%dustria"is&u"ui( sau chiar a &i"itaris&u"ui 0er&a%. De.aceea R##se?e"t( :% discursu" 7e care a?ea s+." 7r#%u%$e( dac+ %u &urea( ?#r!e-te de !u%e"e re"a$ii :%tre %a$iu%i( -i9K; ace"a-i "i&!aN :" $i%e -i ur&a-u" s+u Tru&a%( :%ai%tea C#%0resu"ui State"#r U%ite. Aceea-i cau*+ e=7"ic+ -i a7r#7ierea di%tre State"e U%ite a"e A&ericii -i Re7u!"ici"e s#?ietice9K;/ ura 7e care # 34 au a&u%d#u+ :% c#%tra ide#"#0iei %a$i#%a"isteI51. i( %u :%t'&7"+t#r Qt#$i &i%i-trii %#-tri se :%trec( care &ai de care( s+ 8ac+ a!strac$ie de di8ere%$e"e de et%icitate :% %u&iri"e de 8u%c$iu%i -i :% &+suri"e de "e0is"a$ie ad&i%istrati?+ -i -c#"ar+. P% M#"d#?a su%t 7re8era$i e?reii( iar :% Tra%si"?a%ia u%0urii. Da %#i ade?+ratu" :%$e"es a" cu?'%tu"ui 8ascist( %u este a"tu" dec't %a$i#%a"istI20. P%s+( %#ta !e%e( d#ar %a$i#%a"ist r#&'%( c+ci( :-i c#%ti%u+ ace"a-i C#%sta%ti% R+du"escu M#tru c#%8esiu%ea( Q7e%tru a%ii( c'$i :&i ?#r 8i da$i s+ &ai tr+iesc( cititu" %e7#t#"it 7e care." 7ractica& &ai :%ai%te ar 8i chiar 7e%tru &i%e u% i*?#r de ?e-%ic+ %e"i%i-te -i &'h%ire. 9K;Se ?#r 7u!"ica :% R#&'%ia %u&ai scrieri 7#"itice de 7ati&+ ad'%c+( dar de 0'%dire su7er8icia"+. P% *iaristic+ ?#r d#&i%a i%te"ectua"ii e?rei( cari au ta"e%tu" s+ scrie des7re #rice( -i :% 8#%d des7re %i&ic seri#s. Se ?a c#%ti%ua 7r#7a0a%da de ast+*i :% c#%tra rasis&u"ui -i a tira%iei hit"eriste( si&7"e 7rete=te 7e%tru e?rei de a ascu%de su! e"e( 7e%tru #chii r#&'%i"#r( ade?+rate"e "#r i%terese. I%te"ectua"ii r#&'%i9K;( de 8rica ce%*urii( c+ci ce%*ura ?a dura -i du7+ :%cheierea 7+cii( 9K;se ?#r &+r0i%i "a !a%a"itate. u!"ica$ii"e cu c#%$i%ut 8i"#s#8ic( cu de#se!ire( se ?#r reduce "a re7etarea c"i-ee"#r 7re8erate de 7artidu" de "a 0u?er%I25. Dar cu& s.ar 7utea ca d#u+ siste&e 7#"itice -i ec#%#&ice at't de tr'&!i$at c#%tradict#rii :%tre e"e @ ca7ita"is&u" -i c#&u%is&u" @( res7ecti? ce"e d#u+ #&%i7#te%te Lsu7er7uteriM &#%dia"e( chiar -i %u&ai s+ su0ere*e cui?a ta!"#u" a d#u+ !ra$e( a7are%t i%de7e%de%te -i #7use( a"e u%uia -i ace"uia-i creier arhi7#te%t dar 0reu ?i*i!i"< 51 C#%sta%ti% R+du"escu M#tru( Re?i*uiri -i ad+u0iri( ?#".III( Editura E"#area Daruri"#r( Bucure-ti( 5111( 7a0. 5C1( 520 20 i!ide&( 7a0. 520 25 i!ide&( 7a0. 32 36 M.a 8r+&'%tat aceast+ :%tre!are. A& 8#rat. i ast8e"( :% s7iritu" 8ide"it+$ii 8a$+ de #!iecti?itatea -tii%$i8ic+( a-a 7recu& a& 7reci*at -i cu a"t 7ri"eN22( %u 7#t 8ace a!strac$ie %ici de 8a7tu" c+ :% c#%siste%tu" dic$i#%ar de 7ers#%a"it+$i e?reie-ti( scris %u&ai de aut#ri e?rei( tradus :% r#&'%e-te de u% c#"ecti? c#%dus de # e?reic+ -i 7u!"icat :% a%u" 2005 "a editura )ase8er @ #8icia" e?reiasc+( [ar" Mar= este 7re*e%tat ca Ldesce%de%t 9at't du7+ &a&+ c't -i du7+ tat+; a" u%ei "u%0i 0e%ea"#0ii de ra!i%iM( iar # sea&+ di%tre c#%duc+t#rii "a ?'r8 ai "#?iturii de stat !#"-e?ice -i( t#t#dat+ ai re0i&u"ui c#&u%ist s#?ietic su%t -i ei 7re*e%$i. De ase&e%ea( :% ace"a-i s7irit de #%estitate -tii%$i8ic+( %u 7#t %es#c#ti %ici e"e&e%te 7recu&/ . 7re*e%$a :% ace"a-i dic$i#%ar de 7ers#%a"it+$i iudaice( a u%ei a&7"e ru!rici !i#0ra8ice dedicate !a%cheri"#r R#tschi"dK . sau i%c"uderea :% 7resti0i#asa "ucrare I"u-tri 8ra%c&as#%i 9a7+rut+ :% 5111 "a Editura Ne&ira;( at't a "ui )it"er c't -i a "ui Muss#"i%i( :% c#%te=tu" :% care a%a"i*a c#&7arati?+ a ce"#r d#u+ cu"e0eri !i#0ra8ice( re"ie8ea*+ 7re*e%$a( de"#c rar+( :% "u&e( "a %i?e"u" c#%ducerii 8ra%c&as#%ice su7eri#are a u%#r 7r#e&i%e%te 7ers#%a"it+$i e?reie-ti. ri% ur&are( "a a8"area u%#r ast8e" de -tiri( este #are %eNusti8icat di% 7arte.&i %u s+ c#%test( ci s+ &a%i8est d#ar

22 P% i%ter?iu" 7e care d#a&%a d#ct#r Iri%a Airi%ei( redact#r "a Radi# R#&'%ia Cu"tura"( &i ".a "uat :% *iua de 1 au0ust 2006( 7ri?it#r "a "ucrarea Testa&e%tu" 7#"itic a" "ui Mihai E&i%escu. I%ter?iu 7u!"icat su! 8#r&+ de !r#-ur+( :% ace"a-i a%( "a editura !ucure-tea%+ Cartea U%i?ersitar+. 3C # circu&s7ec$ie &et#dic+( descartia%+ dac+ ?rei( asu7ra ?eridicit+$ii 8e"u"ui :% care( &a%ua"e"e c#%te&7#ra%e de ist#rie -i &aN#ritatea &ass.&ediei #8icia"e c#&e%tea*+( de e=e&7"u( rea"it+$i de r+scruce a"e ist#riei u%i?ersa"e( cu& su%t a" d#i"ea R+*!#i &#%dia"( ca7ita"is&u" -i c#&u%is&u"< Si0ur( cetit#ru" &eu dra0( 7arc+ te.aud deNa cu&( 7er8ect "e0iti&( &+ ?ei :%tre!a acu& cu stu7#are/

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L@ Bi%e( dar asta( d#&%u"e Cri-a%( :%sea&%+ c+ du&%ea?#astr+ "ua$i :% ca"cu" i%c"usi? i7#te*a e=tra#rdi%ar+ c+ )it"er( adic+ 7ers#a%a care a #rd#%at -i c#%dus u% 0e%#cid asu7ra e?rei"#r( era( de 8a7t( a0e%t iudaic< Ori asta.i cu"&ea a!surdit+$ii\... A8ar+ d#ar dac+ sus$i%e$i c+ de )#"#caust este ?i%#?at cu t#tu" a"tci%e?a( sau chiar %e0a$i e=iste%$a )#"#caustu"ui.M Iar :%tre!area ta e &u"t 7rea 0ra?+ -i &u"t 7rea ese%$ia"+ s7re.a &+ 7re8ace( chiar :% c#%di$ii"e actua"ei "e0is"a$ii 7e%a"e( c+ %.a& au*it.#. A-adar :$i r+s7u%d. i( 8+r+ a %e0a %ici e=iste%$a 0e%#cidu"ui :% &as+ asu7ra e?rei"#r( %ici r#"u" de$i%ut de )it"er :% des8+-urarea "ui( :$i redau :%t#c&ai( -i su! !e%e8iciu de i%?e%tar( # suit+ de 7ara0ra8e 7e care "e 0+se-ti :% "ucrarea/ r#t#c#a"e"e [#0ai#%u"ui. Te*e -i i7#te*e c#%se&%ate -i aute%ti8icate de I#% C#Na 7e%tru a se :%$e"e0e -i e?a"ua c#rect C#%te%ci#su" R#&'%#. E?reiesc( i%c"usi? @ a-a %u&i%du." u%ii @ L)#"#caustu" di% R#&'%iaM. Iat+."e/ QP% &edii"e i%teresate -i c't de c't i%8#r&ate asu7ra ce"#r 7etrecute :% a%ii aceia( circu"+ te#rii -i te*e care "ea0+ chiar deru"area )#"#caustu"ui de # c#&7"icitate 32 e?reiasc+( a u%#r e?rei( a u%#r "ideri e?rei( a u%#r i%terese e?reie-ti. Este e=c"us ca "iderii e?rei de a*i s+ %u cu%#asc+ aceste te*e( care i%cri&i%ea*+ :% &#du" ce" &ai se?er cu 7uti%$+. O7i%ia 7u!"ic+ a-tea7t+ # de*&i%$ire cate0#ric+ -i !i%e ar0u&e%tat+ di% 7artea e?rei&ii( a ce"#r :% dre7t( dar -i dat#ri s.# 8ac+( 7ri% care s+ se 7u%+ ca7+t ace"#r s7ecu"a$ii care dau )#"#caustu"ui # di&e%siu%e -i &ai #di#as+ dec't cea rea"+. r#!a!i" rea"+\... A?e& :% ?edere 7e cei care "ea0+ des8+-urarea )#"#caustu"ui de te#rii"e rasiste "a care au aderat &u"$i "ideri de c#%-tii%$+ e?rei( chiar :%ai%te de i%sta"area "a 7utere a %a*is&u"ui( te#rii 7#tri?it c+r#ra #&u" tre!uie s+ i%ter?i%+ 7e%tru :%de7+rtarea di% ?ia$+ sau de "a 7r#crea$ie a e=e&7"are"#r u&a%e tarate( !i#"#0ic %ereu-ite. Nici u% 7#7#r %u duce "i7s+ de ase&e%ea Lre!uturiM u&a%e. Bia$a de 0het#u a dus -i "a a7ari$ia u%ui &are %u&+r de e?rei de0e%era$i( a u%#r Le?rei de ca"itate i%8eri#ar+M. I7#te*+ 7re*e%tat+ de B.B.C.( cu a%i :% ur&+ -i a7ar$i%'%d u%ui ist#ric e%0"e*( 7#tri?it c+ruia "a0+re"e %a*iste de c#%ce%trare -i e=ter&i%are i.au Lse"ectatM :%de#se!i 7e e?reii care %u c#res7u%deau u%#r 7ara&etri a%tr#7#&etrici a%u&i$i. Se&%u" de recu%#a-tere a acest#r e?rei de ca"itate i%8eri#ar+ se 7are c+ a 8#st :% 7ri&u" r'%d s+r+cia( %e7uti%$a de a accede "a u% sta%dard de ?ia$+ c't de c't ci?i"i*at. Oricu&( este !i%e cu%#scut 8a7tu" c+ atu%ci c'%d )it"er "e.a cerut e?rei"#r s+ 7+r+seasc+ Ger&a%ia( %u t#$i e?reii au 7utut -i au a?ut u%de s+ 7"ece. Se 7are c+ "iderii c#&u%it+$ii e?reie-ti au 8#st cei care au decis( 7ri% "iste :%ai%tate #8icia"it+$i"#r 0er&a%e( care e?rei ur&au s+ 7"ece di% Ger&a%ia( sa"?'%du.se ast8e"( -i care e?rei r+&'%eau :% Ger&a%ia( 7e%tru a u&7"e "a0+re"e de e=ter&i%are\ Ce?a si&i"ar s.a 7etrecut -i :% Basara!ia. Cu 7u$i% :%ai%te de dec"a%-area r+*!#iu"ui au 7+r+sit Basara!ia *eci de 8a&i"ii de e?rei !#0a$i( i%8#r&a$i asu7ra 8a7tu"ui c+ ur&ea*+ a se 7etrece :% Basara!ia e?e%i&e%te 0ra?e( 38 sc+7ate de su! c#%tr#"u" "e0i"#r. Da 8e" cu&( :% aceia-i a%i( 7"ecarea :% a"esti%a sa"?at#are %u era accesi!i"+ tutur#r e?rei"#r di% R#&'%ia( ci se 8+cea du7+ a%u&ite criterii( i%c"usi? criterii !i#"#0ice/ ti%ere$e( :%*estrare 8i*ic+ -i i%te"ectua"+( stare de s+%+tate 7er8ect+ etc.9K; Surse #ra"e e?reie-ti acreditea*+ ideea c+ 7ri%tre e?rei este destu" de !i%e cu%#scut+ aceast+ cutre&ur+t#are di&e%siu%e a )#"#caustu"ui\ Nu&ai c+ i%terdic$ia de a c#&e%ta :% 7u!"ic aceast+ stu7e8ia%t+ e?e%tua"itate este a!s#"ut+ 7e%tru e?rei. C't 7ri?e-te te*a 9i7#te*a; ist#ricu"ui e%0"e*( acesta -i.a 7re*e%tat.# su! 8#r&a u%ei 7iese de teatru care( a d#ua *i du7+ 7re&ier+( a 8#st i%ter*is+ de ce%*ura !rita%ic+( 0est care %u se &ai 7etrecuse de c'te?a sec#"e :% A%0"ia. P% &#ti?a$ia i%ter?e%$iei( #r0a%e"e de ce%*ur+ au a8ir&at c+ %u 7u% :% discu$ie i%ter7retarea dat+ )#"#caustu"ui( asu7ra c+reia %u&ai s7ecia"i-tii se 7#t 7r#%u%$a( ci iau :% c#%sidera$ie se%si!i"itatea ce"#r care au su8erit :% )#"#caust -i 7e care :i ?a r+%i 7rea durer#s te*a aut#ru"ui. Di% 7+cate %ici 7'%+ a*i s7ecia"i-tii( :% 7ri&u" r'%d s7ecia"i-tii e?rei :% ist#ria )#"#caustu"ui( %u au dat r+s7u%s cu&7"ite"#r acu*a$ii 8#r&u"ate de aut#ru" e%0"e*( a" c+rui te=t -i a"e c+rui ar0u&e%te( au r+&as %ecu%#scute( au 8#st sc#ase di% circuitu" 7u!"ic a" i%8#r&a$ii"#rI23. Iar( ca re7"ic+( tu :&i ?ei s7u%e( c+( di% res7ecti?u" citat %u reiese %icidecu& c+ )it"er "e.ar 8i 8#st e?rei"#r su!#rd#%at( ci d#ar c+ "iderii acest#ra( chiar dac+ #r 8i #7erat acea cutre&ur+t#are se"ec$ie( %u e e=c"us s.# 8i 8+cut :&7#tri?a ?#i%$ei "#r ea 8ii%d( :% c#%di$ii"e descrise(

23 I#% C#Na( r#t#c#a"e"e [#0ai#%u"ui. Te*e -i i7#te*e c#%se&%ate -i aute%ti8icate de I#% C#Na 7e%tru a se :%$e"e0e -i e?a"ua c#rect C#%te%ci#su" R#&'%#.E?reiesc( i%c"usi? @ a-a %u&i%du." u%ii @ L)#"#caustu" di% R#&'%iaM( U%iu%ea Batra R#&'%easc+( Editura Fara N#astr+( Bucure-ti( 2004( 7a0. 53.56 31

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si%0ura 7#si!i"itate de a.-i sa"?a &+car # 7arte di% c#%a$i#%a"i. i.ar 8i %e#%est s+.$i t+i%uiesc c+ -i eu &i.a& s7us "a 8e". Di% 8ericire :%s+ a& 0+sit u% :%ce7ut de s7era%$+ c+ 7#t ie-i di% i&7as @ ur&+t#area "+&urire edit#ria"+( a8"at+ "a 7a0i%a 204( :% &#%#0ra8ia )#ria Nest#rescu B+"ce-ti( Ordi%u" Mas#%ic R#&'%/ QNu a& 7u!"icat( de-i a& a?ut "a dis7#*i$ie( "iste"e &e&!ri"#r "#Ni"#r 7ur e?reie-ti( a8"ate :% su!#rdi%ea Ordi%u"ui BV%ei BVrith 9Eiii A"ia%$ei24;( Districtu"

24 A"ia%$+ 7e care A"e=a%dru a8ra%( # e=7"ic+ ast8e"/ QDu&%e*eu i se re?e"ea*+ "ui A!raha&( :% &#d i%di?idua"( :% Fara S8'%t+ -i :i 7#ru%ce-te 7ri%tr.# &i$?a( care ?a 7ri&i &ai t'r*iu 7e Si%ai c#%8ir&area sa t#raic+ de a a7"ica L7eceteaM %atura"+( de a :%scrie Lse&%u"M 8i*ic a" a"ia%$ei Sa"e cu e" -i cu 7#steritatea sa( :% car%ea sa. Du&%e*eu a 7rescris circu&ci*ia "ui A!raha& -i a desce%de%$i"#r s+i( 7e%tru a sta!i"i 7e%tru :%t#tdeau%a %u d#ar "e0+tura di%tre E"( 7atriarhu" e?reu( -i rasa sa( ?iit#ru" Israe"( ci -i( :% ace"a-i ti&7( "e0+tura di%tre E" -i 7+&'%tu" L7ere0ri%+ri"#rM "ui A!raha&( ?iit#ru" Ere$.Israe"I.( A"e=a%dru a8ra%( #7#ru" "ui Israe" -i Fara "ui Israe". Israe"( Li%i&a %a$iu%i"#rMK Ere$.Israe"( su8"etu" u%i?ersu"ui( Curs $i%ut "a U%i?ersit+$i"e di% Ge%e?a( A&sterda& -i ZT?asYT"a 9Ei%"a%da;( "a Tri%itT C#""e0e di% Ca&!rid0e -i "a S#r!#%a. E=7u%ere 7re*e%tat+ "a aris( "a C#%8eri%$a ra!i%ic+ eur#7ea%+. P% ?#"u&u"/ A"e=a%dru a8ra%( Israe" -i r+d+ci%i"e sa"e( Editura )ase8er( Bucure-ti( 2002( 7a0. 68( 61 QEre$.Israe"( Fara "ui Israe"I.9i!ide&( 7a0. 2C; QChiar :%ai%te de a a"e0e Israe"u"( -i a"e0'%d Ere$.Israe"( Du&%e*eu 7r#c"a&+ c+ :%tre0u" 7+&'%t -i cu t#t ce cu7ri%de acesta su%t a"e "uiI. 9i!ide&; QIsrae" este #&u" -i 7#7#ru" 7ri% e=ce"e%$+. Israe" Leste %u&it #&M( c+ci e" este 7ri%ci7iu" ?ita" a" #&u"uiK Israe" este %u&it 7#7#r( c+ci e" este Li%i&a %a$iu%i"#rM( 7#tri?it s7eci8ic+rii Z#haru"ui -i a "ui Ra!i Iehuda )a"e?i 9sec. AII;I.( i!ide&( 7a0. 22 QDu&%e*eu( 7ede7si%d Israe"u"( %u :i retra0e %ici#dat+ dre7tu" asu7ra $+rii 7e care E" i.a dat.# 7e ?eci9K;. De a"t8e"( Israe" %u 7#ate re%u%$a "a Ere$.Israe"( c+ci %u re%u%$i "a u% a%0aNa&e%t u&a% -i "a # 7r#&isiu%e di?i%+( %u se se7ar+ de # &#-te%ire u&a%+ -i de u% dar di?i%I.( i!ide&( 7a0. 35( 32 40 QIsrae" r+&'%e 7e%tru t#tdeau%a 7r#7rietaru" u&a% a" F+rii care a7ar$i%e "ui Du&%e*eu( -i 7e care E" a #8erit.# 7#7#ru"ui S+uI. 9i!ide&( 7a0. 32; QEre$.Israe" tr+ie-te :% i%i&a "ui Israe"( c+ci Ere$.Israe" este Ls#$ia sa di% ti%ere$eM. Ere$.Israe" %u ".a schi&!at 7e Israe" 7e%tru u% a"t 7#7#rK Israe" %u a schi&!at Ere$.Israe" 7e%tru # a"t+ $ar+. Israe" -i Ere$.Israe" r+&'% deci i%dis#"u!i" u%i$i u%u" cu ce"+"a"t( c+ci ei r+&'%( a&!ii( u%i$i cu Du&%e*eu. Ori Du&%e*eu %u a schi&!at 7#7#ru" S+u cu u% a"tu"I.( i!ide&( 7a0. 33 QIsrae" tre!uie s+ se ide%ti8ice cu &i$?#t( cu 7#ru%ci"e di?i%e cu7ri%se :% T#raI.( i!ide&( 7a0. 26 QT#ra c#%stituie i%stru&e%tu" s7iritua" a" "ui Du&%e*eu 7e%tru Crea$ia "u&ii( iar &i$?#t c#%stituie i%stru&e%tu" 7ractic a" #&u"ui 7e%tru 7er8ec$i#%area "u&iiI.( i!ide& QP%trea0a T#ra( scris+ -i #ra"+I.(i!ide&( 7a0. 41 QT#ra scris+ %e :%credi%$ea*+ secrete"e "i&!ii sa"e #ri0i%are( e!raica( ca -i a"e 7#7#ru"ui e!reuI.( i!ide& QT#ra #ra"+9K; re8"ect+ structuri"e &e%ta"e 7r#7rii "ui Israe" -i #!$i%e a7"icarea sa c#&7"et+ :% Ere$.Israe"I.( i!ide& QDu&%e*eu #8er+ T#ra #ricui( cu c#%di$ia ca ea s+ 8ie acce7tat+ :% t#ta"itate( :% u%itatea ei &ateria".s7iritua"+. Dar %u&ai Israe" a acce7tat.# cu aceast+ c#%di$ieK e" s.a a%0aNat s+ # a7"ice 7retuti%de%i -i s+ # rea"i*e*e :% Ere$.Israe"I.( i!ide&( 7a0. 62 Q r#&u"0area T#rei "ui Du&%e*eu 7e Si%ai dec"a%-ea*+ :%tr. ade?+r si% a( ura %a$iu%i"#r "u&ii :&7#tri?a 7#7#ru"ui "ui Du&%e*eu. #7#are"e 7+&'%tu"ui %u.i iart+ "ui Israe" 8a7tu" de a 8i acce7tat ceea ce e"e au c#%siderat i%acce7ta!i"I. 9i!ide&( 7a0. 62( 63; Q #7#are"e 7+&'%tu"ui atac+ deci #7#ru" "ui Du&%e*eu( #7#ru" T#rei( a c+rui 7ri?ire 7+tru%*+t#are su7+r+( a c+rui ?#ce 7ersuasi?+ dera%Nea*+( a c+rui 7re*e%$+ irit+. #7#are"e 7+&'%tu"ui( atac'%d Israe"u" ?#r( de 8a7t( s+." atace 7e Du&%e*eu( a c+rui T#ra au re8u*at.#( a c+rui su?era%itate au res7i%s.#/ LE"e ur+sc Israe"u"( de#arece :" ur+sc 7e Du&%e*euM. #7#are"e 7+&'%tu"ui Lridic'%du.se :&7#tri?a "ui Israe"( se ridic+ :&7#tri?a "ui Du&%e*euM. Dar e"e %u.D 7#t sesi*a( %u.D 7#t ati%0e dec't 7ri% Israe"I.( i!ide&( 7a0. 63 45 Nu c#&e%te*... Ci( d#ar c#%ti%ui citarea/

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Q ri% a"ia%$a car%a"+ a circu&ci*iei -i a"ia%$a s7iritua"+ a T#rei( Du&%e*eu sta!i"e-te "e0+tura i%te0ra"+( t#ta"+( :% ace"a-i ti&7 &ateria"+ -i s7iritua"+( di%tre israe"it( 7#7#ru" "ui Israe" -i $ara "ui Israe". A"ia%$a circu&ci*iei este # &i$?a a T#rei( Lcare echi?a"ea*+ cu t#ate ce"e"a"te &i$?#tM. Iat+ de ce( %#tea*+ Ga#%u" di% Bi"%a( &i$?a circu&ci*iei este de%u&it+ 7ur -i si&7"u !rit( La"ia%$+M( c+ci ad+u0'%du.se ce"#r"a"te -ase sute d#u+s7re*ece &i$?#t 9?a"#area %u&eric+ a cu?'%tu"ui !rit este de C52; ea c#&7"etea*+ %u&+ru" C53( %u&+ru" t#ta" de &i$?#t a" T#rei. A"ia%$a T#rei este( de ase&e%ea 0"#!a"+( c+ci T#ra c#%$i%e t#ate &i$?#tK iar si%0ur+ &i$?a Lstudierii T#reiM echi?a"ea*+ cu t#ate ce"e"a"te &i$?#tI.( i!ide&( 7a0. 61( C0 QLA"ia%$aM care u%e-te 7e Israe" de Du&%e*eu" s+u Leste eter%+M( L%u ?a 8i ru7t+ %ici#dat+M( L%u e re?#ca!i"+MK este # La"ia%$+ de sareM/ sarea %u se schi&!+I.( i!ide&( 7a0. C6 QC#%8ir&area ata-a&e%tu"ui S+u i%destructi!i" 8a$+ de Israe" se a8"+ :% 8a7tu" c+ Israe" tr+ie-te/ e" %u 7#ate 8i d#!#r't :% 7#8ida su8eri%$e"#r 7e care "e su7#rt+. LOrice ar&+ 8+urit+ :&7#tri?a "ui ?a 8i %e7uti%ci#as+MI.( i!ide&( 7a0. C6 QP%tr.ade?+r( Israe" tr+ie-te( %u se schi&!+. Nu %u&ai c+ tr+ie-te( dar e" %u se schi&!+. E" este &ereu( :% ese%$a sa( :% structura sa 8u%da&e%ta"+ ace"a-iI.(i!ide&( 7a0. C4 QUitarea de si%e 7r#?#cat+ de uitarea de Du&%e*eu( de T#ra9K;( a%tre%ea*+ 7+catu" ce" &ai 0ra?( ace"a c#&is 7ri% %e0"iNe%$+I.9i!ide&( 7a0. 20; QCu t#ate acestea( *iYar#%( L&e&#riaM e?reu"ui9K;( r+&'%e !u%+K :% i%teri#ritatea sa ascu%s+( ea r+&'%e a7r#a7e i%tact+. Ea %u s"+!e-te %ici#dat+ c#&7"et/ ea %u s"+!e-te dec't "a 7eri8erie. ZiYar#% %u :" tr+dea*+ %ici#dat+ 7e e?reu( 8ie e" -i %eate%t. C+ci( :% 8#%d( e?reu" %u.-i uit+ %ici#dat+ Du&%e*eu" s+uK e" %u.-i uit+ de T#ra saK e" %u uit+ de #7#ru" s+u( Israe"K e" %u.-i uit+ Fara( Ere$.Israe"I.( i!ide&( 7a0. 25

42 QC't 7ri?e-te dis7ari$ia "ui Israe" di% "u&e( aceasta este e=c"us+( chiar di% cau*a L7ri?i"e0iu"uiM LR+s7'%diriiM 8i*ice a 7#7#ru"ui e?reu. #7u"a$ia e?reiasc+ di%tr.# re0iu%e 7#ate 8i distrus+K e?reii 7#t 8i e=7u"*a$i di%tr.# $ar+( dar Israe" %u ar 7utea 8i La%ihi"atM( 8ii%dc+ Du&%e*eu %u 7#ate 8i !iruitI.( i!ide&( 7a0. C4 QLE"#Yei Israe"M( LDu&%e*eu" "ui Israe"M( de?e%it Me"eh LRe0e"e "ui Israe"M( Ma"hut# !ac#" &a-a"a( LRe0a"itatea SaM se ?a i&7u%e tutur#r( &ai :%t'i di% tea&+ @ &a-a"a @ 7e care ea # ?a i%s7ira( a7#i ea ?a 8i acce7tat+ de t#$i cu !ucurie/ Re0e"e "ui Israe"( recu%#scut LRe0e a" :%tre0u"ui 7+&'%tM ?a d#&%i atu%ci asu7ra tutur#r @ LBa Ti&"#h a" c#" &aassehaM @ di% :%a"tu" &u%te"ui Si#%u"uiI.( i!ide&( 7a0. C1 Mihai E&i%escu @ I%e!u%I( Ia%tise&itI( I=e%#8#!I( Iretr#0radI 9-i( t#tde#dat+( Q&are 7recurs#r a" "e0i#%aris&u"ui r#&'%escI9C#%sta%ti% a7a%ace( MI)AI EMINESCU u% &are 7recurs#r a" DEGIONARISMUDUI r#&'%esc( Edi$ia I.a( Editura Ar&at#"ii( Cetatea Eter%+( 5165( c#7erta I.a . QNi&e%i a"tu" ca d'%su" %u este &ai a7r#a7e de su8"etu" "e0i#%arI.( i!ide&( 7a0. 5C;;/ QC#s&#7#"itis&u" e # si&u"a$iu%e -i %i&ic a"ta( e" %.a 8#st %ici#dat+ u% ade?+r. Str+i%ii care au i%terese 7ers#%a"e :% Fara R#&'%easc+ de es.( ?#r si&u"a t#tdeau%a c#s&#7#"itis&u"( 7e%tru c+( dec"ar'%du.-i ade?+rate"e "#r si&$iri( ar 7utea s+ 7eric"ite*e i%terese"e "#r i%di?idua"eI.( Mihai E&i%escu( Ma%uscrisu" Di% -edi%$e"e S#ciet+$ii R#&'%ia Zu%+. Na$i#%a"i-tii -i C#s&#7#"i$ii( :% Mihai E&i%escu( O7ere( ?#". IA( Edi$ie critic+ :%te&eiat+ de er7essicius( Editura Acade&iei R#&'%e( Bucure-ti( 5180( 7a0. 462 Ceea ce %u.i :&7iedic+ 7ri% %i&ic ca( di% ra$iu%i tactice( s+ se aut#7re*i%te Lr#&'%iM/ QCi%e ?a 8ace "ista 8u%c$i#%ari"#r &ai cu sea&+ :%a"$i( a 7e%si#%ari"#r( a de7uta$i"#r( a are%da-i"#r !u%uri"#r 7u!"ice -i Ra ce"#rS 7ri?ate( c.u% cu?'%t a t#t ce re7re*i%t+ circu"a$iu%ea -i re0"e&e%tarea ?ie$ii 0e%era"e a $+rii( ?a #!ser?a cu :%"es%ire c+ 8r'%e"e st+7'%irii rea"e aRuS sc+7at di% &'%a e"e&e%tu"ui aut#ht#% -i ist#ric -i aRuS :%c+7ut 7e &'i%i str+i%e. Dar acest di% ur&+ e"e&e%t( aceast+ 8#r&a$iu%e9K; se 7reti%de r#&'%+< Nea7+rat se 7reti%de( c+ci a"t&i%terea %.ar a?ea 7rete=t s+ st+7'%easc+I.( Mihai E&i%escu( LR#&'%u"M a c#%tractat %+ra?u"...( Ti&7u"( 21 iu"ie 5885( :% Mihai E&i%escu( O7ere( ?#". AII( Edi$ie critic+ :%te&eiat+ de er7essicius( Editura Acade&iei R#&'%e( Bucure-ti( 5186( 7a0. 2C2 Q #7#r( %a$iu%e e c#&7"e=u" de c"ase s#cia"e a" u%#r #a&e%i de aceea-i #ri0i%e et%ic+. r#7rietaru" &are( $+ra%u"( %e0ust#ru"( 43 IA R#&'%ia( de a"t+ 8actur+ -i structur+ dec't ce"e di% #!edie%$a Ordi%u"ui Mas#%ic R#&'%I26.

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Dar :% ce c#%sist+ at't de s7ecia"u" caracter a" acestui #rdi%< QC#%ducerea su7re&+ a 8ra%c&as#%eriei u%i?ersa"e # de$i%e Ordi%u" i%ter%a$i#%a" BV%ai BVrith2C cu sediu" "a Chica0#( :&7reu%+ cu 8#r&a$ii"e secrete asce%de%te( BV%ai M#sche( BV%ai Israe"( BV%ai Zi#%( d#&i%ate #cu"t "a r'%du" "#r de acei &isteri#-i P%$e"e7$i ai Si#%u"uiI22( a8ir&+ E"#ri% Becescu. A-a # 8i< Aici 7u!"ica$ia e?reiasc+ Israe"ite #8 A&erica( 7ri?it#r "a :%trea0a Era%c&as#%erie( %u %u&ai strict "a BV%ai BVrith( c#%se&%ea*+/ QEra%c&as#%eria este # #r0a%i*a$ie e?reiasc+( a c+rei ist#rie( 0rade( si&!#"uri -i 7ar#"e c#%?e%$i#%a"e su%t e?reie-ti de "a :%ce7ut 7'%+ "a s8'r-itI28. Iar Zea% Bide0ai%( :%tr.u% discurs $i%ut :% 8a$a Mare"ui Orie%t a" Era%$ei( adau0+/ QE?reii( at't de !res"a-u" su%t :% ace"a-i &#d 7#7#rK %i&e%i di%tre ace-tia %u e &ai &u"t #ri &ai 7u$i% 7#7#r dec't 8iecare di%tre eiI.( Mihai E&i%escu( U% ce%u-ar r#&'%...( Ti&7u"( 8 a7ri"ie 5821( :% Mihai E&i%escu( O7ere( ?#". A( Edi$ie critic+ :%te&eiat+ de er7essicius( Editura Acade&iei R#&'%e( Bucure-ti( 5181( 7a0. 256 26 )#ria Nest#rescu B+"ce-ti( Ordi%u" Mas#%ic R#&'%. Mai 7u$i%+ "e0e%d+ -i &ai &u"t ade?+r( cu u% Cu?'%t :%ai%te de Mihai" Sad#?ea%u( Casa de Editur+ -i res+ a%sa S.R.D.( Bucure-ti( 5113( 7a0. 204 2C U%ii aut#ri u*itea*+ 8#r&a LBV%aiM( a"$ii 7re8er+ LBV%eiM. P%s+( :% #ricare di%tre ce"e d#u+ &a%iere ".a& 0+si scris/ este u%u" -i ace"a-i cu?'%t. 22 E"#ri% Becescu( Era%c.Mas#%eria. Cri&+.S7i#%aN.A%arhie( Editura Ziaru"ui L #ru%ca Bre&iiM( Bucure-ti( 513C( 7a0. 53 28 Israe"ite #8 A&erica( 3 au0ust 58CC( a7ud O!iecti? De0i#%ar( A% II( %r. 592;( ia%uarie 2004( 7a0. 54( RO.D. 592;S 44 re&arca!i"i 7ri% i%sti%ctu" "#r de d#&i%a$ie -i 7ri% -tii%$a "#r de a 0u?er%a( au creat Era%c.Mas#%eria ca s+ :%r#"e*e :%tr.:%sa #a&e%i care( %ea7ar$i%'%d %ea&u"ui "#r( se a%0aNea*+ t#tu-i s+.i aNute :% 8a7te"e "#r( s+ c#"a!#re*e cu ei "a sta!i"irea d#&%iei "ui Israe" 7ri%tre #a&e%iI21. i.atu%ci c'%d :&i ?ei re7"ica cu& c+ )it"er a sc#s Mas#%eria :% a8ara "e0ii @ c+ut'%d( 7ri% aceasta( s+.&i su0ere*i c+ -i dac+ a 8#st cu&?a &as#%( "a u% &#&e%t dat s.a r+*?r+tit :&7#tri?a Mas#%eriei @( te ?#i i%?ita s+ re8"ecte*i asu7ra ur&+t#ru"ui 7asaN di% I"u-tri 8ra%c&as#%i/ QP% 5144( D. Ru00e%!#r0 %#ta/ L...cred c+ Muss#"i%i -i )it"er su%t d#u+ e=e&7"e 7#tri?ite 7e%tru 8a7tu" c+ ase&e%ea 7ers#%aNe( a7are%t :&7#tri?a Era%c&as#%eriei( ar tre!ui a%a"i*ate cu &ai &u"t+ ate%$ie.MI30. )it"er( Qa 8#st i%i$iat :% 5122( :%tr. # "#N+ di% M]%che%. A 8#st crea$ia 8ra%c&as#%i"#r di% Best9K;. )it"er a a7+rat i%terese"e Era%c&as#%eriei -i 7e u%ii di%tre 8ra$i( care( u"teri#r( au #cu7at 7#*i$ii i%8"ue%te :% ar"a&e%tu" Na$i#%a" S#cia"ist Ger&a%I35. QD. Ru00e%!#r0 re"atea*+ cu& Muss#"i%i a i%ter*is %u Era%c&as#%eria di% care 8+ceau 7arte -i 8asci-ti( ci d#ar Ldirec$ia r#&a%+M a Mare"ui Orie%t de Ita"ia9K;( s7#ri%d ast8e" i%8"ue%$a :% Ita"ia a Marii D#Ni U%ite de A%0"iaI32. Bu%( 8ie chiar -i.a-a/ Mas#%eria a%e=+ a iudais&u"ui( )it"er &as#% -i( i&7"icit( su!#rd#%at 7uterii iudaice. T#tu-i( cu& ar 8i 7utut( 8ie -i %u&ai # si%0ur+ c"i7+( u%#r decide%$i e?rei( s+ "e treac+ 7ri% &i%te 0'%du" de.a 21 di% discursu" "ui Zea% Bide0ai% :% 8a$a Mare"ui Orie%t a" Era%$ei( 5106( :% RO.D. 592;S( 7a0. 54 30 E&i"ia% M. D#!rescu( I"u-tri 8ra%c&as#%i( Editura Ne&ira( Bucure-ti( 5111( 7a0. 83 35 i!ide&( 7a0. 21 32 i!ide&( 7a0. 83 46 #rd#%a uciderea u%#r &e&!ri ai 7r#7riei "#r et%ii( -i :%c+ :% 7r#7#r$ii de 0e%#cid< Mai a"es( dat+ 8ii%d ad&ira!i"a s#"idaritate i%traet%ic+( s7eci8ic+( 7#ate :% ce" &ai :%a"t 0rad cu 7uti%$+( t#c&ai Nea&u"ui E?reiesc. Studiu" De0e%erarea Rasei Zid+%e-ti33( a" d#ct#ru"ui au"escu( schi$ea*+ # 7#si!i"+ 7ist+/ QCu?'%tu" de0e%erare 9de "a 0e%us/ 0e%;( @ c'%d e a7"icat "a # ras+ de #a&e%i( @ :%se&%ea*+ # a"tera$ie a caractere"#r 0e%u"ui #&e%esc.

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Adese#ri( :%s+( cu?'%tu" Ge% e :%"#cuit :% "i&!a0iu" -tii%$i8ic( 7ri% cu?'%tu" S7ecie. Su! i%8"ue%$a u%#r cau*e &#r!ide @ care 7r#?#ac+ "e*iu%i( :% siste&u" %er?#s -i &ai a"es :% creer( @ rasa de0e%erat+ :-i schi&!+ caractere"e s7eciei u&a%e. Ea i%tr+ :% d#&e%iu" at#"#0iei -i se de0radea*+ di% ce :% ce( @ 7ri% di?erse &a"8#r&a$ii -i 7ri% tur!ur+ri :% 8u%c$ii"e #r0a%e"#r( @ 7'%+ ce aNu%0e( :% ce"e di% ur&+( s+ 8ie c#&7us+ di% schi"#*i( %e!u%i( e7i"e7tici( i&!eci"i sau di% &#%-trii idi#$i(...ce.s i%ca7a!i"i s+ se &ai re7r#duc+I34. QDe0e%erarea e e=7resia u%#r "esiu%i atr#8ice sau &a"8#r&a$iu%i "#ca"isate :% a%u&ite terit#rii di% sc#ar$a creeru"ui( @ -i care se tra%s&it 7ri% hereditateI36. QDe*iu%i"e atr#8ice a"e sc#ar$ei creeru"ui( @ ce su%t 7r#7rii de0e%er+rii( dau "#c "a tu"!ur+ri :% se%si!i"itate( @ :% &#ti"itate( @ :% i%sti%cte( @ -i :% ?#i%$+I3C. 33 LZid+%e-tiM este ter&e%u" c#%$i%ut de tit"u" cercet+rii res7ecti?eK -i su! care( e?ide%t cu &#du"a$ii"e 0ra&atica"e de de ri0#are( su%t dese&%a$i E?reii #ri de c'te #ri Nic#"ae au"escu :i &e$i#%ea*+ :% cu7ri%su" ei. 34 Nic#"ae C. au"escu( De0e%erarea Rasei Zid+%e-ti( Bucure-ti( 5128( 7a0. 55 36 i!ide&( 7a0. 52 4C QA%#&a"ii"e c#%0e%ita"e a"e creeru"ui dau %a-tere "a tu"!ur+ri :% des?#"tarea #ase"#r cra%iu"ui( a"e tru%chiu"ui -i a"e &e&!re"#rI32. QDe0e%erarea Zida%i"#r9K; e dat#rit+ tra%s&isiei hereditare a &a"8#r&a$ii"#r creieru"uiI38. QTa"&udu" RLe=7resia scris+ a T#rei #ra"eM( c8. A"e=a%dru a8ra%( Israe" -i r+d+ci%i"e sa"e( 7a0. 41S i&7u%e Zida%i"#r( @ ce.s de0e%era$i 7ri% hereditate( @ #9K; cau*+ de de0e%erare di%tre ce"e &ai e8icace(...a%u&e/ C+s+t#ria %u&ai :%tre c#%s'%0e%i. Aceast+ cau*+ :-i a ar+tat e8ecte"e de0e%erati?e 8u%este asu7ra N#!i"i"#r( di% di?erse F+ri( cari se c+s+t#resc %u&ai :%tre eiI31. M+rturisesc c+( ce" 7u$i% 7e%tru &i%e( e ?er#si&i" c+ 7ers7ecti?a 7r#ducerii u%ei ast8e" de catastr#8e i%traet%ice %u ".ar 7utea "+sa i%di8ere%t 7e %ici u% c#%duc+t#r et%ic( i%di8ere%t a" c+rui Nea& 7eric"itat. i c+( :% u"ti&+ i%sta%$+ dac+ i.ar sta :% 7utere( ar recur0e( de-i cu cea &ai cr'%ce%+ str'%0ere de i%i&+( "a ce" &ai dra&atic re&ediu/ su7ri&+ri 8i*ice de de0e%era$i irecu7era!i"40. 3C i!ide&( 7a0. 26 32 i!ide&( 7a0. 20 38 i!ide&( 7a0. 54 31 i!ide&( 7a0. 56 40 Ceea ce :%s+ %u 7#t crede( -i( :%dr+*%esc s+ a8ir& c+ #rice #& cu &i%i&+ Nudecat+ de !u% si&$( %icidecu& %ea7+rat &edic #ri 0e%eticia%( re8u*+ -i e" s+ cread+( este a"tce?a. A%u&e a8ir&a$ia ace"uia-i d#ct#r au"escu( 7#tri?it c+reia :%trea0a et%ie e?reiasc+ este de0e%erat+/ QZida%ii 8#r&ea*+( :% O&e%ire( # ras+( 7articu"ar+( ce e de0e%erat+I.( i!ide&( 7a0. 55 A& t#t res7ectu" 7e%tru ca"it+$i"e de cercet+t#r a"e sa?a%tu"ui au"escu( c#%creti*ate :% &u"ti7"e -i 7r#8u%de studii -i desc#7eriri -tii%$i8ice( dar c#%sider c+ a 7r#cedat t#ta" %e#%est c'%d( 7re*e%t'%d 42 Iar :% Sta"i% :%c"i% a %u ?edea de"#c u% L&are ca*M( # e=ce7$ie. P%su-i %u&e"e "ui @ DNu0a-?i"i @ :&i d+ # i%dica$ie %e7re$uit+ des7re I0ru*i%itateaI "ui. i 7resu7u% c+( de ase&e%ea( #ricui a a8"at ce.%sea&%+ tradus... 8#t#0ra8ii"e a d#i E?rei retarda$i 9?e*i 7a0i%i"e 22 -i 23 a"e studiu"ui citat;( a e=tra7#"at e=ce7$ia( decret'%d.# re0u"+( -i :%c+ a!s#"ut+. scu*a. Iar re"ati?a %ede*?#"tare di% a%ii V30 a 0e%eticii %u." 7#ate C+ci( acei E?rei des7re care( :% S7ita"u"( C#ra%u"( Ta"&udu"( Caha"u"( Era%c&as#%eria( a8ir&+ t#t e" c+ su%t strate0ii ce diri0uiesc Era%c&as#%eria M#%dia"+ %u 7#t( 8ire-te( :% %ici u% ca*( s+ 8ie %i-te retarda$i.

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Mai &u"t( at'$ia -i.at'$ia E?rei #!i-%ui$i( cu care #rici%e :-i i%tersectea*+ cure%t 7a-ii( sau chiar st+ de ?#r!+( e e?ide%t c+ su%t %#r&a" c#%stitui$i. i ce s+ &ai s7u% de u% Da*+r +i%ea%u 9asiste%tu" "a catedr+ a" "ui B#0da% etriceicu )asdeu -i aut#r a" 7erti%e%tei cercet+ri de 8#"c"#r Bas&e"e R#&'%i"#r;( #ri de u% M#ses Gaster 9c#%te&7#ra% cu Mihai" E&i%escu -i e&i%e%t et%#"#0;J #t 8i ei( #are( retarda$i<... Mai &u"t( a& se%ti&e%tu" c+ Nic#"ae au"escu #7erea*+ cu # 7re&is+ 8a"s+. Du7+ 7+rerea &ea( e=e&7"u" 7e care." #8er+ dre7t a%a"#0ie 9a" u%#r 8a&i"ii %#!i"iare de "a Cur$i"e Eur#7ei A7use%e; 7ri?e-te %u&ai ace"e c+s+t#rii :%tre rude de s'%0e cu7ri%se :%tre 0rade"e I.IB rude%ie 9adic+ :%ce7'%d cu 8rate.s#r+ -i :%chei%d cu ?eri 7ri&ari;. Ori t#t e=7erie%$a 0e%eticii statuea*+ c+ di%c#"# de acest 0rad 9adic+ deasu7ra "ui; :%cruci-+ri"e :%tre c#%s'%0e%i %u %u&ai c+ %.aduc %ici u% 7reNudiciu desce%de%$i"#r( ci( di&7#tri?+( "e su%t !e%e8ice( c#%8eri%du."e acest#ra u% 7"us de ?i0#are 7sihic+ -i 8i*ic+. i :&i este i&7#si!i" s+ cred c+ u% :%tre0 7#7#r se 7#ate :%cruci-a %u&ai 8rate.s#r+ sau( :% ca*u" ce" &ai 7u$i% r+u( ?+r 7ri&ar. ?ar+ 7ri&ar+. C+ res7ecti?a :%cruci-are distructi?+ 7#ate 8i 7racticat+ de u% se0&e%t &i%#ritar a" et%iei( &ai c#%siste%t 7r#ce%tua" @ 7#si!i" 9$i%'%d c#%t de re"at+ri"e Bechiu"ui Testa&e%t; @ "a E?rei dec't "a a"te Nea&uri( :&i 7are &u"t &ai a7r#a7e de ade?+r. 48 A-a c+ %u &+ 7rea sur7i%de s+ a8"u c+ Q7e 22 se7te&!rie 5144( "a s#"icitarea s#?ietici"#r 0e%era"u" a&erica% D#%#?a% 7u%ea "a dis7#*i$ie "ista c#&7"et+ cu 7ers#%a"u" O.S.S. di% Bu"0aria( R#&'%ia( Ceh#s"#?acia( Iu0#s"a?ia -i di% *#%e"e #cu7ate de Ar&ata R#-ie. Di% ace" &#&e%t :%s+( t#$i 7arti*a%ii di% Eur#7a de Est -i di% Ba"ca%i care a?useser+ "e0+turi cu #8i$eri O.S.S. au 8#st trecu$i 7e "iste"e %e0re a"e N.[.B.D. O8i$erii O.S.S. 7ri?eau %e7uti%ci#-i cu& c#"e0ii "#r de "a N.[.B.D. su7ri&au 7as cu 7as #7#*i$ia "a d#&i%a$ia c#&u%ist+ di% *#%e"e e"i!erate de Ar&ata R#-ieI45. i.atu%ci citatu" di% ZeWish Ba%Yer @ QS.ar 7utea s7u%e c+ Mar=is&u" este ce" &ai :%?er-u%at du-&a% a" Ca7ita"is&u"ui( care 7e%tru %#i e s8'%t. e%tru si&7"u" &#ti? c+ ei su%t 7#"i #7u-i( ei %e dau %#u+ cei d#i 7#"i ai +&'%tu"ui -i %e 7er&it s+.i 8i& %#i a=a. Ace-ti d#i #7#%e%$i B#"-e?is&u" -i %#i :%-i%e %e 0+si& ide%ti8ica$i :% I%ter%a$i#%a"a. Ace-ti d#i #7#%e%$i( care c#%stituie d#ctri%a ce"#r d#i 7#"i ai s#ciet+$ii( se :%t'"%esc :% u%itatea de sc#7( care este re:%%#irea s#ciet+$ii de sus 7ri% c#%tr#"u" a?u$iei -i de N#s 7ri% re?#"u$ie.I42 @ s+ 8ie #are # %ai?itate<... Da 8e" -i ur&+t#ru"( di% The A&erica% )e!reW. Adic+/ QRe?#"u$ia di% Rusia a 8#st 7r#dusu" creiere"#r e?reie-ti( a %e&u"$u&irii e?rei"#r( a 7"a%i8ic+rii "#r( a" c+rei sc#7 este s+ cree*e # %#u+ #rdi%e :% "u&e. Ceea ce a 7utut s+ 8ie rea"i*at at't de !i%e :% Rusia dat#rit+ creiere"#r e?reie-ti( di% cau*a %e&u"$u&iri"#r "#r -i 7ri% 7"a%i8icarea

45 Crist#7her A%dreW ^ O"e0 G#rdie?sYi( [.G.B.( Editura A""( Bucure-ti( 7a0. 235( a7ud Nic#"ae Mitric+( E7is#ade di%tr.u% r+*!#i %edec"arat( 7artea a BI.a( :% Re?ista Era%c&as#%eria. De*?+"uiri cutre&ur+t#are( %r. 50,2003( 7a0. 22 42 Citat di% ZeWish Ba%Yer( de C#&te de Sai%t.Au"aire di% Ge%e?e c#%tra "a ai=( Di!rarie "a%( aris( 513C( a7ud RO.D. 592;S( 7a0. 50 41 "#r( 7ri% ace"a-i e8#rt i%te"ectua" -i 8i*ic ?a tre!ui s+ 7#at+ de?e%i # rea"itate -i "a scar+ &#%dia"+I43. Sau 7#ate chiar acesta( di% The ZeWish U#r"d.../QMare"e idea" a" iudais&u"ui este ca :%trea0a "u&e s+ 8ie :&!i!at+ cu :%?+$+tura iudaic+( -i a7#i( :%tr.# Erater%itate u%i?ersa"+( a %a$iu%i"#r @ de 8a7t :%tr.u% &are iudais& @ t#ate rase"e -i re"i0ii"e i%di?idua"e s+ dis7ar+I44. Adau0( &ai &u"t di% scru7u"#*itate( c+ :% aceea-i cu"e0ere !i#0ra8ic+ I"u-tri 8ra%c&as#%i :" re0+se-ti -i 7e Churci""( Sir Ui%st#% De#%ard S7e%cer 97a0. 66;( a"+turi de R##se?e"t Era%Y"i% De"a%# 97a0. 84;( Uashi%0t#% Ge#r0e 97a0. 86; sau Tru&a% )arrT S. 9t#t "a 7a0. 86;. C+ si0"a State"#r U%ite a"e A&ericii 97e care # 7#$i ?edea :% 8#r&at &are 7e *idu" A&!asadei S.U.A.; are deasu7ra 9se&%i8ica$ie de8i%it+ "i&7ede de hera"dic+; ca7u"ui ?u"turu"ui steaua cu -ase c#"$uri @ a "ui Da?id @( 8#r&at+ di% ste"u$e :%tre care "i%ia de u%ire tre!uie tras+ &e%ta"... e t#t acest 8u%da"( C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u46( %r.

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5 :% ierarhia "e0i#%ar+( re8eri%du.se "a R#&'%ia( sus$i%ea %ec"i%tit/ QZid+%i&ea e c#&u%ist+( dar %u 7e%tru Liu!irea de #a&e%iM( ci %u&ai di% ur+ 7e%tru Statu" r#&'%( 7e care %u&ai 7ri% triu&8u" c#&u%is&u"ui ".ar 7utea ?edea d#!#r't 43 The A&erica% )e!reW( 20 se7te&!rie 5120( a7ud RO.D. 592;S( 7a0. 8 44 The ZeWish U#r"d( 1 8e!ruarie 5883( a7ud RO.D. 592;S( 7a0. 2 46 Adic+ R#&'%u" care :%c+ :% 5122( 8+cuse 7u!"ic d#?ada de7"i%+ a ca"it+$i"#r sa"e chiar &i"itare de e=ce7$ie( 7recu& -i( t#t#dat+( a h#t+r'rii aut#asu&ate de a 7re8era s+ 8ie e" :%su-i ucis dec't R#&'%ia s+ 8ie c#&u%i*at+. A&( 8ire-te( :% ?edere( i%credi!i"a ?ict#rie 7e care a re7urtat.# :&7#tri?a 0re?ei ce"#r 6.000 de c#&u%i-ti :%ar&a$i di% curtea Ate"iere"#r C.E.R. Nic#"i%a di% Ia-i. Bict#rie 7ri% care a deNucat 7"a%u" i%?ad+rii :% ace" a% a R#&'%iei de c+tre tru7e a"e Ar&atei R#-ii. 60 "a 7+&'%t -i 7us su! c+"c'iu" t#ta"ei st+7'%iri Nid+%e-ti. Triu&8u" c#&u%is&u"ui c#i%cide cu ?isu" iudais&u"ui de a st+7'%i -i e=7"#ata 7#7#are"e cre-ti%e :% ?irtutea te#riei L7#7#ru"ui a"esM( care st+ "a !a*a re"i0iei Nid+%e-tiI4C. QTriu&8u" &i-c+rii c#&u%iste :% R#&'%ia( ar :%se&%a/ 9K;des8ii%$area Bisericii( des8ii%$area Ea&i"iei( des8ii%$area 7r#7riet+$ii i%di?idua"e -i des8ii%$area "i!ert+$ii. P%sea&%+( :%tr.u% cu?'%t de7#sedarea %#astr+ de ceea ce 8#r&ea*+ 7atri&#%iu" &#ra" a" #&e%irii -i :% ace"a-i ti&7 de7#sedarea de #rice !u%uri &ateria"e( :% 8a?#area 7r#8it#ri"#r di% u&!r+ ai c#&u%is&u"ui( care su%t Zida%iiI42. QIudais&u" a aNu%s "a st+7'%ire :% "u&e 7ri% &as#%erie -i :% Rusia 7ri% c#&u%is&48I41. 4C C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u( e%tru "e0i#%ari( ?#". I( Editura T#tu" 7e%tru Far+( Si!iu( 513C( 7a0. 320 42 C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u( C+rticica -e8u"ui de cui!. Ma%ua" a" G+r*ii de Eier( :% O!iecti? De0i#%ar( A% I( %r. 4( #ct#&!rie 2003( 7a0. 2C 48 P%s+( %#ta !e%e( %ici C#drea%u( %ici De0iu%ea( %u.i urau 7e E?rei. Nici ca 7ers#a%e i%di?idua"eK -i %ici ca 8ii%$+ ?ie c#"ecti?+ @ Nea&u" E?reiesc. Du7+ cu&( t#t ast8e"( %u urau %ici u% a"t Nea&. Ei( ca #rice #r0a%is& ?iu -i !i#"#0ic %#r&a"( caracteri*at adic+ 7ri% se%si!i"itate -i reacti?itate( se ridicau :&7#tri?a ace"#r ATITUDINI e?reie-ti 7e care "e c#%siderau ca d+u%+t#are dre7turi"#r "e0iti&e -i i%terese"#r ?ita"e a"e Nea&u"ui R#&'%esc. QN#ta!i" este 8a7tu" @ re"e?+ R#=a%a Si&i#%escu @ c+( s7re de#se!ire de ce"e"a"te #r0a%i*a$ii %a$i#%a"iste di% Eur#7a i%ter!e"ic+ 9cr#at+( !e"0ia%+( &a0hiar+( s"#?ac+;( Mi-carea De0i#%ar+ %u a 8#st i%cri&i%at+ de Tri!u%a"u" de "a N]re%!er0I.( R#=a%a Si&i#%escu( N#t+ i%tr#ducti?+ "a c#&7e%diu" D#ctri%a De0i#%ar+. re*e%tare c#%cis+( Editura Duc&a%( Bucure-ti( 2003( 7a0. 52 i %u a 8#st i%cri&i%at+ %u at't Qdat#rit+ :%chiderii "a AuschWit* a "e0i#%ari"#r care se re8u0iaser+ :% Ger&a%iaI9Nic#"ae Mitric+( E7is#ade di%tr. u% r+*!#i %edec"arat( 7artea a III.a( :% Re?ista Era%c&as#%eria. De*?+"uiri cutre&ur+t#are( %r. 2,2003( 7a0. 1;( ci( 7recu& 7reci*ea*+ I#% Bar"a&( &ai cu sea&+ Q7e%tru c+ De0iu%ea a a8ir&at c"ar :% d#ctri%a ei c+ #a&e%ii %u se de#se!esc 7ri% cu"#are sau s'%0e( deci %u 7utea 8i acu*at+ de rasis&. Era :&7#tri?a e?rei"#r ca re7re*e%t'%d # re"i0ie disti%ct+( cu # &#ra"+ 65 disti%ct+ -i cu # &e%ta"itate disti%ct+( deci u% c#r7 str+i% cu i%8"ue%$+ La"tera%t+M :% s'%u" c#&u%it+$ii %a$i#%a"e. P%s+ "e0i#%arii %u s.au "e0at de ei 7e c#%sidere%te rasia"e( s7u%'%d c+ su%t 0e%etic i%8eri#ri -i a-a &ai de7arteI.( I#% Bar"a&( C#%s7irarea dec#%s7ir+rii( 7a0. 333 Edi8icat#r :% acest se%s este c+ Q"a C#%0resu" NSDA 9 artidu" Na$i#%a" S#cia"ist a" Mu%cit#ri"#r di% Ger&a%ia; di% 51369K; c#%duc+t#ru" de"e0a$iei r#&'%e a 8#st I#% M#$a( care a?ea u% d#ct#rat :% 8i"#s#8ie( "uat de a"t8e" :% Ger&a%ia. ri?it#r "a te*e"e rasia"e( des7re care s.a ?#r!it &u"t "a aceast+ reu%iu%e( M#$a a r+s7u%s( de "a tri!u%+( cu )it"er de 8a$+ -i ?#r!i%d cu 7at#s 9ceea ce ".a :%8uriat 8#arte tare 7e ca%ce"aru" 0er&a%( care a cerut s+ %u &ai 8ie %ici#dat+ i%?itat :% Ger&a%ia;( s7u%'%d9K;/ LRasis&u" este 8#r&a cea &ai ?u"0ar+ de &ateria"is&. Oa&e%ii %u se de#se!esc 7ri% car%e( s'%0e sau cu"#area 7ie"ii. Ei se de#se!esc 7ri% s7irit( adic+ 7ri% crea$ia( cu"tura -i re"i0ia "#rM. Aceast+ idee( care a 8#st re"e?at+ :% &u"te di% artic#"e"e "ui M#$a( %u a :%"es%it c#e=iste%$a di%tre "e0i#%ari -i %a*i-ti. De aceea e=ist+ s7ecu"a$ii c+ I#% M#$a ar 8i 8#st "ichidat...I9i!ide&( 7a0. 33C( 332; Cu %i&ic &ai 7reN#s ca ?a"#are re?e"at#rie/ Q #?estea cu cada?re"e e?reie-ti a0+$ate :% c'r"i0e "a A!at#rI.9R+*?a% C#drescu( P% c+utarea De0iu%ii 7ierdute( 7a0. 56; Des7re ea( R+*?a% C#drescu de*?+"uie/ QE=ist+ # de*&i%$ire se&%at+ de &ai t#t 7ers#%a"u" de atu%ci a" A!at#ru"ui di% Bucure-ti( e=7ediat+ *iare"#r U%i?ersu" -i Dre7tatea( dar a c+rei 7u!"icare a 8#st

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i%ter*is+ de ce%*ura a%t#%escia%+. r#8. dr. Radu I8ti&#?ici a "+&urit "ucruri"e cu c"aritate( cu citate( &+rturii -i 8#t#c#7ii( :% E=7res Ma0a*i% %r.82( 26 &artie 5112( su! tit"u" S7u"!erarea u%ei "e0e%de. r#0r#&u" de "a A!at#r 9&ateria" a7+rut -i su! 8#r&+ de !r#-ur+;. E=ist+ :% acest se%s -i # &+rturie 9&+rturisire %.%.; 8+cut+ :% :%chis#are de etre a%drea 9atestat+ de etre Fu$ea( Du&itru Eu%da -i Si&i#% Ghi%ea;( care a9K; cercetat 8a7tu" "a 8a$a "#cu"ui( di% *e" a%ti"e0i#%ar 9L e atu%ci era& @ #!i-%uia e" s+ s7u%+ @ u% t#?ar+- de dru& i&!eci"M a" c#&u%i-ti"#r;. Este i%uti" s+ ad+u0+& c+ %ici#dat+ %u s.a ?#r!it des7re ide%titatea ?icti&e"#r res7ecti?e( %ici des7re ce s.a :%t'&7"at cu e"e 9cu cada?re"e %.%.;...9K; Eu0e% Cristescu :%su-i i.a9K; &+rturisit "ui etre a%drea c#%tra8acerea di% !ir#uri"e Si0ura%$ei a 8#t#0ra8iei cu cada?re"e de "a A!at#rI. 9i!ide&( 7a0. 56( 5C; Be*i( de ase&e%ea( Radu The#d#ru( A 8#st sau %u )ODOCAUST<( Editura Duc&a%( Bucure-ti( 2003 @ Ca7it#"u" Re!e"iu%ea De0i#%ar+. Mi%ciu%a 62 C't de de*ira!i"i &ai 7uteau 8i e" @ C#drea%u @ -i( i&7"icit( Mi-carea De0i#%ar+( 7uter%ici"#r "u&ii< C#&u%i-ti( &as#%i( %u i&7#rt+. A7r#7#( :% "e0+tur+ cu e?e%tua"itatea 7#si!i"it+$ii de a i se 7er&ite cre-ti%is&u"ui e=iste%$a :% Mas#%erie( 0+se-ti :% "ucrarea Ordi%u" Mas#%ic R#&'% 7reci*area/ . Qa7ri"ie 5121/ 0r. 30( Octa?ia% G#0a &i"itea*+ 7e%tru 8#%darea B"#cu"ui cre-ti% 8ra%c&as#%ic. . Ld. Octa?ia% G#0a( care de-i este &as#%( ha!ar %.are de r#stu" 8ra%c&as#%eriei( c+ci -i.a 7er&is s+ ?#r!easc+ :% "#N+ des7re cre-ti%is& @ 0re-ea"+ ce &as#%ii %u :i ?#r ierta %ici#dat+. DR#&%u"S G#0a a &ers a-a de de7arte cu %ai?itatea sa( :%c't a 7r#7us ca D#Na Na$i#%a"+ s+ se %u&easc+ D#Na Cre-ti%. Na$i#%a"+.M9B.Tri8u( 5132;I60. Iar Nichi8#r Crai%ic( :% Ort#d#=is& -i Mas#%erie( e=7ri&'%du.se asu7ra &#ti?u"ui 7re*e%$ei Bi!"iei ca #!iect ritua"ic :% a%u&ite "#Ni( c#&e%tea*+/ QEra%c&as#%ii r#&'%i de rit sc#$ia%9K; *ic/ LN#i %u su%te& :&7#tri?a #rt#d#=iei cu& su%t cei de "a Mare"e Orie%t. N#i ad&ite& Bi!"ia. N#i Nur+& 7e Bi!"ieM. Ce e ade?+rat di% t#ate astea< Mas#%eria( 8ie sc#$ia%+( 8ie cea"a"t+( e u% 8e" de re"i0ie dea%d#ase"ea. Ea are te&7"e( u% cu"t #r0a%i*at cu di8erite ritua"uri -i # serie de #!iecte si&!#"ice. P%tre aceste #!iecte si&!#"ice( &as#%eria sc#$ia%+ ad&ite -i Bi!"ia. Ce :%sea&%+

7r#0r#&u"ui de "a Bucure-ti. S8ru%tata &i%ciu%+ a cada?re"#r de "a A!at#r( 7a0. 518.252. 41 ide&( e%tru "e0i#%ari( 7a0. 23 60 )#ria Nest#rescu B+"ce-ti( Ordi%u" Mas#%ic R#&'%( 7a0. 344 63 aceasta< C+ &as#%eria ad&ite d#ctri%a cu7ri%s+ :% Bi!"ie< P% ca*u" acesta ea %.ar 8i dec't # sect+ re"i0i#as+ ca &u"te secte %+scute di% cre-ti%is&. Dar %u\ Bi!"ia :% &as#%is& are cu t#tu" a"t+ se&%i8ica$ie. S+ c#%su"t+& cartea d#&%u"ui Eu0e% Da%%h#88. LBi!"ia( ra7#rt#ru" -i c#&7asu"M @ *ice d'%su" @ Lsu%t ce"e trei &ari "u&i%i a"e &as#%erieiM. LBi!"ia( "u&i%a de deasu7ra %#astr+( NU CA AUTORITATE DOGMATIC( ci ca e=7resie a credi%$ei :%tr.# #rdi%e &#ra"+ u%i?ersa"+\M Adic+ u% si&7"u si&!#"( ca ra7#rt#ru"( L"u&i%a di% %#iM -i ca c#&7asu"( L"u&i%a di% Nuru" %#struM. ri% ur&are( :% &as#%erie Bi!"ia N#ac+ u% r#" de si&!#" e=act ca #ricare a"t #!iect( de 7i"d+ c#&7asu" -i ra7#rt#ru". P% "#cu" ei ar 7utea -i # strachi%+ s+ :%se&%e ace"a- si&!#"( 8ii%dc+ se%su" si&!#"ic %u se "ea0+ de aut#ritatea d#0&atic+ a Bi!"iei\ Dar ce &ai :%sea&%+ Bi!"ia dac+ # des7#i de aut#ritatea d#0&atic+ a d#ctri%ei re?e"ate< Nu e ?#r!a aici de # su7re&+ !atN#cur+ ce se aduce di?i%ei c+r$i( reduc'%d.# "a se%su" 7e care :" 7#t a?ea u% -#r$( # &istrie( sau u% c#&7as<I9Nichi8#r Crai%ic( Ort#d#=is& -i Mas#%erie( :% I#a% M. Mare-( Era%c&as#%eria :% 8i"&u" LEcateri%a Te#d#r#iuM( 5133( 7a0. 64( 66; C't des7re aut#7re*e%tarea ca deiste a u%#ra di%tre "#Ni( ace"a-i Nichi8#r Crai%ic( %#tea*+/ QNu e=ist+ # se7ara$ie :%tre ce"e d#u+ &as#%erii/ cea sc#$ia%+ -i cea a Mare"ui Orie%t. E"e "ucrea*+ &'%+ :% &'%+. Nu&ai c+ cea sc#$ia%+ se &+rturise-te deist+. Aceasta %u :%sea&%+ :% %ici u% ca* c+ ad&ite cre-ti%is&u". Deis&u" e # c#%ce7$ie 8i"#s#8ic+ ce ad&ite "a #ri0i%ea "u&ii u% 7ri%ci7iu a!stract( creat#r -i i&7ers#%a"( cu care :%s+ "u&ea %u &ai are %i&ic dea8ace. P% 8#%d( aceast+ :%?+$+tur+ %u este dec't # %ua%$+ a ateis&u"ui( u% 64 ateis& ca&u8"at. E#r&u"a si&!#"ic+ di% ritu" sc#$ia% L:% %u&e"e &are"ui arhitect a" tutur#r "u&i"#rM( du7+ :%s+-i i%ter7retarea 7e care # d+ d. Eu0e% Da%%h#88( %u :%sea&%+ # 8#r&u"+ de credi%$+ :%tr.u% du&%e*eu 7ers#%a". Ea e &e%$i%ut+ ca # e=7resie 7ur si&!#"ic+ 7e%tru a :&7+ca 7e cei cari ?i% :% &as#%erie cu c#%?i%0eri"e re"i0i#ase a"e BisericiiI.(

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i!ide&( 7a0. 64 QT#ate a8ir&a$ii"e &e"e au u% caracter #!iecti?. E"e se :%te&eia*+ 7e # carte &#%u&e%ta"+ Die Erei&aurer de d. Eu0e% Da%%h#88( &as#% c#%?i%s( a7+rut+ :% 5121 "a Bie%a. Cartea &i.a 8#st d+ruit+ de disti%su" &eu 7riete% dr. )ei%rich Studer( 7r#7rietaru" editurii A&a"theea( u%de a a7+rut "ucrarea. Die Erei&aurer( adic+ Era%c&as#%ii( e # carte de e=7u%ere -i a7+rare a i%stitu$iei #cu"te a"c+tuit+ du7+ d#cu&e%te ce i s.au 7us "a dis7#*i$ie aut#ru"ui de "#Ni"e &as#%ice. ri% ur&are( # carte i%c#%testa!i" &as#%ic+I.( i!ide&( 7a0. 63 P% 5132 C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u 8ace :% &ass. &edia( 7recu& !i%e se -tie( Qdec"ara$ia65 c+ :% ca* de ?e%ire "a 0u?er%( :% 48 de #re9K; ?a c#&7"eta a"ia%$a tradi$i#%a"+ cu Era%$a 7ri% a"ia%$+ e8icace cu Ger&a%ia62I63. 65 P% ur&a c+reia( Q"a 22 &ai 5138 Tri!u%a"u" Mi"itar Bucure-ti e=ecut'%d #rdi%u" dictat#ru"ui Car#" a" II."ea ".a c#%da&%at9K; "a 50 a%i :%chis#are 7e%tru Ltr+dareMI.( er!a% Mi"c#?ea%u( Ate%tatu" di% 25 se7te&!rie 5131 c#%tra "ui Ar&a%d C+"i%escu -i e7#ca 5130.5160( Editura TCM ri%t( Bucure-ti( 2004( 7a0. 558 62 A"ia%$+ 0ra$ie c+reia( dac+ s.ar 8i.%cheiat( QGer&a%ia/ a; 7utea :%ce7e r+*!#iu" a%tis#?ietic :%ai%te de :%ar&area R&asi?+ aS U.R.S.S.. u"ui :%ce7ut+ :% 5131.5140 -i !; %u a?ea :% %ici u% 8e" %e?#ie de r+*!#iu" i%uti" -i 8ratricid cu Era%$a -i A%0"iaI.9i!ide&( 7a0. 551; Aceasta de#arece Qcu "a%$u" &u%$i"#r Car7a$i -i cu 7etr#"u" di% Ba"ea rah#?ei R#&'%ia este cheia c#%ti%e%tu"ui Eur#7aI.( i!ide& 63 i!ide&( 7a0. 558 66 Dar( Q"a :%tre?ederea de "a Berchtes0ade%( di% 24 %#ie&!rie 5138( Ad#"8 )it"er %.a s7us %ici u% cu?'%t :% "e0+tur+ cu C#r%e"iu Z. C#drea%u -i cu 7r#iectu" u%a%i& -tiut :% Eur#7a a" asasi%+rii "ui :% :%chis#are. Ea$+ de aceast+ a!$i%ere( re0e"e Car#" a" II."ea a :%$e"es 7#si!i"itatea u%ui ase%ti&e%t -i a :%tre!at/ LAceasta :%sea&%+ :% 7#"itica i%ter%+ c+ a& &'%+ "i!er+<MI64 QMare"e E]hrer Ad#"8 )it"er a r+s7u%s/ LDa( :% 7#"itica i%ter%+ a?e$i &'%+ "i!er+M. i.au str'%s &'i%i"eI66. i( &ai de7arte( Q:% %#a7tea de 25,22 I 5145 Ad#"8 )it"er chea&+ "a te"e8#% 7e I#% A%t#%escu/ L e%tru ce te. ai #7rit< I%tr+ cu ta%curi"e :% sedii"e "#r -i s?'r"e.i a8ar+MI6C. Iar c'%d asu7ra "e0i#%ari"#r care Qdu7+ a-a.*isa re!e"iu%e "e0i#%ar+ se re8u0ia*+ :% Ger&a%ia( :% 8e!ruarie 5145( 9K;:% "#c s+ "i se asi0ure "i!ertatea -i i&u%itatea9K; s.a ac$i#%at cu &+suri de c#%str'%0ereI62/ Qaut#rit+$i"e %a*iste 8+ceau a7"icarea d#ctri%ei 7#"itice a "ui A"8red R#se%!er0( care 7rec#%i*a s"+!irea -i chiar %i&icirea e"ite"#r %a$i#%a"iste di% $+ri"e #cu7ate sau a"iate9K;I68. Dar 7uterea c#&u%ist+ %u t#t distru0erea ace"#ra-i e"ite # ?i*a<... Iat+ ce scrie %e0ru 7e a"! :% 7r#cesu".?er!a" a" c#%8eri%$ei ce a a?ut "#c "a Mi%isteru" A8aceri"#r I%ter%e( di% R#&'%ia( "a 58 &ai 5148( re8erit#are "a 7#*i$ia 8a$+ de Mi-carea De0i#%ar+/ Qedi%$a este deschis+ de d#&%u" &i%istru Te#hari Ge#r0escu( care e=7u%e L #*i$ia 8a$+ de 64 i!ide& 66 i!ide& 6C er!a% Mi"c#?ea%u( C#r%e"iu Z. C#drea%u a"tce?a dec't )#ria Si&a( ?#".II( Editura Crater( Bucure-ti( 511C( 7a0. 21 62 Car#" a7a%ace( re8a$+ "a ?#"u&u" C#%sta%ti% a7a%ace Di?erse sti"uri de "u7t+ 7#"itic+( Ti7#0ra8ia INECON S.A.( C#%sta%$a( 2006( 7a0. 1 68 i!ide& 6C &i-carea "e0i#%ar+M. D#&%u" &i%istru a ar+tat c+ du7+ C &artie 5146 :% 8a$a %#astr+ s.a 7us 7r#!"e&a de a :%8r'%0e 7e t#$i du-&a%ii 7#7#ru"ui. De0i#%arii au 8#st( su%t -i ?#r 8i 7ri%tre cei &ai 7ri&eNdi#-i di%tre du-&a%iI61. Dar ce" &ai dur di%tre re0i&uri"e dete%$iei 7#"itice 7#st V46( ce" de dis#"u$ie a 7ers#%a"it+$ii 7ri% t#rtur+ 7er&a%e%t+( 7e care de$i%u$ii erau 8#r$a$i s+ -i.# a7"ice RECI ROC( asu7ra cui a 8#st uti"i*atC0<C5...

61 5148 &ai 58. r#ces.?er!a" a" c#%8eri%$ei ce a a?ut "#c "a Mi%isteru" A8aceri"#r I%ter%e re8erit#are "a &i-carea "e0i#%ar+( Arhi?a C#%si"iu"ui Na$i#%a" 7e%tru Studierea Arhi?e"#r Securit+$ii( 8#%d d#cu&e%tar( d#sar %r. 46( 8.5.4 @ :% ?#"u&u"/ C#%si"iu" Na$i#%a" 7e%tru Studierea Arhi?e"#r Securit+$ii( IBa%de( !a%di$i -i er#iI. Gru7uri"e de re*iste%$+ -i Securitatea 95148.

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51C8;. D#cu&e%te( Editura E%cic"#7edic+( Bucure-ti( 2003( 7a0. 43 C0 i ci%e ".a diriNat< MaYare%Y#( s7ecia"istu" s#?ietic :% 7racticarea ce"#r &ai dia!#"ice teh%ici de t#rturare( di% #rdi%u" cui su7er?i*a -i :%dru&a( :% R#&'%ia( cu &a=i&+ &i%u$i#*itate( 7re7arati?e"e dec"a%-+rii L&#r!u"ui ite-tiM< Be*i 7e "ar0 Reeducarea 7ri% t#rtur+ 9de%u&irea e=act+/ Ghe#r0he B#"dur D+$escu -i Ei"i7.Ducia% I#r0a( Ge%#cidu" c#&u%ist :% R#&'%ia( ?#". IB( Reeducarea 7ri% t#rtur+( Editura A"!atr#s( Bucure-ti( 2003;. A%a auYer 9Q)a%a Ra!i%s#h%I9Te-u S#"#&#?ici( Securitatea -i E?reii( ?#". II Ter#are. Cri&e. Tur%+t#ri. C#"a!#ra$i#%i-ti( Editura Te-u( Bucure-ti( 2004( 7a0. 55;; ce #ri0i%e et%ic+ a?ea< QDe "a Tatia%a auYer.Br+tescu( 8iica A%ei auYer -i a "ui Marce" auYer( 7r#?i%e # %#t+ !i#0ra8ic+ e=act+I9i!ide&( 7a0. 52;. E=tra0 di% ea/ QLDa u%u" di%tre 8ra$i( Za"&a% Ra!i%s#h%( a $i%ut e%#r&K acesta( de a"t8e"( a?ea s+ re?i%+ :% R#&'%ia di% Israe"( u%de 7"ecase :%ai%te de 23 au0ust 5144( a 8#st 7r#8es#r de e!raic+ -i 7#etMI9i!ide&;K QLa 8+cut -c#a"a e"e&e%tar+ -i( du7+ cu& a& a8"at di% 7#?estiri"e Be""ei( &+tu-a &ea( a 8#st -i "a )eider( -c#a"a re"i0i#as+ 7e%tru !+ie$i( "a Bucure-ti( u%de( 7ri%tr.# e=ce7$ie a 8#st -i ea ad&is+I.( i!ide& 62 i( t#t#dat+( %ici %u ?+d cu& ar 8i 7utut "e0i#%arii s+ ai!e i%teres de.a" su7ri&a 7e Nic#"ae I#r0a. Adic+ 7e ce" care( de "a tri!u%a ar"a&e%tu"ui( :% -edi%$+ 7u!"ic+ a Ca&erei De7uta$i"#r( :i acu*a( cu ar0u&e%te( 7e E?rei de Qte%tati?+ de asasi%at care se 8ace :&7#tri?a %#astr+ ca %a$iu%e d#&i%a%t+( de c+tre acei cari :&!rac+ 8#r&e"e ce"e &ai ?u"7i%e ca s+.-i arate d#ri%$a de a 8i !u%ii %#-tri 8ra$iIC2. i care( de "a aceea-i tri!u%+( di*erta des7re( Qacea 8ireasc+ "e0+tur+( 9K;:%tre a0ita$ia s#cia"ist+ -i te%di%$a e?reiasc+ de a a?ea "a %#i &ai &u"t dec't t#at+ a?erea %#astr+( dec't t#t creditu" %#stru( dec't t#at+ :%r'urirea asu7ra ?ie$ii %#astre 7#"iticeIC3. Dar A"e=a%dru Nic#"schi< Be*i sec$iu%ea A"e=a%dru Nic#"schi( sau cu& de?i%e u% e?reu 0e%era" de securitate @ a" trei"ea ca7it#" di% Te-u S#"#&#?ici( Securitatea -i E?reii( ?#".I( Des7re c+"+i -i des7re ?icti&e( re8a$+ de R+*?a% The#d#rescu( Cu?'%t :%ai%te de S#ri% R#-ca St+%escu( Editura Ziua( Bucure-ti( 2003( 7a0. 526.53C. i a8"+.i( chiar di% 7r#7rii"e.i cu?i%te( 7#?estea %u&e"ui/ QLI%i$ia"( %u&e"e &eu a 8#st B#ris Gru%!er0( dar :% &ai 5145 a& 7"ecat di% URSS cu # &isiu%e :% R#&'%ia( c'%d a& 8#st 7ri%s -i ca s+.&i 7#t ascu%de trecutu" -i &isiu%ea &i.a& schi&!at %u&e"e :% Nic#"schi A"e=a%dru Ser0hee?iciK su! acest %u&e a& 8#st cercetat de Or0a%e"e Bir#u"ui II Bucure-ti -i su! acest %u&e &+ rec#&a%d 7'%+ ast+*iMI.( A"e=a%dru Nic#"schi( Aut#!i#0ra8ie.si%te*+( :% Te-u S#"#&#?ici( Securitatea -i E?reii( ?#".I( Des7re c+"+i -i des7re ?icti&e( 7a0. 522 C5 Studiu" Ghe#r0he B#"dur D+$escu -i Ei"i7.Ducia% I#r0a( Ge%#cidu" c#&u%ist :% R#&'%ia( ?#". IB( Reeducarea 7ri% t#rtur+( Editura A"!atr#s( Bucure-ti( 2003( sau artic#"u" I#%u$ B+ia-( Ci%e -i de ce c#%duce R#&'%ia( Re?ista er&a%e%$e( A%u" BIII( %r. 8( au0ust 2006( 7a0. 20 @ ca s+ iau d#ar d#u+ e=e&7"e @ su%t e=tre& de e"#c?e%te :% acest se%s. C2 Nic#"ae I#r0a( P% Chestia &a%i8esta$ii"#r stude%$e-ti( Discurs r#stit :% -edi%$a di% 52 dece&!rie 5101 a Ca&erei De7uta$i"#r( :% Nic#"ae I#r0a( Discursuri ar"a&e%tare( ?#". I.iu( 7artea I.a( Editura Buc#?i%a( I.E. T#r#u$iu( Bucure-ti( 5131( 7a0. 3C2( RD. .?.I.7.IS C3 Nic#"ae I#r0a( Chestia a0ita$ii"#r e?reie-ti( Discurs r#stit :% -edi%$a di% 55 8e!ruarie 5150 a Ca&erei De7uta$i"#r( :% RD. .?.I.7.IS( 7a0. 312 68 #t :%s+ crede c+( dac+ E?reii aNu%seser+ st+7'%ii Statu"ui s#?ietic( iar N.[.D.B..u" 9[.G.B..u"; este Or0a% de Stat( te*a 7#tri?it c+reia Traia% B#ieru 9-e8u" asasi%i"#r 8i*ici ai &are"ui sa?a%t R#&'%; era( de 8a7t( a0e%t s#?ietic( i%8i"trat :% Mi-care ca &e&!ru cu sc#7u" de a # c#&7r#&ite( %u $i%e de"#c de d#&e%iu" 8a%te*iei.

A& a&i%tit u%de?a c+ "e0i#%aris&u"( ca dea"t8e" #rice este #&e%esc( %u are cu& s+ 8ie sus7us 7+catu"ui. Are( 8ire-te( ?irtua"ier cu7ri%s+ :% :%s+-i 8ii%$a sa i%tri%sec+( 7#si!i"itatea de a 7+c+tui. P$i &+rturisesc c+( &+ 8r+&'%t+ -i &+ c#%traria*+ u% te=t( des7re Q7#"iticia%ii r#&'%i cari( !i%e 7"+ti$i( 7reti%d c+ %u e=ist+ 7r#!"e&+ Nid+%easc+IC4( dar su! 7r#tec$ia c+r#ra( c#&ercia%$ii E?rei i.au rui%at( :% su&ede%ie de *#%e a"e $+rii( 7e cei R#&'%iC6. Este :%credi%$at h'rtiei de :%su-i C#drea%u. P% e%tru De0i#%ari. Da 7a0i%a 16.

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Nu ".a& 0+sit( eu u%u" ce" 7u$i%( c#&e%tat de a!s#"ut %i&e%i. Di% %ici # ta!+r+ sau #riu%de a"tu%de?a. Iat+."/ QAcest#r 7#"iticia%i( a c+r#r tr+dare 8a$+ de %ea& este a-a de :%0r#*it#are( dac+ su%t ?ii( %ea&u" ?a tre!ui s+ "e sc#at+ #chiiK dac+ su%t &#r$i( ?a tre!ui s+.i sc#at+ di% &#r&i%te -i s+ "e dea 8#c ci#"a%e"#r( :% 7ie$e"e 7u!"ice. e c#7iii -i %e7#$ii "#r( %ea&u" ?a tre!ui s+.i ur&+reasc+ :% a?eri( c#%8isc'%du."e -i s+.i sti0&ati*e*e cu e7itetu" de Lc#7ii de tr+d+t#riMICC.

C4 C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u( e%tru "e0i#%ari( 7a0. 16 C6 i!ide& CC CORNEDIU ZEDEA CODREANU( ENTRU DEGIONARI( AG. 16/ E=e&7"ar edi$ia 513C. D+ruit de C#drea%u "ui Ar#% C#tru-. Cu dedica$ie. Scris+ de &'%+ -i se&%at+. De :%su-i e"( C+7ita%u". e c#7erta i%teri#ar+. B#"u& 61 D.a& citit -i r+scitit. Este si%0uru" de acest 8e" 7e care ".a& :%t'"%it :% :%trea0a #7er+ a ace"ui %r. 5 "e0i#%ar a c+rui "e0iti&itate de e8 a" De0iu%ii %u a 8#st de a!s#"ut %i&e%i( ?re#dat+( 7us+ "a :%d#ia"+. Ce s+ :%$e"e0 di% e"< Se a8"+( "ucru Lde "a -a7te 7#-teM ?i*i!i"( :% c#%tradic$ie 8"a0ra%t+ cu :%s+-i ese%$a s7iritu"ui scrieri"#r C+7ita%u"ui @ iu!irea cre-ti%+. i este 8#r&u"at at't de 8+r+ echi?#c( :%c't e=c"ud cu t#tu" e?e%tua"itatea c+ ar 7utea 8i # &eta8#r+( a" c+rei &esaN ade?+rat e a"tu" dec't ce" ce se de0aN+ di% citirea "itera"+. Pi de8i%e-te 7ers#%a"itatea "ui C#drea%u< Sau %u< C+ci( dac+ da( t#t restu" #7erei cade. Cu a!s#"ut t#ate c#%seci%$e"e ce.ar decur0e de.aici. A-adar &i*a.i e%#r&+. Eire-te( e8icie%$a de&ersu"ui de d#!'%dire a u%ei c't &ai c#recte :%$e"e0eri -i a u%ei c't &ai 7erti%e%te i%ter7ret+ri a 0'%duri"#r -i,sau ac$iu%i"#r cui?a este c#%di$i#%at+ de &+sura :% care "e 7erce7i 8ide" c#re"area cu circu&sta%$e"e :% care e"e s.au i?it. E 7rea e"e&e%tar c+( :% situa$ii dra&atice( de e=tra#rdi%ar 7eric#" -i durere 7e%tru e"( #rice #& 7#ate ceda %er?#s( &+car 7e%tru # c"i7+( -i ca e8ect( 0'%di sau 8ace( ce?a c#&7"et #7us ade?+ratu"ui 8#%d a" 7ers#%a"it+$ii sa"e. ri% ur&are( ace" 0'%d sau 8a7t+ %u." de8i%e-te.

a8"at :% Bi!"i#teca de D#cu&e%tare a Mi-c+rii De0i#%are 9di% Bucure-ti( str. Iac#! Ne0ru**i %r. 5;. C0 Dar( "a 8e" de e"e&e%tar este c+( de ase&e%ea( :% situa$ii "i&it+( se&e%u" care "e tra?ersea*+( :%tr.u% &#&e%t de s"+!ire a aut#ce%*urii se 7#ate de&asca 7ri% reac$ia sa. P% acest ca* 8a7ta sau 0'%du" de*?+"ui%du." e=act a-a cu& este de 8a7t. E de 7ris#s s+ deta"ie* 0r#a*%ice"e 7resiu%i care." a7+sau 7e C#drea%u :% 513C. Ci%e este a-adar e"< Ce" a" 7asaNu"ui< Ori ce" a" #7erei< Nu &+ 0r+!esc s+ dau ?erdict. e%tru c+ su%t c#%?i%s c+ d#ar e" si%0ur -i ".ar 8i 7utut da. ri% 7r#7ria.i 8+7tuire. Dac+ ar &ai 8i 8#st "+sat s+ r+&'%+ 7e "u&e. i( &ai cu sea&+( dac+ 7re"ua c'r&a R#&'%iei. P%trea0a ist#rie st+ &+rturie/ :% &aterie de re?e"are a 7ers#%a"it+$ii( si%0uru" test 8+r+ de 0re- este ce 8aci c'%d de$ii 7uterea -i te si&$i si0ur 7e ea. P%s+( aceea-i :%trea0+ ist#rie( &ai d+ &+rturie :%tru ce?a. De 7er&a%e%t+ -i de"#c %e0"iNa!i"+ i&7#rta%$+/ i&7#%dera!i"u". C#e8icie%tu" ei de i&7re?i*i!i"itate. De 7#si!i"itate ca 8iru" des8+-ur+rii e8ecti?e a e?e%i&e%te"#r ?iit#are s+ i%8ir&e chiar ce"e &ai d#cu&e%tat c#%struite sce%arii. i asta ca e8ect a" i?irii decisi?e a ci%e.-tie c+rui e"e&e%t.sur7ri*+. P% s7e$+( ca"cu"e* i%c"usi? cu i7#te*a c+ "e0i#%arii 7reiau( "a u% &#&e%t dat( c'r&a R#&'%ieiC2. C+ :i :%r'ure-te "e0i#%aris&u" aute%tic -i( 7ri% ur&are( 0'%du" -i C2 i %u %ea7+rat :% chi7 de re0i& a!s#"utist. Ci ca 8#r&a$iu%e care( 8+r+ a "e*a c'tu-i de 7u$i% de&#cra$ia( 7recu&7+%e-te 7#"itic %et :% stat( :% ca"itate de si%0ur+ c'-ti0+t#are deta-at+ a cursei e"ect#ra"e. T#t#dat+( :%su-i c#%te=tu" eur#7ea% "e este 8a?#ra!i" 7e de7"i%.

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C5 8a7ta "i.s :% c#%ti%uitate #r0a%ic+ 8a$+ de &atricea s7iritua"+ C#drea%u. Tra%s7u% ei :% 7ractic+ teri!i"u" citat< De*"e0area.%tre!+rii %ecesit+( 8+r+ d#ar -i 7#ate( re8#r&u"area ei ast8e"/ A8"at( de ase&e%ea 7ri% i7#te*+( :%tr.# situa$ie si&i"ar+ cu a "#r( CODREANU ".ar 8i tra%s7us< Tre!uie dar+( 7ri% c#r#!#rarea re7ere"#r de care dis7u%( s+.&i dau si"i%$a des"u-irii. A 8#r&u"+rii u%ei #7i%ii. Cu care si&t c+ :$i su%t dat#r. C#%sider( 7recu& :$i &+rturisea& u% 7ic &ai de?re&e( c+ citatu" %u are( a!s#"ut de"#c( caracter &eta8#ric. Aceasta s7re de#se!ire de u% a"t 7ara0ra8( de a7r#=i&ati? aceea-i 8actur+ ca &ateria" de ?#r!e :% ce 7ri?e-te 7artea 7u%iti?+/ QGe&e i%i&a :% %#i de durere. Ne :%tre!+&( %#i c#7ii( s8'-ia$i su8"ete-te( cu& de s.au 0+sit R#&'%i care s+ se 7#arte cu at'ta ?r+N&+-ie 8a$+ de %ea&u" "#r< cu& de s. au 0+sit a-a de &u"$i tr+d+t#ri< Cu& de %.au 8#st 7u-i "a *id cu t#$ii sau ar-i de ?ii :% c"i7a tr+d+rii "#r<IC8 Aici( L7u-i "a *idM 7#ate :%se&%a de&asca$i -i destitui$i di% 8u%c$ii"e cheie 7e care "e de$i%K Lar-i de ?iiM 7#ate :%se&%a tr+*%i$i 8i*ic ca 7edea7s+ a7"icat+ "#r direct de c+tre Du&%e*eu 9&ai cu sea&+ c+ 7e%tru aceast+ i%ter7retare 7"edea*+ circu&sta%$ierea L:% c"i7a tr+d+rii "#rM( adic+ Li%sta%ta%euM( ?ite*+ ce de7+-e-te :% &#d a!s#"ut( 7e%tru s7e$+( 7#si!i"it+$i"e %u %u&ai a"e %a$iu%ii %#astre( dar chiar -i 7e ce"e #&e%e-ti;. De ase&e%ea( 7ri?esc te=tu" :% cau*+ 8+r+ a." dec#%ecta %ici de ce"e"a"te scrieri a"e C+7ita%u"ui( %u %u&ai de e%tru "e0i#%ari. C8 C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u( e%tru "e0i#%ari( 7a0. 16 C2 C#%cret( %u 8ac a!strac$ie de C+rticica -e8u"ui de cui! @ u%ctu" 84/ Q UNCTUD 84. ri&u" 7u%ct de 7r#0ra& "e0i#%ar. Dac+ ?+ ?a :%tre!a ci%e?a s+.i s7u%e$i c+ este/ ZURMHNTUD ENTRU EDE SIRE. A d#ua *i du7+ ?ict#ria "e0i#%ar+ se ?a c#%stitui TRIBUNADUD EACE FIONAD( care ?a che&a :% 8a$a "ui -i ?a Nudeca 7e%tru tr+dare de atrie/ a; e t#$i Ne8uit#rii !a%u"ui 7u!"icK !; e t#$i cei ce au 7ri&it &it+ :%"es%i%d a8aceriK c; e t#$i cei ce c+"c'%d "e0i"e 8u%da&e%ta"e a"e $+rii( au 7ersecutat( au :%chis( au "#?it :% "e0i#%ari sau :% 8a&i"ii"e "#r. Orice 8u%c$iu%e ar de$i%e( de "a Na%dar& 7'%+ "a &i%istru( %i&e%i %u ?a sc+7a acestei Nudec+$i. rea -i.au i&a0i%at ace-ti d#&%i c+ Fara R#&'%easc+ este &#-ia "#r( c+ "e0i"e s.au 8+cut 7e%tru ca s+ "e ca"ce ei :% 7ici#are -i c+ %#i su%te& ar0a$ii de 7e aceast+ &#-ie( 7e care s+ %e !at+ "a s7ate cu !iciu". Na$iu%ea r#&'%+( c#%-tie%t+ de dre7turi"e ei ?a :%ce7e ?ia$a cea %#u+ 7ri% O ERA DE EDE SIRE DEGAD. Acest ceas :" a-te7t+& -i :" r+!d+&. E+r+ acest CEAS AD EDE SIRII( %u este 7#si!i"+ %ici # re8acere :% aceast+ $ar+. e8ii de cui!uri ?#r 8ace ra7#arte a&+%u%$ite -i 8#arte e=acte asu7ra tutur#r %e"e0iuiri"#r c#&ise( :%ai%t'%du."e e8u"ui De0iu%iiIC1.

C1 C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u( C+rticica -e8u"ui de cui!. Ma%ua" a" G+r*ii de Eier( :% RO.D.4S( 7a0. 36 C3 O7i%e* c+( aici %u &ai e ?#r!a de # 7ede7sire si&u"ta%+ cu c#&iterea cri&e"#r( -i %ici a7"icat+ direct de c+tre Di?i%itate( ci de cu t#tu" a"tce?a... Da( :&i ?ei r+s7u%de tu/ de cu t#tu" a"tce?a. i ?ei c#%ti%ua/ Ar 8i 8+cut "e0i#%arii Nusti$ie 7+&'%tesc+ :% cadru "e0a" @ 8ie chiar ser?i%du.se de # "e0is"a$ie 7e care( de$i%'%d 7uterea( -i. ar 8i 7utut.# "es%e &#de"a 7#tri?it ?rerii "#r. P%s+ de u%de -i 7'%+ u%de( te=tu" 7re*e%tat( su0erea*+ &+car c+ 7#si!i"a &#de"are( dac+ se 7r#ducea( ar 8i i%c"us "e0i8erarea 7ede7sei cu i%8ir&itatea 7e ?ia$+ 9sc#aterea #chi"#r;< Ori 7e cea cu 7r#8a%area :% 7u!"ic a r+&+-i$e"#r 7+&'%te-ti 9arderea :% 7ie$e"e 7u!"ice a #se&i%te"#r deshu&ate;<

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Mai a"es dat+ 8ii%d :%se&%area i%ti&+ 8+cut+ de :%su-i C#drea%u( :% :%chis#area Zi"a?a( "a %ici -ase "u%i :%ai%te de a 8i asasi%at/ QC'%d a& ter&i%at E?a%0he"ii"e( a& :%$e"es c+ stau aici( :% :%chis#are( di% ?#ia "ui Du&%e*euK c+( de-i %.a& %ici # ?i%+ su! "atura Nuridic+( E" &+ 7ede7se-te 7e%tru 7+cate"e &e"e -i.&i 7u%e "a :%cercare credi%$a9K;. M.a& "i%i-tit. A c+*ut "i%i-tea asu7ra *!uciu&u"ui &eu di% su8"et9K;I20. QP%se&%+ri"e de "a Zi"a?a c#%stituie u% *0uduit#r d#cu&e%t u&a%. E"e re7r#duc &+rturia u%ui #& ce -tie c+ &u"t %u &ai are de a-te7tat de "a #a&e%i( c+ ?ia$a -i "u7ta "ui( di% ceasu" :% care :%su-i Re0e"e s.a 7us :% 8ru%tea ta0&ei r+u8+c+t#ri"#r( a7ar$i% ?rerii Du&%e*eie-tiI25. 20 C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u( P%se&%area i%ti&+ di% data de &ar$i 54 iu%ie 5138( :% C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u( P%se&%+ri de "a Zi"a?a( Edi$ie :%0riNit+ de Radu Da% B"ad( Editura MaNadah#%da( Bucure-ti( 5116( 7a0. 48 25 )#ria Si&a( Cu?'%t :%ai%te "a ?#"u&u" C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u( P%se&%+ri de "a Zi"a?a( Ed. cit.( 7a0. 6. Cu?'%tu" :%ai%te a 8#st redactat 7e 50 iu%ie 5165. C4 Iar &+rturisirea citat+ :-i are( e&!ri#%ar( #!'r-ia cu %u &ai 7u$i% de d#i a%i &ai de?re&e. Ast8e"( e%tru "e0i#%ari este deschis cu ur&+t#are"e cu?i%te/ QP% acest ?#"u& este scris+ 7#?estea ti%ere$ii &e"e( de "a 51 "a 34 a%i( cu si&$iri"e( credi%$a( 0'%duri"e( 8a7te"e -i 0re-e"i"e eiI22. ri% ur&are( ate%$ie/ -i 0re-e"i"e. C#%sider at't 7reci*area :% si%e( c't -i "#cu" di% "ucrare :% care aut#ru" s+u # 7"asea*+ ca 8ii%d de&%e de t#at+ "uarea a&i%te. Eii%dc+ :%tr.# "ucrare aut#!i#0ra8ic+( s+ 8ii :%t'&7i%at :%c+ di% &#tt# cu # ast8e" de "+&urire... Mie 7ers#%a" :&i s7u%e &u"t des7re 0radu" de si%ceritate a" scriit#ru"ui. i :%dr+*%esc s+ cred c+ -i $ie... A7#i( chiar 7#*i$i#%area :% cadru" ec#%#&iei :%tre0ii "ucr+ri a teri!i"u"ui citat de "a 7a0i%a 16( :&i a7are ca :%c+rcat+ de se&%i8ica$ie. Ducrarea.i a"c+tuit+ 7e 7ri%ci7iu" 7re*e%t+rii cr#%#"#0ice a e?e%i&e%te"#r. Ca7it#"u" r#!"e&a 7+&'%tu"ui r#&'%esc( di% care 8ace 7arte citatu"( :" 7re&er0e 7e ce" c#%sacrat c#&e%t+rii arhi&ediati*atu"ui c#&7"#t stude%$esc di% #ct#&!rie 5123. ri% ur&are citatu" e=7ri&+ 0'%du" u%ui t'%+r a!ia trecut de 20 de a%i 9C#drea%u 8ii%d %+scut :% 5811;. A u%ui t'%+r stude%t de et%ie r#&'%+23 care( e?a"u'%d situa$ia( 22 C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u( e%tru "e0i#%ari( MOTTO.u"( 7a0. 3 23 Chiar dac+ s#%#ritatea %u&e"ui a%cestra" de 8a&i"ie a" tat+"ui s+u este 7#"#%e*+ @ Ze"i%sYi/ QP% ti&7u" #cu7a$iei austriace -i a%u&e :% e7#ca 7#steri#ar+ a%u"ui 528C( c'%d Buc#?i%a a trecut su! ad&i%istra$ie 7#"#%e*+( de?e%i%d( du7+ e=7resiu%ea d."ui 7r#8. I#r0a( :% L)ist#ire des r#u&ai%s de Buc#?i%eM 7a0. C5/ Lu% si&7"u district a" Ga"i$ieiM( C6 7ers7ecti?e"e -i i&7"ica$ii"e c#&7#*i$iei et%ice a &ediu"ui u%i?ersitar :% care i%trase de cur'%d( se :%0r#*ea cu 7ri?ire "a s#arta Nea&u"ui 9c#%sidera$ii"e di% r#!"e&a 7+&'%tu"ui r#&'%esc 8#r&ea*+( 7ractic u% se0&e%t a" sec$iu%ii cu te&a %u&erus c"ausus;.

%u&e"e de Ze"ea a 8#st tra%s8#r&at de aut#rit+$i( :% -c#a"+ sau :% ar&at+( :% ace"a cu re*#%a%$+ 7#"#%e*+ de Ze"i%sYi. O7era$ia aceasta de 7#"#%i*are a %u&e"#r &#"d#?e%e-ti era( de a"t8e"( 0e%era"+ :% acea e7#c+ :% Buc#?i%a. Siste&u" 8+cea 7arte di%tr.u% a%sa&!"u &u"t &ai ?ast de L7ersecu$iu%i siste&atice :&7#tri?a #ric+rui "ucru care a&i%tea :% ad&i%istra$ii( :% -c#a"+ -i chiar :% ?ia$a s#cia"+( e7#ca D#&%i"#r M#"d#?e%iM 9N. I#r0a( #7.cit.( 7a0. C2;.( Cu?'%tu" a7+r+rii @ 7"ed#aria a?#catu"ui Di*eta G)EORG)IU @ :% 7r#cesu" "ui C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u di% &ai 5138( :% cu"e0erea de te=te Di% "u7te"e Ti%eretu"ui R#&'%( 95151.5138;( Editura Eu%da$iei Bu%a Bestire( 5113( 7a0. 3C2 Mi%i8i-+ si%tetic+/

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QEa&i"ia C#drea%u su%t r#&'%i aute%tici di% c#&u%a I0e-ti( NudRe$u"S St#r#Ni%e$( 7r#?i%cia ist#ric+ Buc#?i%a( care de 8a7t este %#rdu" M#"d#?ei. Nu&e"e a%cestra" %u era de C#drea%u( ci9K; de Ze"ea. P% ?echea "i&!+ r#&'%easc+( cu?'%tu" LZe"eaM :%sea&%+ Lce" 7er8ectM. Di% 8a&i"ia ?er!u"ui La *e"i . *e"ireM. Da 60 de a%i de "a a%e=area Buc#?i%ei9K; aut#rit+$i"e au 8+cut u% rece%s+&'%t a" 7#7u"a$iei -i di% #8iciu( 9K;:% sc#7u" de de*%a$i#%a"i*are a r#&'%i"#r( 9K;E&i% a de?e%it E&i%#?ici( #ru&!escu a de?e%it G#"u&!#?ici -i Ze"ea a de?e%it Ze"i%sYi. P% 5811 t'%+ru" de 25 de a%i I#% Ze"i%sYi a e&i0rat di% Buc#?i%a . Buche%"a%d -i a ?e%it :% M#"d#?a( u%de :% a%u" 5100 -i.a schi&!at %u&e"e di% Ze"i%sYi :% C#drea%u -i a de?e%it 7r#8es#r de "i&!a 0er&a%+ "a Diceu" di% )u-i. C'%d a i%trat :% 7#"itic+ a"+turi de 7r#8. A.C. Cu*a( 7r#8. I#% C#drea%u -i.a re"uat %u&e"e a%cestra" de Ze"ea -i ast8e" t#$i desce%de%$ii s+i se %u&esc Ze"ea.C#drea%uI.( er!a% Mi"c#?ea%u( Ter#area de Stat 7'%+ "a 22 dece&!rie 5181( ?#"u& editat 8+r+ sc#7 "ucrati? de As#cia$ia 8#-ti"#r 7re-edi%$i ai Stude%$i&ii 7ers#a%+ Nuridic+ -i Di0a 7e%tru a7+rarea Ade?+ru"ui Ist#ric 7ers#a%+ Nuridic+( Bucure-ti( 2004( 7a0. 511 CC A u%ui t'%+r :% c#%ce7$ia c+ruia/ QTr+darea %e.a &+ci%at 7uteri"e %ea&u"uiI24 -i Q%u ?#& 7utea 8ace %ici u% 7as :%ai%te 8+r+ 7ede7sirea tr+d+t#ru"uiI26. i.atu%ci/ P%tre Q9K;s+ %e 7r#cur+& re?#"?ere -i s+ tra0e& :% eiI2C RQ:% t#$i acei 7e care :i ?#& 0+si &ai ?i%#?a$i de tr+darea i%terese"#r r#&'%e-tiI22S( Qd'%d u% e=e&7"u 0r#a*%ic care s+ r+&'%+ de.a."u%0u" ist#riei %#astre r#&'%e-tiI28K cu c#&7"etarea c+ Qce se ?a a"e0e du7+ aceasta de %#i( ?#& &uri sau ?#& r+&'%e t#at+ ?ia$a :% :%chis#are( %u &ai i%teresea*+I21 -i Q9K;aici( :% :%chis#are( 9K;de-i %.a& %ici # ?i%+ su! "atura Nuridic+( E" &+ 7ede7se-te 7e%tru 7+cate"e &e"e -i.&i 7u%e "a :%cercare credi%$a9K;I80K :%tre0it cu QA :%?iat )rist#s( s+di%d %+deNdea :%?ierii di% &#r$iK 9K;?ia$a %#astr+ %u se ter&i%+ aici( "a ace-ti a-a de trec+t#ri C0.20 a%iK c+ se 7re"u%0e-te di%c#"#I85K Q9K;B#& :%?ia di% &#r$i :% %u&e"e 24 C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u( e%tru "e0i#%ari( 7a0. 510 26 i!ide& 2C i!ide&( 7a0. 5C8 22 i!ide& 28 i!ide& 21 i!ide& 80 ide&( P%se&%+ri de "a Zi"a?a( 7a0. 48 85 i!ide&. 7a0. 43 C2 "ui )rist#s( adic+ :% a8ar+ de credi%$a :% )rist#s %i&e%i %u ?a :%?ia -i %u ?a 8i &'%tuitI82 ce su!"i& urcu- s7iritua" -i.a 7us a&7re%ta 7e 7ers#%a"itatea "ui C#drea%u< e 8#%du" ei. Da ca7+tu" urcu-u"ui( ce.a &ai 7+strat 8#%du" acesta( a8ar+ dec't( c#%de%sat s7us( cur+$e%ia su8"eteasc+< Ce.a d#!'%dit acest 8#%d( :% ese%$+( a"tce?a dec't &aturitatea duh#?%iceasc+< i care.i re*u"ta%ta "#r 8ireasc+< Mai cu sea&+ dac+ se&e%u" care "e cu&u"ea*+ -i "e 7#ate e=teri#ri*a :% ?#ie<... A-a e cu 7uti%$+ Ee%#&e%u" De0i#%ar. P%tru Qade?+rata di&e%siu%e a :&7"i%irii de desti%/ di&e%siu%ea ?ertica"+ a credi%$ei -i #&e%iei( a #%#arei -i "u7tei Nert8e"%ice( a &ari"#r ?irtu$i cristiceI83. A-a se 8ace c+ Qre?#"u$ia "e0i#%ar+ e?it+ r+!u8%iri"e ?i#"e%te( &a%i8est+ri"e :% t#t &#&e%tu" 7ri% 0re?e( ate%tate84( re?e%dic+ri... erse?ere%$a ei %u se 82 i!ide&( 7a0. 43( 44 83 Basi"e #steuc+( Desti%u" i&7eria" a" r#&'%i"#r. Du&%e*eu( Nea&u"( O&u"( Editura Criteri#% u!"ishi%0( N#rcr#ss( GA( 8.a.( 7a0. C2

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84 QChiar dac+ @ #!ser?+ Eaust Br+descu @ :% "u&e s.a :&7+&'%te%it criteriu" e=tre& c+ # re?#"u$ie %u se a8ir&+ dec't 7ri% ?+rsare de s'%0e -i 7ri% r+stur%are ?i#"e%t+ a st+rii de 8a7t( Mi-carea De0i#%ar+ R(dre7t re0u"+(S %u acce7t+ acest 7u%ct de ?edere ca &iN"#c a" re?#"u$iei "e0i#%are. P" acce7t+( t#tu-i( :%tr.u% si%0ur ca*( ace"a e=tre& a" u%ei 0u?er%+ri a!u*i?e( tra%s8#r&at+ :% tira%ie( cu& a 8#st ca*u" re0e"ui Car#" a" II."ea care( :% u"ti&a 8a*+ a d#&%iei "ui( de?e%ise u% tira% C8 s'%0er#s( a c+rui asu7rire de?e%ea( ?+*'%d cu #chii( &#r&'%tu" %ea&u"ui r#&'%escI.( Eaust Br+descu( Bi*iu%ea i%te0ra"+ a Re?#"u$iei De0i#%are( re8a$+ de Dr. Ghe#r0he Bu*atu( edi$ie :%0riNit+ de Radu.Da% B"ad( Traducere di% "i&!a 8ra%ce*+ de M+d+"i%a Marti%( Editura MaNadah#%da( Bucure-ti( 5112( 7a0. 64 De ce< Eii%dc+ @ 7recu& re"e?+ Du&itru St+%i"#ae @ Q7e "u&e su%t trei &ari rea"it+$i/ i%su"( %ea&u" -i u&a%itatea. Dar u%a 8+r+ a"ta %u 7#t e=ista. I%su" e=ist+ 7ri% %ea& -i u&a%itatea se &a%i8est+ t#t 7ri% %ea&. I%su"( a8ir&'%du.se 7e si%e( tre!uie s+ a8ir&e :% ace"a-i ti&7 u&a%itatea di% si%e( iar aceasta e t#tdeau%a deter&i%at+ et%ic. Nea&u" este &atca #%t#"#0ic+ :% care :-i 0+se-te a-e*+&'%t -i r'%duia"+ c#%cret+ e=iste%$a u&a%it+$ii. i 7ri% &atca aceasta -i :% ea e=ist+& %#i ca i%-i deter&i%a$i. Ea are # ad'%ci&e( # #ri0i%a"itate( 7r#7rie rea"it+$i"#r 7er&a%e%te. R+d+ci%i"e i%su"ui su%t :% su8"etu" %ea&u"ui( iar r+d+ci%i"e %ea&u"ui su%t :% #rdi%ea &eta8i*ic+ a e=iste%$ei. Deci( u%a di% &ari"e 0riNi a"e acest#r ti&7uri( care cearc+ tr+i%icia tutur#r rea"it+$i"#r ce e=ist+( 7e%tru a risi7i ce.i 8+r+ ?"a0+ "+u%tric+ -i a c#%8ir&a ceea ce $i%e te%ace :% e=iste%$+( s+ %e 8ie aceea de.a %e &e%$i%e ca %ea& :% ide%titatea 7r#7rieI.( Du&itru St+%i"#ae( S+ r+&'%e& ide%tici cu %#i :%-i%e( :% Te"e0ra8u" r#&'%( ACIII( %r. 5( 5146. Te=tu" se re0+se-te :% ?#"u&u" Du&itru St+%i"#ae( Na$iu%e -i Cre-ti%is&( Editura E"i#%( Bucure-ti( 2003( 7a0. 585( 582 Deta"ie*/ QNea&u" r#&'%esc este # si%te*+ !i#"#0ic.s7iritua"+ a &ai &u"t#r 7+r$i care au i%trat :% c#&7#*i$ia "ui. Ce"e 7ri%ci7a"e su%t/ e"e&e%tu" dac( e"e&e%tu" "ati% -i cre-ti%is&u" #rt#d#=I.( Du&itru St+%i"#ae( Idea"u" %a$i#%a" 7er&a%e%t( :% Te"e0ra8u" r#&'%( DAAABIII( %r. 4( 5140. Te=tu" se re0+se-te :% Du&itru St+%i"#ae( ?#".cit.( 7a0. 503 Acest %ea&( a"c+tuit( 8ire-te( di% #a&e%i( Qeste # si%te*+ %#u+( # i%di?idua"itate 7r#7rie( cu u% 7ri%ci7iu de ?ia$+ de#se!it de t#ate 7+r$i"e c#&7#%e%te. De0ea cea &ai :%a"t+ de ?ia$+ a %ea&u"ui %#stru( "e0ea care :" e=7ri&+ ca ceea ce este e" :% chi7 7r#7riu( este aceea 7e care # tr+ie-te ca :%tre0( %u care e 7r#7rie ?reu%eia di% 7+r$i"e "uiI...9i!ide&;. Ast8e"( Qcaracteristici"e e"e&e%te"#r c#&7#%e%te su%t str+!+tute de u% ti&!ru %#u( u%itar( de ti&!ru" i%di?idua"it+$ii %#i( care este r#&'%itateaI. 9i!ide&; A-adar( Q7ute& s7u%e c+ "e0ea cea &ai :%a"t+ de ?ia$+ a 7#7#ru"ui %#stru este r#&'%itateaI.( i!ide& C1 QO&u" e desti%at s+ se de*?#"te ca #&( 7ri% c#&u%iu%ea cu #rdi%ea eter%+( 7'%+ "a ase&+%area9K; de7"i%+ cu aceast+ #rdi%e...:%ai%tea "ui st+ u% 7r#0res s7iritua" a"e c+rui "i&ite %ici %u %i "e 7ute& :%chi7uiI.( i!ide&( 7a0. 506 ri?it#r "a aceast+ #rdi%e( 7ute& #!ser?a d#u+ "ucruri( -i a%u&e/ a; c+ Qa a7+rut ca siste& de ?a"#ri de si%e st+t+t#are %u&ai ra$iu%ii 8i"#s#8ice di% ti&7uri"e a%teri#are. Cre-ti%is&u"ui( ca -i #ric+rei a"te re"i0ii( e"e i.au a7+rut ca atri!ute -i &a%i8est+ri a"e u%ei 7ers#a%e a!s#"ute. Ast+*i se a7r#7ie de acest 7u%ct de ?edere -i 8i"#s#8ia.K !; cu c't %e ridic+& 7e scara e%tit+$i"#r create( cu c't %e a7r#7ie& de trea7ta 7e care st+ 7ers#a%a #&e%easc+ @ de si%0ur+ e%titate :%*estrat+ cu 7uti%$a c#&u%ic+rii cu #rdi%ea eter%+ @( :%$e"e0'%du.se 7ri% aceasta c+ -i acea #rdi%e tre!uie s+ ai!e u% caracter 7ers#%a"( ?ede& ?a"id'%du.se t#t &ai &u"t 7ri%ci7iu" i%di?idua"it+$ii( a" de#se!irii di%tre di8eri$ii i%di?i*i. At#&ii u%ui e"e&e%t( &#"ecu"e"e u%ei Ru%eia -i ace"eia-iS &aterii su%t strict ide%tice 97re*i%t+ ide%titate de7"i%+ :%tre e"e %.%.;K i%di?i*ii u%ei s7ecii ?e0eta"e %u &ai 7re*i%t+ aceia-i u%i8#r&itate( "e0ea de ?ia$+ a s7eciei e at#t7uter%ic+. Ca& ace"a-i "ucru se 7etrece -i :% "u&ea a%i&a"+. P% c"asa 7ers#a%e"#r #&e%e-ti :%s+( i%di?idu" %u &ai e d#&i%at :% e=c"usi?itate de i%sti%cte"e s7eciei( ci ur&ea*+ u% dru& :% !u%+ 7arte a"es de si%e :% chi7 "i!er. Dru&u" acesta e # re*u"ta%t+ a i%di?idua"it+$ii sa"e "i!ere( dar de # a%u&it+ #ri0i%a"itate( -i a #rdi%ii eter%eK este re*u"ta%ta 8e"u"ui s+u 7r#7riu de re"a$ie -i de c#"a!#rare cu acea #rdi%e.

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20 Re"a$ia cu #rdi%ea eter%+ c#%st+ :% a desci8ra 7rete%$ii"e ei @ aceasta e cu%#a-terea @ -i a r+s7u%de acest#r 7rete%$ii( 7ri% rea"i*+ri"e de #rdi% s#cia"( &#ra"( 7#"itic( artistic( etc. ri% re"a$ia aceasta se :%c#r7#rea*+ c#%ti%uu c'te ce?a di% #rdi%ea eter%+ :% 7ers#a%a #&e%easc+ -i :% #rdi%ea "u&ii create( 7ri% &iN"#cirea acestui i%stru&e%t( acestui ca%a"( care este 7ers#%a"itatea #&e%easc+. i( :%truc't %u e=ist+ R# a%u&it+S 7ers#a%+ #&e%easc+( sau Ru% a%u&itS 0ru7 :%rudit de 7ers#a%e #&e%e-ti @ %ea&uri @ 7ri% care s+ se 7#at+ :%c#r7#ra aceast+ #rdi%e :% &u"ti7"icitatea %es8'r-it+ a as7ecte"#r ei( este dat+ &u"$i&ea de i%di?idua"it+$i et%ice( 7e%tru ca 8iecare s+ :%c#r7#re*e :% si%e( du7+ structura -i 7#si!i"it+$i"e 7r#7rii( :%tr.u% a%u&it 8e" acea #rdi%e( c#res7u%*+t#r cu Ru%a( res7ecti?S u%u" di% %e%u&+rate"e 7#si!i"it+$i -i as7ecte cu7ri%se :% ea. recu& 8iecare i%s cre-te :% s7irit( :% :%se&%+tate( 7ri% re"a$ie 7#*iti?+( 7ri% :%ai%tare s7re 7"e%itudi%e s7iritua"+( cu acea ra*+ a #rdi%ii di?i%e care.i este adec?at+ 8ii%$ei "ui( t#t a-a( %ea&uri"e( cresc :% 7uteri 7ri% ace" 8e" de c#&u%icare acti?+ cu #rdi%ea eter%+ care "e este 7r#7rie "#r( care "e e i%dicat+( de 8ii%$a "#r #ri0i%a"+( ca :%tre0( care 8#r&ea*+ "e0ea cea &ai :%a"t+ a i%di?idua"it+$ii "#r et%ice. Di% aceasta re*u"t+ c+ idea"u" 7er&a%e%t a" %ea&u"ui %#stru este cre-terea s7iritua"+ @ aceasta 7resu7u%e( desi0ur( -i # !a*+ c#res7u%*+t#are de e=iste%$+ 8i*ic+ @ 7ri%tr.u% 8e" de re"a$ie cu #rdi%ea ?a"#ri"#r eter%e( deter&i%at de i%di?idua"itatea sa et%ic+( de r#&'%is&K 7ri%tr.# c#&u%iu%e r#&'%easc+ cu Du&%e*eu. Care este &#du" r#&'%esc de c#&u%iu%e cu #rdi%ea s7iritua"+ tra%sce%de%t+< Acesta( %e.# s7u% ist#ria -i ?ia$a actua"+ a 7#7#ru"ui %#stru( este #rt#d#=iaI.( i!ide&( 7a0. 506( 50C QOrt#d#=ia e har du&%e*eiesc( adic+ 7re*e%$+ 8a&i"iar+ a "ui Iisus 7ri%tre %#i( tra%s8i0ur'%du.%e ?ia$a( ad'%ci%du.i :%$e"esu"( d'%du. %e r+!dare -i curaN :% &iN"#cu" %eaNu%suri"#r( :%tr.# &+sur+ :% care %u %e.ar 7utea da( dac+ ar "i7si )rist#s( %ici u% #&( #ric't ar 7reti%de c+." :%"#cuie-te e=actI.( Du&itru St+%i"#ae( Ort#d#=ia( "u&i%a "u&ii -i i%i&a %ea&u"ui %#stru( :% Te"e0ra8u" r#&'%( DAAABIII( %r. 55( 5140. Te=tu" se re0+se-te :% Du&itru St+%i"#ae( ?#".cit.( 7a0. 555 Ea7te"e ce :%s#$esc 8iru" scur0erii ti&7u"ui atest+ c+ Qdat#rit+ #rt#d#=iei %ea&u" %#stru %.a 8#st si%0ur :% "u%0a sa ist#rie :% care %.a a?ut %ici u% aNut#r de "a #a&e%i. Ci a 8#st cu Iisus )rist#s. i( aNutat de 25 E"( t#ate "e.a !iruit. Au 8#st( :% schi&!( a"te %ea&uri( 7uter%ic :%cre*ute :% #a&e%i ce se d+deau ase&e%ea "ui )rist#s( care %u -i.au 7utut &e%$i%e e=iste%$a "#r ca stat. Ort#d#=ia( 8ii%d ?edere drea7t+ a ?#ii Du&%e*eie-ti -i a 7#si!i"it+$i"#r -i a $i%te"#r #&e%e-ti( 7recu& -i c#&u%icare %ei%ter&ediat+ cu Iisus )rist#s @ e -i ?ia$+ drea7t+( e -i !"'%de$e( e -i s8i%$e%ie. Iar c'%d tre!uie s+ 8ie er#is&( e er#is&u" ce" &ai de*i%teresat( &ai curat( &ai "i7sit de cru*i&e -i de 7#8t+ de st+7'%ire. O7#rtu%is&u" -i ci%is&u" 7#"itic e str+i% de su8"etu" crescut :% #rt#d#=ieI.( i!ide& QCredi%$a cre-ti%+ e 7e%tru credi%ci#s u% i&7u"s s7re a8ir&area c#&u%it+$ii %a$i#%a"e( s7re iu!irea( &ai 7resus de 8ire( a ce"#r cu care 8irea ".a a-e*at :% re"a$ii 8u%da&e%ta"e de ?ia$+. Cre-ti%is&u" r+*!ate :% &#d %ecesar s7re %a$i#%a"is&. M'%tuirea e desi0ur # 7r#!"e&+ care tre!uie s+ 8r+&'%te 7ers#%a" 7e 8iecare #&( dar ea %u 7#ate 8i d#!'%dit+ de #& 7ri%tr.# tr+ire de eu i*#"at( ea %u se :&7+rt+-e-te #&u"ui :% asceast+ ca"itate @ care e a%#r&a"+ @( ci :% ca"itatea "ui de &e&!ru a" u%ei c#&u%it+$i( iar cea &ai 8ireasc+ c#&u%itate este cea %a$i#%a"+I.( Du&itru St+%i"#ae( Cre-ti%is& -i %a$i#%a"is&( :% Te"e0ra8u" r#&'%( DAAABIII( %r. 40( 5140. Te=tu" se re0+se-te :% Du&itru St+%i"#ae( ?#".cit.( 7a0. 551 QA7r#7ierea cre-ti%is&u"ui de %a$iu%e a 8#st u-urat+ -i de 8i"#s#8ia &ai %#u+( care a desc#7erit c+ rea"itatea cea &ai :%a"t+ %u e cea a #!iecte"#r( ci cea #&e%easc+( iar aceasta %u se 7#ate 0+si %#r&a" -i cu 7#si!i"it+$i de 7"e%itudi%e( dec't :% c#&u%iu%ea di%tre 7ers#a%e. Aceasta e %atura( iar cre-ti%is&u" %u 8ace dec't s+.-i t#ar%e haru" :% aceast+ %atur+( ca s.# des+?'r-easc+. Cre-ti%is&u" e 7er8ec$i#%area re"a$iei %atura"e di%tre #& -i #&( des+?'r-irea c#&u%iu%ii( des+?'r-irea dra0#stei( sau "e0+tura des+?'r-irii. De aici %u e dec't u% 7as 7'%+ "a a s7u%e/ cea &ai %atura"+ di%tre re"a$ii( di%tre &a%i8est+ri"e %ecesare %aturii( este c#&u%icarea cu cei a7r#7ia$i( care au :% t#ate ca*uri"e 8ire-ti( aceea-i "i&!+( aceea-i ist#rie( ace"ea-i as7ira$ii( ace"a-i desti%. Na$iu%i"e su%t c#&u%it+$i de desti%( c#&u%it+$i"e ce"e &ai te&ei%ice( &ai stat#r%ice( :%8+-urate 7ri% &ai &u"te 8ire de "e0+tur+( de#se!it de 7r#8u%de( 8a$+ de a"te 8e"uri de c#&u%it+$i( cu &u"t &ai trec+t#are 9de dura!i"itate i%8eri#ar+ %.%.;( &ai su7er8icia"e 9de 7r#8u%*i&e redus+ %.%.;. Cre-ti%is&u" %.a ?e%it s+ se #7u%+ te%di%$e"#r ce"#r &ai 8ire-ti de c#&u%iu%e( c#%creti*+ri"#r ce"#r &ai 22

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7r#8u%de a"e acest#r te%di%$e( %.a ?e%it s+ :%+!u-e %atura( s+ # 8ac+ s+ caute a"te 8#r&e de c#&u%iu%e &ai 7u$i% 8ire-ti 9cu de8icit de #r0a%icitate %.%.;( ci s+ i%te%si8ice( s+ :%a"$e( s+ des+?'r-easc+ 8#r&e"e %atura"e a"e re"a$ii"#r #&e%e-ti. C#&u%iu%ea este chiar # c#%di$ie 8u%da&e%ta"+ a &'%tuirii. Nu 7#$i :&7"i%i ?#ia "ui Du&%e*eu( %u 7#$i e=ercita 8a7te"e cre-ti%e-ti( %u 7#$i a8"a -i e=7eria 7e Du&%e*eu chiar( dec't :% cadru" c#&u%iu%ii. Aceasta se c#"#rea*+ -i se u&7"e :%t#tdeau%a de a"t c#%$i%ut( du7+ cu& credi%$e"e ce"#r ce # :%tre$i% su%t a"te"e. Dar( :% a8ar+ de ea %u se 7#ate tr+i re"i0ia. Iar c#&u%iu%ea cea &ai 8ireasc+( cea &ai de te&e"ie( este aceea :%tre &e&!rii ace"eia-i %a$iu%i. P% &#d %ecesar( ea tre!uie 8#"#sit+ 7e%tru tr+irea :% cadru" ei a c#%$i%utu"ui re"i0i#s. U% cre-ti% e 8ericit de $es+tura de #ca*ii ce i.# #8er+ a7arte%e%$a "a c#&u%itatea %a$i#%a"+( 7e%tru a.-i tr+i :% ea c#%$i%uturi"e re"i0i#ase. P%truc't e #& "e0at de u% s7a$iu( :&7"etit 7ri% "i&!+( 7ri% ist#rie( cu u% 0ru7 %a$i#%a"( e" %u se 7#ate i*#"a de ace" 0ru7( 7e%tru a sta!i"i a"t+ c#&u%iu%e( c+ci 7e%tru aceasta ar tre!ui s+ 8u0+ di% $ara u%de s.a %ascut( u%de ".a desti%at Du&%e*eu s+ tr+iasc+I.( i!ide&( 7a0. 558( 551 QDu&%e*eu %u &+ ?a r+s7"+ti 7e%tru &#du" cu& a& -tiut s+ &+ des8ac de c#&u%itatea 8ireasc+ :% care &i.a 8#st dat s+ tr+iesc( ci du7+ &#du" :% care a& a8ir&at aceast+ c#&u%iu%e( cu ?#i%$a -i cu iu!irea &ea cre-ti%+. Du&%e*eu 7ri?e-te 7e #& %u :% i*#"area "ui( ci ca &e&!ru a" u%ei c#&u%it+$i &ai "ar0i( 7ri?e-te 7r#7riu.*is c#&u%it+$i"e -i( 7ri% e"e( 8ace 7+rta- 7e #& de har -i &'%tuire. i :%truc't c#&u%it+$i"e ce"e &ai 8ire-ti su%t %ea&uri"e( de ce %.a& s7u%e c+ 7ri?irea direct+ a "ui Du&%e*eu cade 7e %ea&uri( -i %u&ai :%truc't i%-ii 8ac 7arte di% %ea&uri( si&te 8iecare Rdi%tre eiS 7ri?irea "ui Du&%e*eu asu7ra "ui. P% cartea "ui Da%ii" se s7u%e c+ Du&%e*eu 7u%e :% cu&7+%+ :&7+r+$ia( %u 7e i%s :% 7arte. Iar "a A7#ca"i7s+ se ?#r!e-te de &'%tuirea %ea&uri"#r( %u a i%-i"#rI.( i!ide&( 7a0. 551 Iar dac+( a-a cu& acce%tuea*+ Nae I#%escu( Qu% cre-ti% este( "u7t+ -i cere :&7"i%irea "e0ii "ui Du&%e*euI9Nae I#%escu( Iertarea cre-ti%+( :% Cu?'%tu"( a% III( %r. C24 di% 21 %#ie&!rie 512C. Te=tu" se re0+se-te :% Nae I#%escu( Te#"#0ia. I%te0ra"a 7u!"icisticii re"i0i#ase( Editura Deisis( Si!iu( 2003( 7a0. 554;( iar aceasta cere ca 8iecare 8ii%$+ u&a%+ s+ e?#"ue*e s7iritua" 7ri% si&!i#*+ cu c#&u%itatea %a$i#%a"+ de iu!ire di% care 8ace 7arte( :%$e"e0e& c+( :%tre direc$ii"e &aN#re a"e acti?is&u"ui %#stru 7ers#%a"( tre!uie s+ 23 i%c"ude&( 7er&a%e%t -i 7re0%a%t( a7+rarea %a$i#%a"it+$ii %#astre r#&'%e-ti. P% acest se%s( s+ %e 8ie &ereu ?iu :% c#%-tii%$+ c+ 7e%tru 7+strarea( %e-tir!it+( a 8ii%$ei %a$i#%a"e( a?e&( 8iecare di%tre %#i( de7"i%a :%dre7t+$ire -i s8'%ta #!"i0a$ie de a 8#"#si( :% situa$ie de %ecesitate @ adic+ du7+ ce( 8+r+ succes( a& :%tre!ui%$at t#ate &iN"#ace"e 7a-%ice @ chiar ?i#"e%$a 8i*ic+. Aceasta de#arece( e=e&7"i8ic+ ace"a-i Nae I#%escu/ Qti& c+ !atN#c#rit( scui7at( 7+"&uit -i s7'%*urat 97ir#%it %.%.; 7e cruce( )rist#s a 0e&ut :%dur+t#r/ Iart+."e "#r D#a&%e( c+ %u -tiu ce 8ac\ Dar t#t )rist#s( :%dur+t#ru" a t#ate( e ce" care a "uat !iciu" -i a 0#%it 7e *ara8ii -i R7eS %e0ust#rii care s7urcau casa D#&%u"ui. De ce se uit+ a-a u-#r "ucruri"e acestea< De ce %u %e d+& sea&a c+ !"as8e&+& -i !atN#c#ri& t#c&ai ce e &ai cutre&ur+t#r de su!"i& :% cre-ti%is&( atu%ci c'%d !a0ate"i*+& iertarea cre-ti%+( 8+c'%d di% ea # &u-a&a cu care s+ ac#7eri& 7+cate"e ce se 8ac :&7#tri?a "e0ii<...De.$i ?a 0re-i a7r#a7e"e t+u %u de -a7te #ri( dar 9ci %.%.; de -a7te *eci de #ri c'te -a7te( iart+." 7re e"I 9i!ide&;... Iertarea :% d#&e%iu" re"ati? a" 7ers#%a"u"ui e "a "#cu" ei/ iertarea 0re-i$i"#r %#-tri echi?a"ea*+ cu i%di8ere%$a 8a$+ de r+u" care %i se 8ace( 7e%tru c+ acest r+u %#i %u." si&$i&( Radic+S %u tre!uie s+." si&$i&. A-a 8ii%d( iertarea %u e u% 7ri%ci7iu de &#ra"+( ci # &et#d+ tera7eutic+ 7e%tru 7re"ucrarea %#astr+ 7ers#%a"+. Dar( atu%ci( iertare 7e%tru 7+cate"e :&7#tri?a "e0ii %u e=ist+ 7e%tru %#iK ea %u st+ :% &'%a %#astr+( ci :% &'%a "ui Du&%e*euK si%0ur 7#ate Du&%e*eu s+ ierte. N#i %u\ Ar 8i 7rea &are :%dr+*%ea"a -i #r0#"iu" acesta %e.ar 7ierde. P%ceta$i deci( &ie"u-ei ai "ui Du&%e*eu( cu risi7a de 0e%er#*itateI.( i!ide& QCu aceea-i credi%$+ :% Du&%e*eu @ circu&sta%$ia*+ I#% C#Na @( "e0i#%arii au &ers -i ei du7+ 7i"da cristic+( a Ce"ui ce a 7r#7#?+duit :%?+$+tura iu!irii :&7i%s+ 7'%+ "a 0estu" 7arad#=a" de a.i #8eri ce"ui ce te.a 7+"&uit # dat+ -i ce"+"a"t #!ra*\ Nu&ai c+ ace"a-i Iisus %e.a :%?+$at c+ su%t &#&e%te c'%d tre!uie s+ &ai 7ui &'%a -i 7e !iciu" 7ede7sit#r( %u 7e%tru a te a7+ra 7e ti%e( 8ii%$+ trec+t#are( i%di?id s#rtit u%ei e=iste%$e e8e&ere( ci ca s+ te 7ui sta?i"+ c'%d ce"+"a"t ate%tea*+ "a ?e-%icia %ea&u"ui t+u( "a i%te0ritatea c#&u%it+$ii :% care te.ai %+scut -i care $i.a dat ide%titate :% 8a$a "ui Du&%e*eu\ Ca s+.i a7eri 7e ai t+i\... Da( :%t#rci -i ce"+"a"t #!ra*( dar %u&ai dac+ e ?#r!a strict de #!ra*u" t+u( ca i%s( ca 7ers#a%+. Dar c'%d ci%e?a "#?e-te :% #!ra*u" 24 %ea&u"ui t+u( atu%ci -i Iisus -i M#ise( -i #rici%e( t#$i te :%?a$+ "a 8e"/ s+

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8ii %ecru$+t#r\ Su! aceast+ !#"t+ de se&%i8ica$ii se :%scrie 0estu" %icad#ri"#r -i( :% &are( t#ate ?i#"e%$e"e c#&ise de "e0i#%ari\I( I#% C#Na( Nicad#rii( :% S+7+&'%a r#&'%easc+( A% II( %r. 65( 5C.22 %#ie&!rie 200C( 7a0. 24 QC+ci "e0i#%arii a-a s.au si&$it -i a-a au -i 8#st atu%ci c'%d au ridicat !ra$u" 7ede7sit#r/ :% "e0iti&+ a7+rare. Dar %u :% a7+rarea 7r#7riei 7ers#a%e( ci :% a7+rarea Nea&u"ui\I( i!ide& QLSa"?area F+rii( a Nea&u"ui( este "e0ea &ai 7resus de t#ate "e0i"e/ su7re&a "e=M. Nicad#rii %u au :%c+"cat aceast+ "e0e ci( di&7#tri?+( i s.au su7us 8+r+ 7re0et\I( i!ide& QAceast+ "e0e # %es#c#tise I.G. Duca( iar c#du" 7e%a" -i 7ractica Nudiciar+ :" "+sau %e7ede7sit 7e i%8ract#r. e I.G. Duca -i 7e a"$ii care -tiau !i%e c+ s+?'r-iser+ &ari tic+"#-ii 7e%tru care %u a?eau :%s+ %ici#dat+ s+ 7"+teasc+ :% 8a$a i%sta%$e"#r at't de c#ru7te a"e R#&'%iei i%ter!e"ice. Dar iat+ c+ a7are # i%sta%$+ %#u+( i%se%si!i"+ "a su!ti"it+$i"e a?#c+$e-ti -i "a 8#r$a !a%u"ui de a c#ru7e 7e #rici%e. O i%sta%$+ care 8ace( di% i%teresu" %a$i#%a"( 7ri%ci7iu" su7re& a" Nusti$iei\ O i%sta%$+ care %u c#%8u%d+ Nusti$ia cu "e0a"itatea\ Care %u recu%#a-te "e0i"e &+s"uite( 0'%dite 7e%tru 8#"#su" &ari"#r ?'%*+t#ri de Far+\ Aceast+ Nusti$ie a ac$i#%at 7ri&a #ar+ 7ri% %icad#ri -i a7ari$ia ei e u-#r de i&a0i%at ce reac$ie a st'r%it :% c"asa 7#"itic+ a 7r#8it#ri"#r de 7e ur&a ce"#r 7rea !u%i -i 7rea !"'%*i( -i u-#r de 7r#stit %u 7e%tru c+ ar 8i 7r#-ti( ci 7e%tru c+ su%t ca7a!i"i s+ ?ad+( chiar -i.% tic+"#-ia -i %edre7tatea cea &ai &are( ?#ia D#&%u"ui. Eac+.se\I( i!ide& QNicad#rii9K;( au 0+sit cu& s+ dea 7este ca7 :%tre0u" siste& de a7+rare 7e care -i ".au creat( 7ri% &i%ciu%+ -i :%-e"+t#rie ad?ersarii "#r( siste& de a7+rare care a tra%s8#r&at de&#cra$ia ( ca siste& 7#"itic( -i Nusti$ia( ca i%stitu$ie( 9K;:% 7restat#ri de ser?icii 7e%tru caracati$a &#%dia"+ a c#ru7$iei( i%8i"trat+ 7'%+ "a ce" &ai &+ru%t 8u%$i#%ar de statI.( i!ide& Aid#&a( adic+ 7red'%du.se #"i$iei di% 7r#7rie i%i$iati?+ @ de-i ar 8i 7utut "es%e s+ 8u0+ cu succes -i( de ase&e%ea( cu t#ate c+ -tiau e=act ce cu&7"ite c#%seci%$e( i%c"usi? ca*%e de 8e"u" ace"#ra 7ri% care I%chi*i$ia :%0r#*ise S7a%ia cu Nu&+tate de &i"e%iu :% ur&+( 26 ?#r a?ea s+ su7#rte 9?e*i 7e "ar0 -i( 8ire-te( %e"i&itati?/ I#% C#Na( art.cit.( i%te0ra"( sau Redac$ia O!iecti? De0i#%ar( C#&e%tarii "a artic#"u" Mr. I#% T. Ci#!a%u( Dictatura Re0e"ui Car#" a" II."ea sau des7re cu& s.a :%cercat 0esti#%area cri*ei acesteia( 8+cute :% O!iecti? De0i#%ar( %r. 38.31( Se7te&!rie.Oct#&!rie 200C( 7a0. C RO.D. 38.31S; @( au 7r#cedat -i "e0i#%arii care( :% se7te&!rie 5131( ".au Le=ecutatM 7e Ar&a%d C+"i%escu( 7ri&.&i%istru" asasi%( care a?ea 7e c#%-tii%$+ ?ia$a 9-i ti%ere$ea; C+7ita%u"ui( a %icad#ri"#r -i a dece&?iri"#r( uci-i 7ri% stra%0u"are de 0ardie%ii care :i 7+*eauI.( I#% C#Na( art.cit.( 7a0. 24 QI&ediat du7+ ate%tat echi7a Miti Du&itrescu s.a de7"asat :% str. Ge%era" Berthe"#tI9er!a% Mi"c#?ea%u( C#r%e"iu Z. C#drea%u a"tce?a dec't )#ria Si&a( ?#".II( Editura Crater( Bucure-ti( 511C( 7a0. 546; -i( :-i a&i%te-te au" tiu!ei 9L"a data aceea :% 51319K; i%0i%eru" -e8 a" a7arate"#r di% Radi#di8u*iu%eM( c8. er!a% Mi"c#?ea%u( Ate%tatu" di% 25 se7te&!rie 5131 c#%tra "ui Ar&a%d C+"i%escu -i e7#ca 5130.5160( 7a0. 43;( a i%trat :% "#ca"u" Radi#di8u*iu%ii tr+0'%d :% ta?a% &ai &u"te 8#curi de re?#"?er. Aceasta 7e%tru a i%ti&ida -i 7ara"i*a 7resu7usa 0ard+ &i"itar+ de 7a*+. S7re stu7e8ac$ia ist#riei aceast+ i%stitu$ie a Radi#di8u*iu%ii %u a?ea 7a*+ &i"itar+ -i a?ea %u&ai d#i 7#rtari( sa"aria$i 7r#7rii( care c#%tr#"au i%trarea. Echi7a Miti Du&itrescu s.a dus direct :% sa"a de :%re0istrare -i di8u*iu%e u%de c'%ta #rchestra Radi#9K;. Miti Du&itrescu a "uat &icr#8#%u" di% 8a$a #rchestrei -i a 7r#%u%$at ur&+t#ru" &esaN c+tre Na$iu%e -i Ist#rie/ LAst+*i 25 se7te&!rie 5131 #ra 5430 7ri&u" &i%istru Ar&a%d C+"i%escu a 8#st e=ecutat de # echi7+ "e0i#%ar+ de sacri8iciu care a 8+cut Nusti$ie 7e%tru asasi%area "ui C#r%e"iu Z. C#drea%u "a 30 %#ie&!rie 5138M. Sa"aria$ii Radi#di8u*iu%ii au :%treru7t di8u*area "a Nu&+tatea &esaNu"ui -i ast8e" 7u!"icu" ascu"t+t#r %.a rece7$i#%at Nusti8icarea ate%tatu"ui. Odat+ cu e=7ri&area &esaNu"ui( echi7a Miti Du&itrescu a de7us 7e 7#dea re?#"?ere"e -i a ridicat s7re ta?a% a&!e"e &'i%i. Aceasta cu se&%i8ica$ie de 7redare c+tre aut#rit+$i"e de stat. '%+ s+ ?i%+ 7#"i$ia s7re a.i aresta9K;( direct#ru" 0e%era" a" Radi#di8u*iu%ii9K; s.a re7e*it asu7ra "ui Miti Du&itrescu -i i.a tras d#u+ 7a"&e. Miti Du&itrescu %u a ri7#stat -i a r+&as &ai de7arte i&#!i" cu &'i%i"e ridicate s7re ta?a%. #"i$ia a ?e%it :% 8ru%te cu 0e%era"u" Ga?ri"+ Mari%escu -i i.a "uat 7e "e0i#%ariI.( au" tiu!ei( M+rturisire 8+cut+ :% ca"itate de 7acie%t d#ct#ru"ui 2C er!a% Mi"c#?ea%u( redat+ :% er!a% Mi"c#?ea%u( Ate%tatu" di% 25 se7te&!rie 5131 c#%tra "ui Ar&a%d C+"i%escu -i e7#ca 5130.5160( 7a0. 43( 44

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QDui Miti Du&itrescu i s.au ru7t a&!e"e !ra$e( iar "i&!a i.a 8#st sc#as+ di% 0ur+ cu u% c'r"i0I.( Redac$ia O!iecti? "e0i#%ar( C#&e%tarii"e a&i%tite( e=tras Eiecare di%tre cei %#u+ &e&!ri ai echi7ei de sacri8iciu( du7+ ce a 8#st Qt#rturat ti&7 de 8 #re :%tr.u% &#d :%8i#r+t#rI9AAA( Cr#%#"#0ie "e0i#%ar+( :% RO.D. 38.31S( 7a0. C1( Edi$ia I.a( C#"ec$ia O&u" N#u( Sa"*!ur0( 5163;( a 8#st Q"e0at -i :&7u-cat 8+r+ Nudecat+I.( i!ide& A7#i( t#t #"i$ia( Q"e.a de7us cada?re"e chiar "a "#cu" ate%tatu"ui( strada tir!ei B#d+ "a :%tret+ierea cu !u"e?ardu" Ardea"u"uiI.( er!a% Mi"c#?ea%u( Ate%tatu" di% 25 se7te&!rie 5131 c#%tra "ui Ar&a%d C+"i%escu -i e7#ca 5130.5160( 7a0. 44 QP%c+ # i%8#r&a$ie. Da acea dat+ era &are ca%icu"+ :% Bucure-ti. re8ectura #"i$iei Ca7ita"ei a &#%tat :% Nuru" cada?re"#r &ai &u"te tri!u%e 7e%tru ca 7u!"icu" s+ R"eS ?i*i#%e*e desc#&7u%erea9K;. Da 8a$a "#cu"ui au ?e%it &e&!rii Gu?er%u"ui -i a"te s#&it+$i a"e c"asei c#%duc+t#are. P% LZur%a"u"M care a ru"at "a ci%e&at#0ra8e"e di% acea e7#c+ s. a 7utut ?edea R(s7re 7i"d+(S cu&9K; &i%istru" educa$iei %a$i#%a"e 7r#8es#ru" etre A%drei scui7+ cada?re"e :% chi7 de ur+ -i 7edea7s+ 7#st &#rte&I.( i!ide&( 7a0. 46 De ase&e%ea( Q9K; -c#"i"e au ?e%it s+ "e scui7e -i s+ "e !"este&eI.( er!a% Mi"c#?ea%u( C#r%e"iu Z. C#drea%u a"tce?a dec't )#ria Si&a( ?#".I( 7a0. 54C QNu se -tie ce s.a :%t'&7"at Ra7#iS cu cada?re"e9K;. Du7+ t#ate 7r#!a!i"it+$i"e au 8#st i%ci%erate "a Cre&at#riu" Ce%u-a -i ce a re*u"tat a 8#st a*?'r"it "a 0u%#iI.( ide&( Ate%tatu" di% 25 se7te&!rie 5131 c#%tra "ui Ar&a%d C+"i%escu -i e7#ca 5130.5160( 7a0. 46 Di% cadru" ace"#ra-i si%istre re7resa"ii( 8ac 7arte -i Q&asacre"e &i-e"e-ti di% %#a7tea de 25.22 se7te&!rie 5131. N#u" 0u?er% c#%stituit su! 7re-ede%$ia 0e%Rera"u"uiS Ar0e-a%u( a?'%d 7e 0e%Rera"u"S Ga?ri"R+S Mari%escu ca Mi%istru de I%ter%e( a #rd#%at uciderea tutur#r 8ru%ta-i"#r "e0i#%ari di% "a0+re -i :%chis#ri( 7recu& -i a c'te 3.6 "e0i#%ari di% 8iecare Nude$. Ast8e"( au 8#st asasi%a$i 0ru7u" de "a :%chis#area R'&%icu.S+rat :% 8ru%te cu i%0. Gh. C"i&e( care a 8#st9K; t#rturat :% &#d :%8i#r+t#rK 44 :% "a0+ru" de "a Miercurea CiucK 35 :% "a0+ru" de "a Bas"uiK 2 "a S7ita"u" 22 Mi"itar di% Bra-#?K 50 :% Bucure-tiK 542 :% restu" $+rii. P% t#ta"( 262 de "e0i#%ariI.( AAA( Cr#%#"#0ie "e0i#%ar+( :% RO.D. 38.31S( 7a0. 20 De ase&e%ea( 7e 22 se7te&!rie QBict#r Dra0#&irescu este ridicat de "a S7ita"u" :%chis#rii B+c+re-ti( su0ru&at :% &a-i%+ -i dus "a cre&at#riu u%de( :%c+ d'%d se&%e de ?ia$+( a 8#st ars de ?iuI.( i!ide& O&isese&( &ai sus( s+.$i 7reci*e* &#ti?u" asasi%+rii "ui I.G. Duca. E"( :% ca"itatea sa de 7ri&.&i%istru( se&%ase( :% 5133( u% a%0aNa&e%t i%ter%a$i#%a" 7e%tru :%cet+$e%irea :% $ar+ a 300.000 de e?rei 9?e*i deta"ii :% I#% C#Na( art.cit( 7a0. 22;. i. aceasta c'%d( Q:% "u%a dece&!rie 5133( ?re&e de 7ace( %u e=istau %ic+ieri R:% "u&eS 7ersecu$ii a%tie?reie-tiI9 i!ide&( 7a0. 22 ; K Qiar ad+u0a$i "a cei"a"$i a8"a$i deNa :% R#&'%ia( u%ii cu 8#r&e "e0a"e( a"$ii c"a%desti%i( e?reii di% R#&'%ia ar 8i aNu%s s+ de7+-easc+ u% &i"i#% -i Nu&+tate( de?e%i%d( 7ractic( cea &ai %u&er#as+ &i%#ritate et%ic+ di% R#&'%iaI.( i!ide& Dar Qde ce s+ se 7r#duc+ u% ase&e%ea e=#d( di% #"#%ia :% R#&'%ia( u% e=#d de di&e%siu%i su7eri#are ce"ui !i!"ic<\ E=7"ica$ii #8icia"e %u s.au dat( dar chiar -i dac+ ar 8i e=istat aceste Nusti8ic+ri( ci%e ar 8i :&7iedicat a7ari$ia a"t#r e=7"ica$ii( a a"t#r Lsce%ariiM< U% ast8e" de sce%ariu( care a circu"at &u"t :% 7eri#ada i%ter!e"ic+( este ace"a 7#tri?it c+ruia c#&u%itatea e?reiasc+( 7re#cu7at+9K; :% &#d 8iresc( de c#%stituirea u%ui stat Israe"( cu u% terit#riu 7r#7riu( ar 8i ?i*at( ca terit#riu a" acestui stat( # 7arte di% terit#riu" r#&'%esc\I.( i!ide& QDa acea dat+( :% 5133( acest 7"a% a" c+rui sus$i%+t#r te%ace 8usese ?estitu" &i%istru Rde i%ter%e a" Era%$eiS9K; Ad#"7he Crb&ieu= 9521C.5880;( a?ea # ?echi&e de a7r#a7e u% sec#"\ A-a se e=7"ic+( sus$i% u%ii( 7resiu%i"e 8+cute asu7ra R#&'%iei -i "a C#%8eri%$a i%ter%a$i#%a"+ de "a Ber"i% 95828;( -i "a aris 9du7+ 7ri&u" r+*!#i &#%dia";( 7e%tru ca R#&'%ia s+ acce7te :%cet+$e%irea %ec#%di$i#%at+ a #ric+rui e?reu care ar 8i ?rut s+ se sta!i"easc+ :% R#&'%ia. DeNa :%s+( 7e c+i "e0a"e sau a"t&i%teri( :% R#&'%ia de du7+ 5830( s.au scurs i&7#rta%te e8ecti?e u&a%e e?reie-ti( di% Rusia -i #"#%ia :%de#se!i( a" c+r#r %u&+r a&e%i%$a s+ 7u%+ :% cu&7+%+ caracteru" r#&'%esc a" u%#r i&7#rta%te su7ra8e$e di% terit#riu" %a$i#%a". Ora-e"e &#"d#?e%e-ti( :% 8ru%te cu Ia-ii( erau deNa "#cuite ca& t#ate de # 7#7u"a$ie &aN#ritar e?reiasc+. Cu& 7ica :% acest c#%te=t i%trarea :% $ar+ a :%c+ 300.000 de e?rei( e u-#r s+ %e i&a0i%+&\ Di% 7+cate si%0urii care au reac$i#%at 28

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9iar reac$ia "#r %u a i&a0i%at cea &ai 8ericit+ s#"u$ie; au 8#st "e0i#%arii. Ce"e"a"te 8#r&a$iu%i 7#"itice %u au a?ut %i&ic de #!iectat. Di% 7artea "e0i#%ari"#r( 0e%era"u" Ca%tacu*i%#.Gr+%iceru" i.a 8+cut # ?i*it+ 7ri&. &i%istru"ui acas+ -i( :% ?irtutea 8a7tu"ui c+ se cu%#-teau -i se 7re$uiau di%t#tdeau%a( 9K;".a a?erti*at/ LGhi$+( s+ -tii c+ dac+ se&%e*i i%trarea :% $ar+ a 300.000 de e?rei( !+ie$ii 9adic+ "e0i#%arii @ %. I.C#Na.; te :&7u-c+\M Ge%era"u"( a-adar( %u s.a 7"'%s de %edre7tatea care "i se 8+cea "e0i#%ari"#r 7ri% des8ii%$area 7artidu"ui "#r( :&7iedic'%du.i s+ se 7re*i%te "a a"e0eri"e de 7este c'te?a *i"e. Ci i.a 8+cut "ui Duca # cerere 7e care ar 8i tre!uit s.# sus$i%+ -i ce"e"a"te 7artide( c+ci i%trarea a 300.000 de a"#0e%i( i%di8ere%t de %a$i#%a"itatea acest#ra( era # &+sur+ i%acce7ta!i"+ :% %u&e"e ce"#r &ai e"e&e%tare i%terese %a$i#%a"eI.( i!ide& QS#ra "ui I.G. Duca9K; a re7r#dus cu?i%te"e 7e care "e.a r#stit I.G. Duca( :%t#rs acas+( du7+ ce a se&%at 7e%tru :%cet+$e%irea ce"#r 300.000 de e?rei/ LMi.a& se&%at c#%da&%area "a &#arte\M E cu&7"it -i %a-te # &u"$i&e de :%tre!+ri 8a7tu" c+ I.G. Duca a se&%at acea c#%?e%$ie 9sau ce.# 8i 8#st;( -tii%d !i%e ce i se ?a :%t'&7"a -i( &ai a"es( -tii%d !i%e c't r+u aduce ast8e" F+rii -i Nea&u"ui s+u. De ce a se&%at I.G. Duca< Si%0uru" r+s7u%s 7"au*i!i" r+&'%e ace"a c+ I.G. Duca :-i asu&ase a%u&ite #!"i0a$ii de su7u%ere -i ascu"tare %ec#%di$i#%at+( 7e care %u era chi7 s+ "e :%ca"ceI...( i!ide& Oricu&( Qasasi%atu" 7#"itic %u a 8#st i%?e%tat de "e0i#%ari\ Dar este e?ide%t c+ "e0i#%arii su%t acu*a$i 7e%tru aceste asasi%ate cu # i%siste%$+ -i cu # strate0ie a de*i%8#r&+rii at't de !i%e 7us+ "a 7u%ct :%c't tre!uie s+ %e :%tre!+& ce a%u&e su7+r+ :% &#d s7eci8ic -i 7e ci%e :% 8a7tu" c+ "e0i#%arii( 7e 7arcursu" a9K; 20 de a%i9K; s+?'r-iser+ c'te?a asasi%ate 9Ma%ciu( Duca( Ste"escu( Ar&a%d C+"i%escu -i...ca& Lat'tM;( iar :&7#tri?a "#r aut#rit+$i"e( su!"i%ie*/ aut#rit+$i"e( #c#"i%d "e0ea( :%c+"c'%d.# chiar( uciseser+ cu de "a si%e ?#ie( a re0e"ui -i a *!iri"#r 7#"i$iei -i di% 0u?er%( 7este 300 9trei sute; de ti%eri care( ca 7ers#a%+( ca i%di?id( %u s+?'r-iser+ %ici # i%8rac$iu%e( %ici # 8+r+de"e0e. Se uit+ "ucru" acesta sau este c#&7"et %ecu%#scut de cei care :i c#%sider+ &ai de7arte 7e "e0i#%ari %i-te asasi%i 7ri% e=ce"e%$+( adic+ 7ri% &e%ta"itate -i 7ri% 7r#0ra& 7#"itic. 21 Mai su%t #are "e0i#%arii( "a acest Lsc#rM at't de cate0#ric( 300.4( &ai su%t ei asasi%ii s'%0er#-i -i !e*&etici 7e care %i.i 7re*i%t+ 8e" de 8e" de ist#rici -i 7u!"ici-ti care uit+ cu c#%sec?e%$a cea &ai stra%ie s+ a&i%teasc+ circu&sta%$e"e9K; :% care ace-tia s.au si&$it #!"i0a$i s+ recur0+ "a 8#r&a su7re&+ de a7+rare<\I( i!ide&( 7a0. 24 Nu cu&?a( 7recu& a?erti*ea*+ er!a% Suru( Q7#ate9K; cei di% 8ru%tea $+rii %u ?#r s+ se cu%#asc+ ist#ria rea"+( c+ci( de.a!ia atu%ci #a&e%ii de r'%d se ?#r 7utea 7r#teNa :&7#tri?a re7et+rii ist#riei -i( # ase&e%ea 7#si!i"itate( c#%duc+t#rii %#-tri %u # a0reea*+ c+ci 7#ate au de 0'%d s+ Lre7eteM ist#ria( "u'%d e=e&7"e di% trecut atu%ci c'%d se ?#r a8"a "a a%a%0hie. S+ %u uit+& c+ 7e%tru I#% I"iescu a 8#st "a &#d+ :% a%u" 5110 s+ dea ?i%a 7e "e0i#%ari -i s+ s7u%+ c+ :&7#tri?a re0i&u"ui %e#c#&u%ist de atu%ci( &a%i8esta$ii"e 7#7u"are au 8#st de ti7 L"e0i#%arM . :% se%su" r+u a" cu?'%tu"uiI.( er!a% Suru( Adres+ c+tre aut#rit+$i...( :% O!iecti? De0i#%ar( %r.38.31( Se7te&!rie. Oct#&!rie 200C( 7a0. 5( RO.D. 38.31S S+ %u uit+&( ?#r!a "ui I#% C#Na( c+( Qce tr+i& %#i a*i sea&+%+ destu" de !i%e cu ce se :%t'&7"a :% R#&'%ia a%i"#r V30. Nu&ai c+ atu%ci era &ai e?ide%t 7eric#"u" di% a8ar+( a" de*a0re0+rii R#&'%iei Mari. Acest 7eric#" %u a- *ice c+ a*i este &ai &ic( sau c+ %u e=ist+\ Di&7#tri?+\ Este 7#ate &ai &are ca.% a%ii V30( dar este &u"t &ai discret( &ai !i%e disi&u"at su! 8e"urite "#*i%ci -i structuri eur#7e%i*a%te( u*'%d de ar&e &ai e8icie%te dec't ce"e a8"ate :% d#tarea ar&ate"#r( cu& ar 8i ar&a 8i%a%ciar+ sau ar&a 7sih#"#0ic+I.( I#% C#Na( art.cit.( 7a0. 23 A7r#7#( :%trea!+ ret#ric Nicad#r Ze"ea C#drea%u/ QCare erau atu%ci R(:% a%ii V30(S du-&a%ii dec"ara$i ai De0iu%ii -i i&7"icit ai 7r#s7erit+$ii R#&'%iei -i ai r#&'%i"#r< #"iticia%is&u"( c#ru7$ia( s7#"ierea !#0+$ii"#r $+rii -i 7au7eri*area &aN#rit+$ii *dr#!it#are a r#&'%i"#r( asa"tu" ec#%#&ic a" str+i%i"#r( cu&7+r'%d t#tu" 7e %i&ic( :%r#!i%d !ietu" r#&'% 7e sa"arii de su7ra?ie$uire( des7+durirea &u%$i"#r R#&'%iei :% 8#"#su" u%#r ?e%etici( tra%s8#r&area r#&'%i"#r :%tr.u% 7#7#r de !#"%a?i dat#rit+ &i*eriei creat#are de !#"i s#cia"e -i a asiste%$ei s#cia"e de d#u+ 7ara"e\ Ate%$ie( ?i se 7are cu%#scut<9K; Ce ?i se 7#ate 7+rea de7+-it<I( Nicad#r Ze"ea C#drea%u( Des7re %i-te re8#r&at#ri( :% Cu?'%tu" De0i#%ar( A% III( %r.3C( au0ust 200C( 7a0. 3

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80 c#%ce%trea*+ :% ase&e%ea reac$ii 7ur e=teri#are de %atur+ e7ider&ic+. Re?#"u$ia "e0i#%ar+ "ucrea*+ :% su!stratu" i&7#%dera!i" a" su8"etu"ui( ac#"# u%de reac$ii"e su%t :% &are 7arte de %atur+ a8ecti?+( dar a&estecate cu e8#rt re8"e=i?I86. i de-i Qca :% #rice re?#"u$ie( se :%cearc+ # schi&!are radica"+ s#cia"+9K;( &ase"e %u &ai su%t :%de&%ate s+ &ear0+ "a acte -i 0esturi %ec#%tr#"ate( %u &ai su%t :%d#7ate cu "#*i%ci 7urt+t#are de ur+( %u &ai su%t diriNate s7re de*"i7irea su8"eteasc+ de %a$iu%ea di% care 8ac 7arteI8C. Iar Qc#%ce7$ia "e0i#%ar+ de7+-e-te sc#7u" i&ediat a" u%ei reu-ite c#%crete de :%"+turare a u%ei c"ase s#cia"e 7ri% a"taI82( re?#"u$ia :%te&eiat+ 7e ea "u'%d Q:% c#%sidera$ie ?iit#ru" :%tre0ii %a$iu%i( ar&#%ia -i !u%+starea s#cia"+ a tutur#r c"ase"#rI88. QNu se 7rec#%i*ea*+ ?i#"e%$a( %u se ur&+re-te distru0erea uti"u"ui e=7eri&e%tat( %u se i%si%uea*+ des7ri%derea i%di?idu"ui de c#%te=tu" %a$i#%a"(

Dac+ %i&ic( are cu?'%tu" er!a% Suru/ QR@S Ter#ris&u" de stat este ce" &ai :%8i#r+t#r( ce" &ai distru0+t#r ti7 de ter#ris&( c+ci cet+$e%ii su%t "a discre$ia 8#r$e"#r Statu"ui( 8#r$e care :% "#c s+ :i a7ere( :i t#rturea*+ -i :i ucidI9er!a% Suru( I%?ita$ie "a C#%8eri%$a cu tit"u" L20 de a%i de ter#ris& :% R#&'%ia &#der%+ . :%ce7utu"...M( $i%ut+ "a Sa"a Da""es di% Bd. Nic#"ae B+"cescu( %r. 58( sect#r 5( Bucure-ti( :% data de 20.01.200C( :%tre #re"e 58.20. Te=tu" se re0+se-te :% RO.D. 38.31S( 7a0. 2;( Q7ractic'%d ter#area de stat ca &et#d+ de a%ihi"are a ad?ersari"#r 7#"itici -i de su7u%ere t#ta"+ a 7#7u"a$ieiI.( i!ide& Ciu"esc urechea... 86 Eaust Br+descu( #7.cit.( 7a0. 64 8C i!ide&( 7a0. 66 82 i!ide& 88 i!ide& 85 %u se 7r#7#?+duie-te 8ericirea -i !u%+starea 7ri% des7ri%derea de Du&%e*eu81I10. A-a se e=7"ic+ de ce %ici Qdu7+ R&ai &u"t deS trei s8erturi de sec#"( s7ai&a du-&a%i"#r :% 8a$a i%?i%ci!i"it+$ii s7iritua"e a edi8iciu"ui "e0i#%ar %u a :%cetat/ s.a tra%s&is c#7ii"#r -i %e7#$i"#r( ase&e%i u%ei &#-te%iri( ast8e" :%c't de?i%e re"ati? si&7"u s+ ide%ti8ici u% du-&a% a" %ea&u"ui r#&'%esc sau u% ari?ist 90ra!+ -i *e" sus7ect :% a de%atura -i sti0&ati*a "e0i#%aris&u";. De-i %u&+ru" "e0i#%ari"#r actua"i este i%8i&( de-i ti%eretu" de a*i 7re*i%t+ certitudi%ea c+ %u 7#ate ur&a ca"ea e"itei i%ter!e"ice( de-i "iteratura L?erdeM c#%stituie # raritate( c#ru" de%i0r+ri"#r %u :%cetea*+. Dar 7e%tru "e0i#%ari L%u e=ist+ :%8r'%0ere -i de*ar&are( c+ci 8#r$a a"e c+rei u%e"te ?re& %#i s+ 8i& e eter% i%?i%ci!i"+M9I#% M#$a @ Da Ic#a%+( 5122; -i LChiar dac+ a c+*ut C+7ita%u"( a r+&as &et#da\MI15. QAr&ate"e ce"e &ai e8icace di% "u&e su%t se&i%$e"eI12. QC#r%e"iu C#drea%u %.a 7us 7r#!"e&a R#&'%iei i&ediate( a R#&'%iei &#der%e sau c#%te&7#ra%e. Era &u"t 7rea 7u$i%. Nu s.ar 8i 7#tri?it %ici di&e%siu%ii ?i*iu%ii sa"e( -i %ici a-te7t+ri"#r %#astre. E" a 7us 7r#!"e&a :% ter&e%i u"ti&i( :% t#ta"itatea de?e%irii %a$i#%a"e. E" %.a ?rut s+ :%dre7te &i*eria a7r#=i&ati?+ a c#%di$iei %#astre( ci s+

81 QRe?#"u$ia "e0i#%ar+ are "#c :% ti&7( 7ri%tr.# 0'%dire ce ia :% c#%sidera$ie sta!i"irea u%ei ar&#%ii 0e%era"e -i a ce%tru"ui de rea"i*are :% su8"etu" i%di?idu"ui( iar %u :% i*!uc%irea u%ei r+*?r+tiri s'%0er#aseI.( i!ide&( 7a0. C0 10 i!ide& 15 Nic#"eta C#dri%( Cu?'%t :%ai%te "a ?#"u&u" C#%sta%ti% a7a%ace( Sti"u" "e0i#%ar de "u7t+. C#%ce7$ia tactic+ a C+7ita%u"ui( Editura Duc&a%( Bucure-ti( 2004( 7a0. 56 12 Ducia% B"a0a( Car%e$e"u" %e0ru( :% ?#"u&u" Ducia% B"a0a( A8#ris&e( Te=t sta!i"it -i :%0riNit de M#%ica Ma%u( Editura )u&a%itas( Bucure-ti( 2005( 7a0. 221 82 i%tr#duc+ A!s#"utu" :% res7ira$ia *i"%ic+ a R#&'%iei. Nu # re?#"u$ie a &#&e%tu"ui ist#ric( ci u%a a ist#rieiI13.

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P% "e0i#%aris&( Qideea de !a*+ a re?#"u$i#%+rii e=iste%$ei u&a%e %u este %ici "i!ertatea -i( :% %ici u% ca* aut#ritatea. LMi-carea De0i#%ar+ %u se :%te&eia*+ R:%S e=c"usi?RitateS %ici 7e 7ri%ci7iu" aut#rit+$ii( %ici 7e ce" a" "i!ert+$ii. Ea :-i are te&e"ii"e :%8i7te :% 7ri%ci7iu" dra0#stei. P% e" :-i au r+d+ci%i"e at't aut#ritatea( c't -i "i!ertateaM9C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u( De0iu%ea 7e%tru su7ra?ie$uirea 8ii%$ei %a$i#%a"e( 7a0. 61;. Este ?#r!a des7re aceea-i dra0#ste 7r#7#?+duit+ de 7ri&ii cre-ti%i( este dra0#stea di%tre Christ#s -i a7#st#"i. Dra0#stea "e0i#%ar+ %u este desti%at+ u%#r a%u&i$i #a&e%i di%tr.u% s7a$iu -i ti&7 dat( ea este desti%at+ :%tre0u"ui %ea& r#&'%escI14. Aceasta e=7"ic+ de ce Q:% ti&7 ce t#ate re?#"u$ii"e su%t 7#"itice( re?#"u$ia "e0i#%ar+ este s7iritua"+ -i cre-ti%+. P% ti&7 ce t#ate re?#"u$ii"e c#%te&7#ra%e au ca sc#7 cucerirea 7uterii de c+tre # c"as+ s#cia"+ sau de c+tre u% #&( re?#"u$ia "e0i#%ar+ are dre7t $i%t+ su7re&+/ &'%tuirea %ea&u"ui( :&7+carea %ea&u"ui r#&'%esc cu Du&%e*eu9K;I16. QDe aceea se%su" Mi-c+rii De0i#%are se de#se!e-te de t#t ce s.a 8+cut 7'%+ ast+*i :% ist#rieI1C/ Q%ici#dat+ cu?'%tu" M'%tuit#ru"ui %.a 8#st :%$e"es ca # re?#"u$ie a 8#r$e"#r su8"ete-ti :&7#tri?a 7+cate"#r -i a s"+!iciu%i"#r 13 E&i" Ci#ra%( r#8i"u" i%teri#r a" C+7ita%u"ui( :% G"asu" str+&#-esc( Si!iu( a%u" BI( %r. 50 di% 26 dece&!rie 5140. Te=tu" se re0+se-te :% cu"e0erea ( Mi-carea De0i#%ar+ :% te=te #ri0i%a"e -i i&a0i%i( Editura Duc&a%( Bucure-ti( 8.a.( 7a0. 522 RM.D.T.O.I.S 14 Ce*ari%a B+r*#i( Charis&a "ui C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u. ers7ecti?+ "e0i#%ar+( IB( :% er&a%e%$e( a%u" BII( %r. 55.52( %#ie&!rie.dece&!rie 2004( 7a0. 51 16 Mircea E"iade( De ce cred :% !irui%$a Mi-c+rii De0i#%are( :% Bu%a Bestire( a%u" I( %r. 244 di% 52 dece&!rie 5132. Te=tu" se re0+se-te :% cu"e0erea ( LD#saru"M Mircea E"iade( ?#". B( 9513C. 5144;( Z#s 8arsa\( 7artea a d#ua( Cu?'%t :%ai%te -i cu"e0ere de te=te de Mircea )a%d#ca( Editura Curtea Beche( Bucure-ti( 2005( 7a0. 265 RD.M.E..Z.E.7.IIS 1C i!ide&( 7a0. 265( 262 83 c+r%iiI12. QO re?#"u$ie s7iritua"+ care "u7t+ :% 7ri&u" r'%d :&7#tri?a 7+catu"ui -i %e?red%icieiI18. O re?#"u$ie a c+rei !irui%$+ Q?a crea u% #& %#uI11( Q%+scut di%tr.u% des+?'r-it 7ri&at a" s7iritu"ui :&7#tri?a te&7#ra"u"ui( di%tr.# !irui%$+ a duhu"ui :&7#tri?a c+r%iiI500. QDe0i#%aru" %u &ai tr+ie-te "a :%t'&7"are. Bia$a "ui are u% se%s 7recis -i &aN#r/ re?#"u$ia cre-ti%+( &'%tuirea %ea&u"ui r#&'%escI505. QSti"u" de ?ia$+ "e0i#%ar :%"+tur+ t#t ceea ce este i%uti"( e=teri#r( #r%a&e%ta"( :%"+tur+ t#t ceea ce a creat str'&! -i :&7#?+r+t#r # &e%ta"itate -i # si&$ire :&!+tr'%it+( sti"u" "e0i#%ar :%"+tur+ t#t ceea ce ast+*i( ca -i. % a"te e7#ci ase&+%+t#are( su! 7rete%$ie de ci?i"i*a$ie -i ra8i%a&e%t( des8i0urea*+ chi7u" #&u"ui -i :" :%de7+rtea*+ de %atura sa 7r#7rie. Dar ce :%sea&%+ si&7"itate "e0i#%ar+< P%sea&%+ tr+irea ade?+rat+/ #&u" :% "e0i"e #&e%iei sa"e. Si&7"itatea "e0i#%ar+ :%sea&%+ "i%ie drea7t+( :%sea&%+ ad'%ci&e( :%sea&%+ asce*+502. Ea decur0e di%tr.# ade?+rat+ tr+ire :% s7iritI503. 12 i!ide&( 7a0. 265 18 i!ide& 11 i!ide&( 7a0. 262 500 i!ide& 505 Mircea E"iade( N#ua arist#cra$ie "e0i#%ar+( :% Bre&ea( a%u" IA( %r. 622 di% 23 ia%uarie 5138. Te=tu" se re0+se-te :% RD.M.E..Z.E.7.IIS( 7a0. 261 502 P%sea&%+.%.tru% cu?'%t CREDINF. QCredi%$+ -i9K; Nert8+I.(Traia% )erse%i( re8a$+ "a ?#"u&u" Traia% )erse%i( Mi-carea De0i#%ar+ -i &u%cit#ri&ea( Editura Mi-c+rii De0i#%are( Bucure-ti( 5140( 7a0. 3 Nu.%t'&7"+t#r QMi-carea De0i#%ar+ are credi%$e( %u 7r#0ra&e. De#se!irea e ca :%tre cer -i 7+&'%t. r#0ra&u" e ce?a di% a8ar+( 8+cut a%u&e s+ c'-ti0e 7arti*a%i. E" se asea&+%+ cu r'&a di% u%di$a 7escaru"ui. Cu c't e &ai 0ras+ r'&a( cu at't &ai re7ede se 7ri%de 7e-te"e -i( se :%$e"e0e( cu at't &ai !i%e :i &er0e 7escaru"ui. Cu a"te cu?i%te/ cu c't e &ai dar%ic 7r#0ra&u"( cu at't se "as+ &ai re7ede 84 7+c+"it a"e0+t#ru" -i( se :%$e"e0e( cu at't &ai !i%e "e &er0e 7artide"#r. S7us 7e 8a$+/ 7r#0ra&u" e 8+cut de cei Lde-te7$iM sau L-&echeriM ca s+ a&+0easc+ 7e cei L7r#-tiM :% a"e0eriI. 9Traia% )erse%i( Cu?'%t :%ai%te "a ?#"u&u" Traia% )erse%i( Mi-carea De0i#%ar+ -i $+r+%i&ea( Edi$ia a II.a( Editura Mi-c+rii De0i#%are( Bucure-ti( 5140( 7a0. 3; E si&7t#&atic c+ :% Qc#&7#*i$ia c#&itete"#r e=ecuti?e( ce%tra"e -i Nude$e%e a"e 7artide"#r 7#"itice( di% care se recrutea*+ &i%i-trii -i 7re8ec$ii 0u?er%e"#r -i de7uta$iiI9Traia% Br+i"ea%u( #"itica( Editura( A"!atr#s( Bucure-ti( 2003( 7a0. 356. Edi$ia a I.a( Ti7#0ra8ia Mitr#7#"itu" Si"?estru( Cer%+u$i( 5128;( Q7red#&i%+ ti7u" i%te"ectua"u"ui %e&u"$u&it cu "ea8a sa sau aR"S a?#catu"ui care

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s7er+ s+.-i s7#reasc+ c"ie%te"a -i s+ :%?'rteasc+ a8aceri &ai !u%e de?e%i%d 7re8ect sau de7utatI.( i!ide& Du7+ ce trec a"e0eri"e( 7artide"e -i.au aNu%s sc#7u" -i %u "e &ai 7as+ de %i&ic. C+ci 7#"iticia%u" Lde-te7tM -tie c+ 7'%+ "a a"e0eri"e ?iit#are L7r#stu"M uit+( iar e" are ?re&e s+.-i schi&!e dac+ %u %+ra?u"( ce" 7u$i%... 7r#0ra&u".9Traia% )erse%i( Mi-carea De0i#%ar+ -i $+r+%i&ea( 7a0. 3; QL r#0ra&e"e su%t ?#r!eMI.( i!ide&( 7a0. 3( 4 QCredi%$e"e su%t cu t#tu" a"tce?a. E"e is?#r+sc di%"+u%tru( di% i%i&a -i su8"etu" #&u"ui. Cu u% 7r#0ra& de care %u te $ii( :$i !a$i N#c de a"$ii( cu # credi%$+ 7e care # tr+de*i( :$i !a$i N#c de Du&%e*eu( de su8"etu" -i #&e%ia ta. De aceea credi%$e"e %u se 7#t schi&!a de 7e # *i 7e a"ta -i %ici %u au 7re$ dec't dac+ su%t :%8+7tuite. r#0ra&e"e su%t 8+cute de #a&e%i -i schi&!ate du7+ #a&e%i. Credi%$e"e di&7#tri?+ schi&!+ e"e 7e #a&e%i -i.i ridic+ 7ri% 8ru&use$ea -i ade?+ru" "#r 7'%+ "a e"e. Care di% 7#"iticie%i tr+ie-te du7+ 7r#0ra&u" 7artidu"ui< Care e 0ata s+ &#ar+ 7e%tru acest 7r#0ra&< De0i#%arii :%s+ tr+iesc du7+ credi%$e"e "#r -i su%t 0ata s+.-i de ?ia$a 7e%tru e"e. M#$a -i Mari%( ca s+ %u.i a&i%ti& dec't 7e ei( au &urit :%tru credi%$a "#r "e0i#%ar+. Di% 7rici%a aceasta credi%$e"e %ici %u au r#stu" s+ aduc+ 7arti*a%i( e"e str'%0 %u&ai :% Nuru" ace"uia-i stea0 7e cei care su%t :% stare s+ tr+iasc+ -i s+ &#ar+ 7e%tru e"e. Mi-carea De0i#%ar+ are credi%ci#-i( %u 7arti*a%i. Di% ea 8ac 7arte cei care Nert8esc t#tu" 7e%tru $ar+( adic+ 7e%tru &'%tuirea -i :%+"$area %ea&u"ui r#&'%esc. P% r'%duri"e ei %u i%tr+ cei care cer( cei care u&!"+ du7+ c'-ti0( cei care 8u0 de &u%c+ -i %u se ru-i%ea*+ s+ cer-easc+( ci %u&ai cei care dau( cei care se 7+0u!esc 7e ei 7e%tru &+rirea %ea&u"ui.9i!ide&( 7a0. 4; e scurt( QMi-carea De0i#%ar+ %u 7r#&ite -i %u #8er+ %i&+%ui %i&ic. Ea c#%stituie # #r0a%i*a$ie :% care ce" care i%tr+ d+ t#tu" -i %u cere :% schi&! %i&icI.( ide&( 7re8.cit.( 7a0. 3 86 QC+7ita%u" De0iu%ii %.a s7us %ici#dat+/ L?e%i$i 8ra$i"#r cu &i%e( c+ ?+ dau &area cu sarea -i ceru" cu 7aseri"eM cu& au s7us9K; t#$i c#%duc+t#rii de 7artide di% R#&'%ia( ci s7u%e/ Leu a& "uat :% s7ate crucea su8eri%te"#r r#&'%e-ti -i urc dru&u" care 7ri% Nert8+ %e duce "a !irui%$+K . ci%e se crede :% stare s+ :%dure t#ate chi%uri"e acestea s+ ?i%+ cu &i%eM. Iar c'%d a 8#st :%tre!at de 7r#0ra&( C+7ita%u" a r+s7u%s/ LS+ d+& t#t ce a?e& 7e%tru %ea&u" %#stru( "u7t'%d di% t#ate 7uteri"e :&7#tri?a tutur#r ace"#ra ce." 8ur+( e=7"#atea*+ -i de*#%#rea*+( a&e%i%$'%du.i e=iste%$aM 926 Oct. 513C;. De aceea :% Nuru" s+u %.au ce c+uta "iche"e"e( %.au ce c+uta %e#a&e%ii. Chiar dac+ ?reu%u" di%tre ace-tia :%dr+*%e-te s+ se a7r#7ie( 8u0e :%dat+ ce d+ de 0reu( L8u0e ca dracu" de t+&'ieMI.( i!ide&( 7a0. 6 De aceea( Q:% De0iu%e %i&e%i %u se uit+ dac+ e-ti s+rac( dac+ ai hai%e r#ase( dac+ e-ti si&7"u &u%cit#r cu *iua sau e-ti &are !#0+ta-. Aici %u se 7u%e 7re$ dec't 7e credi%$+( 7e Nert8a adus+( 7e dra0#stea de %ea& -i 7e #&e%ieI.( ide&( Mi-carea De0i#%ar+ -i $+r+%i&ea( 7a0. 52 De aceea Q8ru%ta-ii "e0i#%ari %u se a"e0 du7+ a?ere sau du7+ #a&e%ii 7e care :i atra0 :% 7artid( ci du7+ cur+$e%ia su8"etu"ui( du7+ 7uterea "#r de dra0#ste( de credi%$+ -i de Nert8+ I.( i!ide& De.aceea( Q"e0i#%aris&u" :%curaNea*+ -i se :%te&eia*+ 7e "i!ertate. Bii :% "e0i#%aris& 7e%tru c+ e-ti "i!er( 7e%tru c+ te.ai h#t+r't s+ de7+-e-ti cercuri"e de 8ier a"e deter&i%is&u"ui !i#"#0ic 98rica de &#arte( de su8eri%$+( etc.; -i a"e deter&i%is&u"ui ec#%#&ic 98rica de a r+&'%e 7e dru&uri;. Ce" di%t'i 0est a" "e0i#%aru"ui este u% 0est de t#ta"+ "i!ertate/ e" :%dr+*%e-te s+ se ru7+ de t#ate "a%$uri"e r#!iei sa"e s7iritua"e( !i#"#0ice -i ec#%#&ice. Nici u% deter&i%is& e=teri#r %u." &ai 7#ate i%8"ue%$a. P% c"i7a c'%d s.a h#t+r't s+ 8ie "i!er( t#ate s7ai&e"e -i t#ate c#&7"e=e"e de i%8eri#ritate dis7ar ca 7ri% 8ar&ec. Ce" care i%tr+ :% De0iu%e( :&!rac+ 7e%tru t#tdeau%a c+&a-a &#r$ii. Asta :%sea&%+/ "e0i#%aru" se si&te at't de "i!er( :%c't %ici &#artea %u." &ai :%s7+i&'%t+I. 9Mircea E"iade( Di!ertate( :% Ic#%ar( Cer%+u$i( a% III( 5132 %r. 6. Te=tu" se re0+se-te :% ?#"u&u"( Mircea E"iade( Te=te"e L"e0i#%areM -i des7re Lr#&'%is&M( Editura Dacia( C"uN.Na7#ca( 2005( 7a0. C8; QLCe" care -tie s+ &#ar+ %u ?a 8i r#! %ici#dat+M. i %u e ?#r!a %u&ai de r#!ia et%ic+ sau 7#"itic+( ci( :% 7ri&u" r'%d( de r#!ia s7iritua"+. Dac+ e-ti 0ata s+ &#ri( %u te &ai 7#ate r#!i %ici # 8ric+( %ici # s"+!iciu%e( %ici # ti&iditate. P&7+c'%du.te cu 0'%du" &#r$ii( ati%0i cea &ai t#ta"+ "i!ertate care :i este :%0+duit+ #&u"ui 7e 7+&'%tI.( i!ide& 8C QDe0iu%ea %u "u7t+ c#%tra cui?a( "u7t+ 7e%tru ce?a/ 7e%tru ?a"#ri"e s7iritua"eI504. Iar "e0i#%arii Q%u &er0 7e dru&u" "#r( ci 7e dru&u" %a$iei( care e a" &'%tuirii 7e%tru c+ 7e e" str+Nuie-te Du&%e*euI506. QLOri :%?i%0e& #ri &uri&M %u e %u&ai u% re8re% de c'%tec "e0i#%ar( ci :%su-i 7ri%ci7iu" acestei &i-c+ri care( :% a8ar+ de aceea a "ui A?ra& Ia%cu( este si%0ura cu ade?+rat re?#"u$i#%ar+ :% ist#ria %#astr+I50C. QAst8e" t#$i cei care ?#r L:%?iereaM %ea&u"ui r#&'%esc( tre!uie s+ ?rea t#t#dat+ re?#"u$ia "e0i#%ar+ 7er&a%e%t+I502. QLGarda de EierM este u"ti&a re*er?+ aru%cat+ :% "u7t+ de ?#i%$a de a %u &uri a %ea&u"uiI508. Iar dac+( Qe ade?+rat( 7#t 8i -i di%tre "e0i#%ari u%ii care s+ 8i r+&as "a &e%ta"itatea 7#"itic+ sau "a cea haiduceasc+I9C#%sta%ti% N#ica( Di&7e*iri 7e%tru # R#&'%ie "e0i#%ar+( :% Bu%a Bestire( a%u" IB( seria a II.a( %r. 21 di% 55

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#ct#&!rie 5140. C#%8eri%$+ $i%ut+ "a Radi# :% seara de 6 #ct#&!rie 5140( a7ud site.u" Eu%da$iei Ge#r0e Ma%u;/ Qei su%t :%t'r*ia$ii Mi-c+rii sau9K; structura" i%a7$i de a 7r#0resa # dat+ cu ea. De aceea %u Nudeca$i Mi-carea du7+ cei care %u stau dec't "a 7eri8eria ei( ci du7+ cei !u%i( care %+*uiesc s+ 8ie :%c+ -i &ai !u%i( -i stau ca atare :% i%i&a ei. Dac+ ?e$i s7u%e/ LA& ?+*ut u% "e0i#%ar 8+c'%d cutare ac$iu%e %e?red%ic+M( %u ?e$i :%$e"e0e ce este de :%$e"es. C'%d :%s+ ?e$i ?edea @ -i." 7ute$i ?edea @ u% "e0i#%ar care :%c+ %u e &u"$u&it cu si%e( atu%ci ?e$i 8i ?+*ut ce?a di% De0iu%ea :%s+-i. Be$i 8i ?+*ut u&!ra "ui C#r%e"iu C#drea%u -i a "ui M#$aK "u&i%a "ui C#r%e"iu C#drea%u -i a "ui M#$aI.( i!ide& 503 Er%est Ber%ea( Sti" "e0i#%ar( Ti7#0ra8ia Buc#?i%a( I.E. T#r#u$iu( Bucure-ti( 5132K reeditare Sa"*!ur0( C#"ec$ia O&u" N#u( 5163 RS.D.S( a7ud site.u" Eu%da$iei Ge#r0e Ma%u. 504 C#%sta%ti% N#ica( Di&7e*iri 7e%tru # R#&'%ie "e0i#%ar+( a7ud site.u" Eu%da$iei Ge#r0e Ma%u 506 Nae I#%escu( Su! se&%u" Arha%0he"u"ui( :% Bu%a Bestire( a%u" I( %r. 500 di% 22 iu%ie 5132( a7ud site.u" Eu%da$iei Ge#r0e Ma%u. 50C Nichi8#r Crai%ic( Re?#"u$ia "e0i#%ar+( a7ud site.u" Eu%da$iei Ge#r0e Ma%u 502 i!ide& 508 i!ide& 82 Ea di8er+ ese%$ia" at't de 8ascis& c't -i de %a$i#%a". s#cia"is&K c+r#ra( t#tde#dat+( "e este %et su7eri#ar+. QDe#se!irea di%tre 8ascis& -i %a$i#%a".s#cia"is& R(7e de # 7arte(S -i Mi-carea De0i#%ar+ R(7e de cea"a"t+(S este as7ectu" 8u%da&e%ta" re"i0i#s a" Mi-c+rii De0i#%are( re"i0i#s cre-ti%( ceea ce %u era ca*u" %ici "a 8asci-ti( %ici "a %a$i#%a".s#cia"i-ti. Erau "aici*a$i -i 8asci-tii -i %a$i#%a". s#cia"i-tiiI501.( i!ide& QSti"u" "e0i#%ar este sti"u" r#&'%esc de a 8i( este sti"u" de ?ia$+ a" acestui %ea& care are u% 7+&'%t a" s+u( u% cer -i u% Du&%e*eu a" s+u( care are u% desti% 7r#7riu :% ist#ria %ea&uri"#r. E" ?a :%?i%0e ca ce?a 8iresc( :% "u7ta ce se d+ ast+*i :%tre ce"e d#u+ "u&iI550.

501 S7re 7i"d+/ QP%tr.# :%tru%ire( Muss#"i%i s.a uitat "a ceas -i a s7us LPi dau u"ti&atu& "ui Du&%e*eu ca :% c'te?a &i%ute s+ &+ tr+*%easc+ dac+ e=ist+\M i.a7#i s.a uitat RiarS "a ceas. Au trecut &i%ute"e -i a de&#%strat c+ Du&%e*eu %u e=ist+I.( etre Fu$ea( Muss#"i%i s.a uitat "a ceas -i i.a dat u"ti&atu& "ui Du&%e*eu( :% Cu?'%tu"( %u&ere"e 556( 55C( 552( 558( 53 dece&!rie 5110( i%ter?iu rea"i*at de )#ria Sa"c+. Te=tu" se re0+se-te :% RC.Z.C.E.S.S( 7a0. 220 Iar )it"er( c#%sidera re"i0ia ca %i&ic a"tce?a dec't u% si&7"u i%stru&e%t de &#ra"i*are a &asei. Mei% [a&78/ QP% aceast+ "u&e #&e%easc+ %u 7#ate 8i c#%ce7ut+ su7ra?ie$uirea e8ecti?+ a u%ui sc#7 re"i0i#s. Marea &as+ a 7#7#ru"ui %u este a"c+tuit+ di% 8i"#s#8i( #ri( 7e%tru &as+ credi%$a este adesea si%0ura !a*+ a u%ei c#%ce7$ii &#ra"e des7re "u&e. Di8erite"e &iN"#ace de :%"#cuire %u s.au d#?edit at't de &u"$u&it#are :%c't s+ se 7#at+ ?edea :% e"e :%"#cuit#rii c#%8esiu%i"#r re"i0i#ase cure%te. Dar dac+ :%?+$+&'%tu" -i credi%$a se s7riNi%+ :% &#d e8icace 7e 7+turi"e ce"e &ai :%ti%se( atu%ci aut#ritatea i%c#%testa!i"+ a c#%$i%utu"ui acestei credi%$e tre!uie s+ 8ie te&e"ia #ric+rei ac$iu%i e8icace. D#0&e"e su%t 7e%tru re"i0ii ceea ce su%t "e0i"e c#%stitu$i#%a"e 7e%tru stat/ 8+r+ e"e( a"+turi de c'te?a sute de &ii de #a&e%i sus.7u-i care ar 7utea tr+i :%$e"e7t -i i%te"i0e%t( a"te &i"i#a%e %.ar 7utea s.# 8ac+I.( Ad#"8 )it"er( Mei% [a&78( Edi$ie :% "i&!a r#&'%+( Editura aci8ica( Bucure-ti( 5113( 7a0. 58C( 582 550 Er%est Ber%ea( RS.D.S 88 QSu%t d#u+ 8e"uri R9atitudi%i;S de a 7ri?i ist#ria/ cea #rie%ta"+( care se :%de7+rtea*+ de ist#rie -i cea #ccide%ta"+( care uit+ c+ &ai e -i u% cer. A&'%d#u+ su%t u%i"atera"e. P% atitudi%ea #rie%ta"+( ist#ria se a%e&ia*+ sau se i%si0%i8ia*+( :% cea #ccide%ta"+( ist#ria se de0radea*+( 8ii%dc+ de?i%e d#ar "#cu" u%#r a!s#"uturi su!iecti?e( ca7rici#ase( "aice( e&7irice( :%-e"+t#are #ri chiar sata%ice( "e0ate de i%sti%cte 7ur #&e%e-ti. P% a&!e"e ca*uri ist#ria decade. Ceea ce tre!uie e( deci # si%te*+ de cer -i de ist#rie( # ?a"idare &a=i&+ a ist#riei( dar :%tr.# ierarhi*are "a ca7+tu" c+reia s+ 8ie :%$e"esuri"e -i tai%e"e au0uste a"e &eta8i*iciiI555. QIst#ria &are su! se&%u" Crucii( a" tra%sce%de%tu"uiI552. QA!s#"utu"9K; e de ese%$+ re"i0i#as+I553. QS+ a?e& :%t#tdeau%a :% ist#rie curaNu"( u%i?ersa"itatea -i a!s#"utu" CruciiI554. QDu7ta &eta8i*ic+ di%tre Arha%0he"is& -i Duci8eric se tra%s7u%e( 9K;7e 7"a% 7+&'%tea%( :% cr'%ce%u" r+*!#i 7e care "e0i#%aris&u" :" 7#art+ :&7#tri?a :%tu%ericu"ui -i sata%icu"ui de 7retuti%de%i. De0i#%aris&u"9K; %u e( ast8e"( # si&7"+ a!strac$iu%e( # 8ira?+ 8#r&u"+ 7#"itic+( ci u% 8e%#&e% etic -i ist#ric de &are i%te%sitate -i durat+( 0er&i%at( :% ese%$e"e "ui ce"e &ai 7r#8u%de( de u% "u%0 8u"0er &eta8i*icI556.

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555 Basi"e B+%ci"+( Arha%0he"i :% ist#ria r#&'%easc+( artic#" a7+rut :% O&u" N#u( Br+i"a( 5138( a7ud site.u" Eu%da$iei Ge#r0e Ma%u. 552 i!ide& 553 i!ide& 554 i!ide& 556 Radu GTr( O "u&e t'%+r+ -i u% &#&e%t ist#ric( :% ?#"u&u" Radu GTr( Ee&eia :% er#is&u" s7iritua" &#ra"( -i %a$i#%a"( Idei des?#"tate di%tr.# c#%8eri%$+ $i%ut+ "a 8 dece&!rie 5136( :% au"a U%i?ersit+$ii di% Ia-i( su! 7atr#%aNu" Cercu"ui Stude%$esc Tecucea%( Bucure-ti( 8.a.( 7a0. 1( 50 81 QMi-carea De0i#%ar+9K; este cea &ai 7r#8u%d+ re?#"u$ie s7iritua"+ 7e care a cu%#scut.# 7#7#ru" r#&'% de "a cre-ti%area "ui :%c#ace. ri% ad'%ci&ea( ca7acitatea de &u"are 7e rea"it+$i -i 7ere%itatea ei( re?#"u$ia "ui C#r%e"iu C#drea%u este ?a"a!i"+ 7e%tru t#ate %a$iu%i"e care ?#r s+ 7#r%easc+ 7e ca"ea :%cre-ti%+rii e8ecti?eI55C. E#c -i s&ara"d. CU DUMNEZEU PNAINTE\

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55C Ghe#r0he Rac#?ea%u( Mi-carea De0i#%ar+ -i Biserica. O&e%ia -i 8ru&use$ea cea di%t'i( cu # 7re8a$+ de C#%sta%ti% a7a%ace( Editura Sa&i*dat( Ti7aru" e=ecutat de Ti7#0ra8ia A%tet AA ress( Ei"i7e-tii de T'r0( rah#?a( 8.a.( 7a0. 4C 10 Ba ?e%i *iua :% care -i 7ietre"e ?#r ?#r!i ade?+ru"( :% care cartea 8a7te"#r 7etrecute ?a sta deschis+ -i se ?a citi at't de "+&urit( :%c't t#at+ d#ctri%a 7ara"#0is&e"#r %u ?a 8i :% stare s+.i :%tu%ece :%$e"esu". Mihai E&i%escu( LR#&'%u"M c#%ti%u+ -i acu&J(Ti&7u"( 2 %#ie&!rie 5822( :% O7ere ?#". A( Edi$ie critic+ :%te&eiat+ de er7essicius( Editura Acade&iei( Bucure-ti( 5181( 7a0. 3

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C HT DE IRET ROGRADI ESTE MI)AI EMINESCU< 2 r+s7u%suri u%ui 7r#cur#r 9Te=tu" i%te0ra" a" 7reci*+ri"#r 7e care "e.a& 8+cut( asu7ra "ucr+rii TESTAMENTUD ODITIC AD DUI MI)AI EMINESCU @ Editura Cartea U%i?ersitar+( Bucure-ti( 2006 @ :% ca"itate de aut#r a" ei( cu 7ri"eNu" i%ter?iu"ui 7e care d#a&%a Dr. Iri%a Airi%ei( redact#r "a Radi# R#&'%ia Cu"tura"( &i ".a "uat :% *iua de 1 au0ust 2006;

15 REZUMATUD PNTREBRIDOR

I.

E&i%escu aut#r de testa&e%t 7#"itic<

II. Ci%e -i de ce ar a?ea i%teres s+ !"#che*e accesu" 7u!"icu"ui "a scrieri"e 7#"itice a"e "ui Mihai E&i%escu< C#%s7ira$ie &#%dia"+ :&7#tri?a 7#7#ru"ui r#&'%< III. De c'%d este Mihai E&i%escu Du&%e*eu<

IB. Na$iu%ea/ rea"itate et%ic+( adic+ rasia"+< E&i%escu/ &are"e "u&i%+t#r de c#%-tii%$+ h#t+r't de Du&%e*eu 7e%tru r#&'%i< B. BI. E&i%escu/ =e%#8#! -i a%tise&it< Su%te$i a%tise&it<

BII. De ce &are"e 0e%iu a" scrisu"ui( E&i%escu( dac+ a ?rut :%tr. ade?+r s+ "ase 7#sterit+$ii u% testa&e%t( %u -i ".a redactat si%0ur< Care este testa&e%tu" 7#"itic e&i%escia%<

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Sti&a$i ascu"t+t#ri( Desi0ur( %u e # !ucurie( dar %ici u% secret 7e%tru %i&e%i( c+ ti&7u" 7e care %i." 7ute& 7er&ite a." 7etrece h#i%+ri%d 7ri% "i!r+rii este di% ce :% ce &ai 7u$i%. A-a se 8ace c+( atu%ci c'%d reu-i& s+ %e ?ede& aNu%-i 7ri%tre ra8turi"e cu c+r$i( 7ri&e"e( -i 7#ate si%0ure"e( care %e st'r%esc curi#*itatea su%t ce"e cu tit"uri i%cita%te -i c#7erte ?iu c#"#rate. O ast8e" de 7re*e%$+ edit#ria"+ este -i LTesta&e%tu" 7#"itic a" "ui Mihai E&i%escuM( "ucrare a7+rut+ :% aceast+ 7ri&+?ar+ "a editura !ucure-tea%+ Cartea U%i?ersitar+. P&i 7"ace s+ s7er c+ du&%ea?#astr+( tr+i%d ca -i &i%e :%tr.# $ar+ :% care :%c+ di% 7ri&e"e c"ase de -c#a"+ %i s.a ?#r!it &ereu des7re E&i%escu d#ar ca des7re u% &are 7#et( %u &+ ?e$i Nudeca 7rea as7ru dac+ ?+ &+rturisesc -#cu" su8"etesc 7e care &i ".a 7r#?#cat ?ederea acestei c+r$i/ Adic+ cu&< E&i%escu s+ se 8i #cu7at -i de 7#"itic+< i :%c+ %u #ricu&( ci chiar 7e t+r'&u" e"a!#r+ri"#r d#ctri%are< #ate 8i cu 7uti%$+ a-a ce?a< i( dac.# 8i( atu%ci de ce %ici u%u" di% dasc+"ii &ei %u &i.a 7#&e%it %ici#dat+ %i&ic des7re asta< I%tri0at+( a& 7us &'%a 7e te"e8#% -i( du7+ ce.a& "uat de "a I%8#r&a$ii %u&+ru"( a& su%at "a Cartea U%i?ersitar+( ru0'%du.i s+.&i :%"es%easc+ u% dia"#0 cu aut#ru"( d#&%u" d#ct#r :% ec#%#&ie Radu Mihai Cri-a%( 7re*e%t ast+*i( a"+turi de &i%e( :% studi#. D#&%u"e Cri-a%( a$i au*it t#t ceea ce a& s7us -i( cu si0ura%$+( i%tui$i ru0+&i%tea &eaJ A?e$i cu?'%tu".

Mai :%t'i( ?+ &u"$u&esc 7e%tru i%?ita$ie -i ?+ &+rturisesc c+ e&#$ia :&i 0'tuie 0"asu". E&i%escu/ P% 8#arte 7u$i%e cu?i%te s7us( c#%sider c+ "ucrarea Testa&e%tu" 7#"itic a" "ui Mihai . este &esaNu" &i"ita%t e&i%escia%( a"c+tuit di% :%se-i cu?i%te"e "ui Mihai E&i%escu( a-a cu& "e.a :%credi%$at e" eter%it+$ii( 7ri% scrisu" s+u Nur%a"isticK . c#%stituie( de#7#tri?+( at't # a%a"i*+ "ucid+ a ?ie$ii 7#"itice di% R#&'%ia( c't -i # &+rturisire de credi%$+ 8+cut+ de Mihai E&i%escu %ea&u"ui s+uK . de*?+"uie( 8+r+ &e%aNa&e%te( !#"i"e 7#"itice -i ec#%#&ice care &aci%+ #r0a%is&u" $+rii -i 8#r&u"ea*+ direc$ii de ac$iu%e rea"iste( &e%ite s+." :%s+%+t#-easc+.

13 Ru0'%du.?+ s+ Nudeca$i du&%ea?#astr+( 7er&ite$i.&i s+ cite*( "a :%t'&7"are( # si%0ur+ 8ra*+/ QE c"ar c+ u% stat care che"tuie-te 7e%tru 7reti%se %ecesit+$i 7#"itice &ai &u"t dec't 7#ate su7#rta 7r#duc$ia 7#7#ru"ui ?a aNu%0e( 7as cu 7as( "a s+r+cie( 7#s7+it+ cu ?#r!e( dar di% ce :% ce &ai si&$it#are 7ri% tre!ui%$e"e &ii"#r de i%di?i*i 7e care u% siste& 8a"s i.a ridicat( 7re8+c'%du.i :% e=7"#atat#ri ai a?erii 7u!"iceI( 7recu& -i c+( Qs+r+cia e u% i*?#r de re"e 8i*ice -i &#ra"e( care( "a r'%du" "#r( su%t cau*e a"e decade%$ei ec#%#&iceI. I. D#&%u"e Cri-a%( ?+ &+rturisesc c+( 7ers#%a"( des7re E&i%escu -tia& c+ a scris 7#e*ii -i %u?e"e. Chiar de 7e !+%ci"e -c#"ii &i s.a :%ti7+rit 7er&a%e%t e=7resia OETUD Mihai E&i%escu. Atu%ci( de u%de -i 7'%+ u%de :" sc#ate$i du&%ea?#astr+ aut#r de testa&e%t 7#"itic< Sti&at+ d#a&%+ Airi%ei( 0+sesc %edu&erirea du&%ea?#astr+ ca de7"i% Nusti8icat+.

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Da r'%du" &eu( 7'%+ cu c'$i?a a%i :% ur&+( %utrea&( ?icti&+ a u%ei 7r#7a0a%de 7e c't de a!i"e( 7e at't de i%teresate :% 8a"si8icarea ade?+ru"ui( aceea-i c#%?i%0ere. i ca %#i( at'$ia -i at'$ia a"$i se&e%i. S7re %#r#cu" &eu :%s+( :%ce7'%d di% 5118( 7e &+sur+ ce :%ai%ta& :% cercetarea de d#ct#rat( des"u-ea&( :%cet.:%cet( u% cu t#tu" a"t E&i%escu. A-a se 8ace c+ du7+ c#%tactu" a?ut cu 7u!"icistica e&i%escia%+( su%t 8er& c#%?i%s 9-i ar0u&e%tat c#%?i%s; c+ 7ers#%a"itatea creat#are a "ui Mihai E&i%escu :%sea&%+( cu %i&ic &ai 7reN#s dec't 7#etu"/ u% ec#%#&ist 7r#8u%d -i u% s#ci#"#0 de 8i%e$e( :% si&!i#*+ de7"i%+ cu u% 0e%iu 7r#8etic -i cu u% r#&'% aute%tic. i cu& 8ire-te( s#ci#"#0icu" -i ec#%#&icu"( :% i%terde7e%de%$a "#r( deter&i%+ 7#"iticu"( iar acesta( "a r'%du" s+u( "e &#de"ea*+ 7e a&u%d#u+( este de "a si%e :%$e"es c+ #rice i%?esti0a$ie a u%ei rea"it+$i %a$i#%a"e e( 7ri% :%s+-i %atura #!iectu"ui s+u( #!"i0at+ s+ "e i%te0re*e #r0a%ic 7e t#ate trei. A-a a aNu%s E&i%escu 0'%dit#r 7#"itic. i.% treac+t 8ie s7us( t#t a-a a aNu%s -i ec#%#&istu" c+ruia :i ?#r!i$i acu& s+ se L?acci%e*eM( dac+ acce7ta$i e=7resia %eacade&ic+( :% s#ci#"#0ie -i :% 7#"itic+. II. A$i 8#"#sit # e=7resie care &+ i%tri0+/ L7r#7a0a%d+ a!i"+ -i i%teresat+ :% ascu%derea ade?+ru"ui des7re E&i%escuM. Ci%e -i de ce c#%sidera$i c+ ar a?ea i%teres s+ !"#che*e accesu" 7u!"icu"ui "a scrieri"e( 8ie e"e chiar 7#"itice( a"e "ui Mihai E&i%escu< B+ %u&+ra$i( cu&?a( 7ri%tre ade7$ii te#riei #&%i7re*e%tei c#%s7ira$ii &#%dia"e :&7#tri?a 7#7#ru"ui r#&'%< 14 D#a&%a Airi%ei( &ai :%t'i( :%0+dui$i.&i s+ 8ac # 7reci*are "e0at+ de e=7resia 7e care &i.# atri!ui$i/ A& s7us( 7r#7a0a%d+ Li%teresat+ :% 8a"si8icareaM( iar %icidecu& d#ar :% si&7"a ascu%dere a ade?+ru"ui. Ceea ce este -i &ai 0ra?\ E=7"ic. i :&!i% t#t#dat+ e=7"ica$ia cu r+s7u%su" "a ce"e d#u+ :%tre!+ri 7r#7riu.*ise/ P&i 7"ace s+ cred c+ %u su8+r %ici de &a%ia 7ersecu$iei( -i c+ %ici %u ?+d 7retuti%de%i d#ar c#&7"#ti-ti -i c#&7"#turi. Iar cu?i%te"e du&%ea?#astr+ :&i dau se%ti&e%tu" c+ su%te$i # 7ers#a%+ echi"i!rat+( care 0'%de-te cu 7r#7riu.i ca7 -i are &u"t !u% si&$. Deschi*'%d # "ucrare de strate0ie a r+*!#iu"ui( 8ie c#%te&7#ra%+ %#u+( 8ie chiar scris+ :% a%tichitate 9cu& ar 8i !u%+#ar+ cea a "ui Su% T*u;( ?ede& statuat+ ca ese%$ia"+ 7e%tru d#!'%direa ?ict#riei( ide%ti8icarea -i a%ihi"area ce%tru"ui de 0reutate( &ai a"es &#ra".7sih#"#0ic( a" ad?ersaru"ui. Ei !i%e( &ai a"es c'%d e ?#r!a de %ea&uri( acest ce%tru este a"c+tuit( cu 7rec+dere( di% ?a"#ri"e.si&!#" a"e cu"turii %a$i#%a"e( a"+turi de tradi$ii -i de credi%$a re"i0i#as+. ri% ur&are( :&7#tri?a acest#r e"e&e%te( a0res#ru" duce( 7er&a%e%t( # "u7t+ 7e c't de 7er8id+( 7e.at't de %ecru$+t#are. Iar a0resiu%ea( se :%$e"e0e de "a si%e( %u tre!uie s+ 8ie %ea7+rat %ici dec"arat+ -i %ici ar&at+( !a chiar e &ai e8icie%t+ cu c't ?icti&e"e ei # c#%-tie%ti*ea*+ &ai 7u$i%J DehJa"t8e" "e.ar 7utea :%c#"$i :% &i%te d#ri%$a s+ se a7ereJ a"t8e" a0res#ru" ar 7utea su8eri 7ierderi 0re"eJ i.a-a st'%d "ucruri"e( c'%d at't de 8rec?e%t( e&isiu%i te"e?i*ate( 7r#duc$ii radi#8#%ice( 8i"&e( artic#"e de *iar( sau chiar 7ers#a%e 7u!"ice( se :%trec :% a :&7r#-ca cu %#r#i t#t ceea ce este s7eci8ic r#&'%esc( de ce %.a& 8i :%dre7t+$iti( %#i r#&'%ii( s+ %e.%tre!+& dac+ %u cu&?a a0resiu%ea :&7#tri?a %ea&u"ui %#stru este :% 7"i%+ des8+-urare< i( &ai de7arte( dac+ E&i%escu( a-a cu& # serie de cercet+t#ri #%e-ti au de&#%strat( re7re*i%t+ a=a s7iritu"ui r#&'%esc( cu& s+ i%ter7ret+& :%te&%i$area ti&7 de *eci de a%i a scrisu"ui s+u d#ctri%ar( i%c"usi? a u%ei c#%sidera!i"e 7+r$i di% #7era 7#etic+( "a 8#%du" de carte i%ter*is de c+tre # 0u?er%are d#?edit.de*%a$i#%a"i*at#are. Sau cu& s+ :%$e"e0e& &u"$i&ea de !"as8e&ii 7use :% circu"a$ie 7e sea&a "ui( %eade?+ruri care au #tr+?it c#%-tii%$e"e at't#r 0e%era$ii "a r'%d< S+ %e &ai &ir+& #are c+( &aN#ritatea se&e%i"#r %#-tri( "i7si$i de "u&i%a &+rturisit#are a scrieri"#r ec#%#&ice( 7#"itice -i s#cia"e e&i%escie%e( :-i 7ierd !us#"a aut#a7+r+rii i%terese"#r ?ita"e( de?e%i%d 7r+*i u-#are -i 7r#8ita!i"e 7e%tru #rici%e se 7rice7e s+ "e s7ecu"e*e deruta< Ori c+( -i &ai r+u( d'%d %ec#%di$i#%at+ cre*are ca"#&%ii"#r( aNu%0 %u %u&ai s+ se 7ri?e*e de #rice 7re&is+ &+car de a.-i rec+7+ta 7uterea c#&!ati?+( dar :%ce7 s+ urasc+ -i s+ desc#%sidere chiar i*?#ru" de "a care "e.ar 7utea ?e%i re0e%erarea< III. D#&%u"e Cri-a%( :% #7i%ia du&%ea?#astr+( des7re E&i%escu s.au r#stit

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L!"as8e&iiM. Acesta este( du7+ c'te -tiu( u% ter&e% care $i%e de re"i0ie. #t 7ri&i # ast8e" de etichetare d#ar i%?ecti?e"e 0ra?e aduse Di?i%it+$ii. De c'%d este Mihai E&i%escu Du&%e*eu< 16 D#a&%a Iri%a Airi%ei( ad&ir su8"etu" du&%ea?#astr+ 7i#s( care recu%#a-te -i a7+r+ 7ri&atu" i%c#%testa!i" a" Du&%e*eirii. Acestui su8"et( ca -i su8"ete"#r tutur#r se&e%i"#r care %e aud( ?#iesc s+ "e 7reci*e*( di% ca7u" "#cu"ui c+( 7ri% ceea ce.a& s7us -i sus$i% cu t#at+ t+ria( %u i%te%$i#%e* s+ c#%test c'tu-i de 7u$i% &+re$ia -i at#t7uter%icia "ui Du&%e*eu. De cri&a s7iritua"+ a desc#%sider+rii D#&%u"ui( dus+ 7'%+ "a %e0area e=iste%$ei Dui( s.a 8+cut( 7rea destu"( ?i%#?at+ Re%a-terea. Iar cri&a res7ecti?+ a 8#st a-a de "i&7ede de&ascat+ -i de u% E&i%escu( -i de.u% etre Fu$ea sau u% Nae I#%escu( :%c't %.are %ici u% r#st s+ i%sist asu7ra ei. Breau s+ su!"i%ie* :%s+ a"tce?a( a%u&e c+ 8iec+rui %ea&( c+ci Du&%e*eu "e iu!e-te 7e 8iecare de#7#tri?+( Di?i%itatea :i d+ruie-te u% &are "u&i%+t#r de c#%-tii%$+( :%tru7at di% car%ea -i di% s'%0e"e %a$iu%ii :% s"uN!a c+reia :i este h+r+*it s+.-i de?#te*e ?ia$a. "+&ada "ui :%&+%u%chea*+( :% chi7 #r0a%ic( ce"e &ai de sea&+ ca"it+$i -i :%su-iri a"e et%iei 7e care # re7re*i%t+. Asta :" 8ace a7t s+ se ide%ti8ice cu su8"etu" %ea&u"ui s+u -i s+.-i 7#at+ :%de7"i%i &isiu%ea di?i%+. Iar :%truc't( 7e%tru %a$iu%ea r#&'%+( &are"e "u&i%+t#r de c#%-tii%$+ h#t+r't de Du&%e*eu( a?e& t#ate te&eiuri"e s+ 8i& :%credi%$a$i c+ este E&i%escu( :%sea&%+ c+ aceia care se str+duiesc s+.i :%ti%e*e i&a0i%ea( aduc( 7ri% ac$iu%ea "#r( #8e%s+ "ui Du&%e*eu( adic+ !"as8e&ea*+. i.atu%ci( ca s+ e=e&7"i8ic( este sau %u este !"as8e& ac$iu%ea de.a c+uta s+ discredite*i u% ast8e" de #&( 7re*e%t'%du." cu #!sti%a$ie "u&ii dre7t L%e!u%M( -i 8+c'%d( ca s+.$i ias+ 7ase%$a( :% &#d de"i!erat( a!strac$ie de 8a7tu" 9?eri8ica!i" de a"t8e"; c+( :% &ii"e de 7a0i%i a"e #7erei sa"e de.# ?ia$+ %u e=ist+ %ici # c#%tradic$ie "#0ic+<K t#tu"/ 7u!"icistic+( 7#e*ie( &a%uscrise( c#%stitui%d u% a%sa&!"u #r0a%ic -i ar&#%i#s( de # c#ere%$+ 8+r+ 8isur+J IB.

"e0e. Du7+ cu& cu%#a-te$i( :% R#&'%ia( discri&i%area et%ic+ este i%ter*is+ 7ri% Atu%ci( du&%ea?#astr+( ca cet+$ea% r#&'%( cu ce dre7t ?+ 7er&ite$i s+ ?+ situa$i &ai 7resus de "e0e( -i s+ de8i%i$i %a$iu%ea 7e !a*a criteriu"ui et%ic( adic+ rasia"< i d#i/ ce ?+ 8ace s+ 8i$i at't de si0ur c+ E&i%escu ar 8i L&are"e "u&i%+t#r de c#%-tii%$+ h#t+r't de Du&%e*eu 7e%tru r#&'%iM< Sti&at+ d#a&%+( #%#ra$i radi#ascu"t+t#ri( P%tr.ade?+r :% R#&'%ia discri&i%area et%ic+ este i%ter*is+ 7ri% "e0e. Dar( t#t :% R#&'%ia( ca de a"t8e" 7este t#t :% "u&e( rea"itatea eredit+$ii este c#%8ir&at+ de -tii%$a 0e%eticii. i.atu%ci( c'%d( 7e de # 7arte( :%s+-i s#ci#"#0ia di% &i"e%iu" INTERNET.u"ui atest+ 8a7tu" c+ Qa7arte%e%$a et%ic+ c#%8i0urea*+ ide%titatea 7ers#a%eiIK !a &ai &u"t chiar( c+ Q#rie%tea*+ 7r#cesu" cu%#a-terii 7sih#"#0ice 7ri% i&7"icarea %#$iu%i"#r de et%#ti7 -i c#%duit+ 1C et%ic+I( iar 7e de a"ta( :% ese%$+( rasa di% !i#"#0ie este si%#%i&u" et%iei di% s#ci#"#0ie -i a" %a$iu%ii di% 7#"itic+( acu*a$ia ce.&i aduce$i :%ce7e s+ se c"ati%e seri#s. i ca s+ ?+ c#%?i%0e$i c+ este c#&7"et "i7sit+ de 8u%da&e%t( ?+ r#0( ser?i%du.?+ de discer%+&'%tu" 7e care ?.a& &+rturisit c+ ?i." ad&ir( s+.&i s7u%e$i :% ce &+sur+ a recu%#a-te 7ur -i si&7"u e=iste%$a ca atare a u%ei rea"it+$i #!iecti?e 9et%ia r#&'%+;( este t#tu%a cu a s#"icita s+ 8ie discri&i%at+ 7#*iti?( adic+ 8a?#ri*at+( :% ra7#rt cu a"te rea"it+$i( "a 8e" de #!iecti?e ca -i ea 9et%ii"e c#%"#cuit#are;. Iar 7e%tru c+ &.a$i 7r#?#cat 7re?a"'%du.?+ de "e0i"e $+rii( care( cu& Nust s7u%e$i( su%t #!"i0at#rii 7e%tru t#$i cet+$e%ii ei( ?+ r#0 s+ cu&7+%i$i u% 7ic dec"ara$ii"e 8+cute :% 7resa ce%tra"+ chiar "a :%ce7utu" acestei ?eri( de c+tre u% re7re*e%ta%t a" u%ei et%ii c#%"#cuit#are( 7#tri?it c+ruia( &e&!rii ei se c#%sider+ :%dre7t+$i$i "a discri&i%are 7#*iti?+ 8a$+ de e"e&e%tu" r#&'%esc( i%?#c'%d # c7ri?are de &u"te dre7turi -i # r#!ie( su8erite a&u%d#u+ di% 7artea &aN#ritari"#r r#&'%iI( dar 8+r+ s+ e=7"ice(

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t#t#dat+( de ce !u%+#ar+( dac+ erau :%tr.ade?+r at't de #di#s trata$i aici( %ici ?itre0i$ii %u 8+ceau ?reu% de&ers s+ 7+r+seasc+ $ara( %ici c#%a$i#%a"ii "#r de 7este h#tare %u c#%te%eau s+ i&i0re*e :% ea. i( dac+ t#t ?e%i ?#r!a de re7ara$ii -i de 8a?#ruri( de ce( de 7i"d+( ar 8i #are et%icii r#&'%i( sau chiar -i a"$i cet+$e%i ai $+rii( %e:%dre7t+$i$i s+ cear+ statu"ui r#&'% 7ri?i"e0iu" de a 8i discri&i%a$i 7#*iti?( dre7t c#&7e%sa$ie 7e%tru ?a"u" de dis7re$ 7e care. " re?ars+ str+i%+tatea asu7ra "#r( ur&are atitudi%ii %ede&%e &a%i8estate cure%t 7este 0ra%i$e de &u"$i di%tre &e&!rii et%iei re?#"tate< Et%ie ce( cu"&ea( :% 7#8ida %#t#riet+$ii 7reNudiciu"ui 7e care atitudi%ea :% cau*+ :" 7r#?#ac+ R#&'%iei( !e%e8icia*+( du7+ cu& chiar ea recu%#a-te 7u!"ic( at't "e0a" c't -i e8ecti?( de 7ri?i"e0iu" res7ecti?ei discri&i%+riJ )&J O 8i "e0a"u" :%t#tdeau%a -i "e0iti&< i( de ce dac+ re?#"ta$ii su%t at't de &u"t 7+tru%-i de s7iritu" dre7t+$ii( c#%ti%u+ de*i%?#"t s+ &+s#are cu &+sur+ du!"+( 7re*e%t'%du.se :% str+i%+tate ca cet+$e%i( dar s#"icit'%d :% $ar+ trata&e%t de et%ici< Iar ceea ce iar+-i 0+sesc a 8i de # 0ra?itate e=tre&+ este si%#%i&ia 7e care "e0is"a$ia $+rii # 8ace :%tre cet+$e%ie -i %a$i#%a"itate( c#%ce7te care( de 8a7t( e=7ri&+ rea"it+$i di8erite/ . . cet+$e%ia/ starea Nuridic+ a u%ui #& de a 8i su7us a" u%ui stat %a$i#%a"K %a$i#%a"itatea/ a7arte%e%$a 7ri% %a-tere a u%ei 7ers#a%e 8i*ice "a # a%u&it+ et%ie.

Acesta este :%c+ u% &#ti? 7e%tru care a& r#stit a7+sat cu?'%tu" Lcet+$e%iM. C+ci( at'ta ?re&e c't( de 7i"d+( 7e 8iecare 7a-a7#rt( i%di8ere%t de et%ia titu"aru"ui s+u( ?a sta scris NAFIONADITATEA/ CETFEAN ROMHN( #rice i%8rac$iu%e de dre7t c#&u% c#&is+ 7este 0ra%i$+ de c+tre 7ers#a%e care 8ac 7arte di% #rice a"tce?a %u&ai di% %a$ia r#&'%+ %u( ?a 8i 7us+ de str+i%+tate :% sea&a %ea&u"ui r#&'%esc( care %u a s+?'r-it.#J Mai &u"t( ?a 8i e=7"#atat+ du-&+%#s :&7#tri?a "ui chiar :%"+u%tru" $+rii( 7ri% ac$iu%ea di*#"?a%t+ a at't#r -i.at't#r #r0a%e de 7res+ care( :% re"atarea e?e%i&e%te"#r( i0%#r+ cu des+?'r-ire ese%$ia"a di8ere%$+ de care.a& ?#r!it. Re8erit#r "a cea de a d#ua du&%ea?#astr+ :%tre!are/ 12 Dac+ e=7resia 8#"#sit+ de &i%e L&are"e "u&i%+t#r de c#%-tii%$+ h#t+r't de Du&%e*eu 7e%tru %a$iu%ea r#&'%+M( c#%sidera$i c+ este i%adec?at+ 7e%tru E&i%escu( ?+ r#0 s+.&i su0era$i du&%ea?#astr+ cu& s.ar cu?e%i s+ ca"i8ic u% #& care( :% d#ar d#u+ ?#r!e s7us/ . este 7+ri%te"e ide#"#0iei %a$i#%a"e &#der%e :% e?#"u$ia %#astr+K

. care di%tre t#ate 0e%ii"e %ea&u"ui r#&'%esc r+&'%e -i a*i si%0uru" care a i%?esti0at t#ate d#&e%ii"e de acti?itate 8u%da&e%ta"e %a$iu%ii -i a a?a%sat s#"u$ii 7e%tru 7r#7+-irea "#rK . -i care -i.a :%te&eiat :%tre0u" siste& de 0'%dire 9str+!+tut de "a u% ca7+t "a a"tu"( ca de u% 8ir r#-u( de 7ri&atu" ade?+ru"ui -i a" iu!irii de %ea&; 7e ?a"#ri8icarea #r0a%ic+ a ra7#rturi"#r di%tre %a$i#%a" -i u%i?ersa"( c#%$i%utu" s+u 7#te%$'%d e=7erie%$a -i tradi$ia r#&'%easc+( 7ri% ceea ce "e este c#&7ati!i" -i "e.ar 7utea 8i 8#"#sit#r( di% &are"e i*?#r de :%$e"e7ciu%e/ #&e%irea.

B. S7u%e$i.&i ?+ r#0( du&%ea?#astr+ sus$i%e$i c+ %u su%te$i rasist. Dar des7re E&i%escu ce 7+rere a?e$i :% aceast+ 7ri?i%$+< cGuri"e re"eI ?#r!esc &ereu de =e%#8#!ia -i de a%tise&itis&u" "uiJ D#a&%a Airi%ei( Mai :%t'i( ca s+ 8i& si0uri c+ ?#r!i& aceea-i "i&!+( si&t %e?#ia u%#r 7reci*+ri ter&i%#"#0ice. At't ter&e%u" L=e%#8#!ieM( c't -i ce" de La%tise&itis&M su%t actua"&e%te 8#"#si$i i&7r#7riu. P%$e"esu" "#r aute%tic este/

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5. =e%#8#!ia/ 8ric+ 8a$+ de str+i%i . :%$e"e-i ca 7ers#a%e 9i%c"usi? c#"ecti?e/ %ea&uri; .( iar %icidecu& de ur+ :&7#tri?a "#r. O!'r-ie/ =e%# @ str+i% -i 7h#!#s @ 8ric+K 2. a%tise&itis&u"/ a?ersiu%e 8a$+ de se&i$i @ :%$e"e-i t#t ca 7ers#a%e. Cu?'%tu" Lse&i$iM dese&%ea*+ t#ate ce"e &ai !i%e de 20 de %ea&uri desce%de%te a"e 7atriarhu"ui !i!"ic Se&( care %ea&uri i%c"ud( ir#%ia s#r$ii( -i 7e ara!i( dar -i 7e e?rei. S7u% Lir#%ia s#r$iiM a?'%d :% ?edere ad?ersitatea ist#ric+ reci7r#c+ di%tre e?rei -i ara!i( %#t#rie de ?eacuri 7e 7"a% &#%dia". 18 i.atu%ci( &+ cutre&ur+ ur&+t#ru" 0'%d/ s+ 8ie #are e?reii cei &ai cru%$i a%tise&i$i<\ De aceea( 7e%tru a 7utea s+ &+ 8ac :%$e"es :% s#cietate( 8#"#sesc cei d#i ter&e%i :% :%$e"esu" "#r c#%sacrat( de-i este de%aturat( dar( t#t#dat+( :&i iau :%0+dui%$a s+ su0ere* ca 8#r&e( chiar dac+ %u des+?'r-ite( #ricu& &ai 7r#7rii/ . . 7e%tru ad?ersitatea c#%tra str+i%i"#r ca 7ers#a%e/ La%ti=e%ieMK iar 7e%tru cea :&7#tri?a e?rei"#r ca 7ers#a%e/ La%tiiudais&M.

Mai &u"t dec't at't( %u ?+d de"#c %ecesitatea uti"i*+rii u%ui ter&e% disti%ct 7e%tru a?ersiu%ea :%dre7tat+ c#%tra e?rei"#r( at'ta ?re&e c't ei se a8"+ :% ra7#rt de 7arte.:%tre0 cu cate0#ria str+i%i"#r( 7e%tru rese%ti&e%te"e :&7#tri?a c+reia e=ist+ deNa statuat u% cu?'%t. T#t#dat+( acce%tue* :% &#d de#se!it( asu7ra disti%c$iei ese%$ia"e e=iste%te :%tre a ur' 7ers#a%a :% si%e( ca 8ii%$+( -i a r+s7u%de :%dre7t+$it( chiar cu i%di0%are( ace"#r atitudi%i a"e ei care :$i cau*ea*+ 7reNudicii. M+rturie c+ a0res#rii de rea credi%$+ cu%#sc 7er8ect res7ecti?a disti%c$ie st+ :%?er-u%area cu care aru%c+ asu7ra ?icti&e"#r "#r eticheta de reac$i#%ari. Acest ter&e% este -i e" uti"i*at ast+*i cu se%s 8a"si8icat( "u&ea aNu%0'%d s+.i c#%sidere( di% #8iciu( 7e cei c+r#ra "e este a7"icat( ca 7e %i-te tic+"#-i. Aute%ticu" s+u :%$e"es este :%s+ cu t#tu" a"tu"/ reac$iu%ea certi8ic+ # stare 7er8ect %#r&a"+( :%te&eiat+ 7e :%se-i "e0i"e 8i*icii. A&i%ti$i.?+ e"e&e%taru" 7ri%ci7iu a" ac$iu%ii -i reac$iu%ii. Sesi*a$i de :%dat+ c+ reac$iu%e :%sea&%+ reac$ie( adic+ r+s7u%s a" u%ei e%tit+$i "a i%8"ue%$a e=ercitat+ asu7ra sa de c+tre # a"t+ e%titate. Dea"t8e"( !i#"#0ii( -i %u %u&ai ei( 7#t certi8ica #ric'%d c+ reacti?itatea este u%a di%tre caracteristici"e 8u%da&e%ta"e a"e #ric+rui #r0a%is& ?iu -i s+%+t#s. Di&i%uarea ei este se&% de !#a"+( iar dis7ari$ia ei atest+ &#arteaJ Eire-te :%s+( #rice a0res#r 7re8er+ ca atacu" s+.i 8ie u-urat de i%er$ia ?icti&eiJ P% ceea ce." 7ri?e-te 7e E&i%escu( c#%sider( a-a cu& a& c#%se&%at :% "ucrarea &a&+ a ce"ei des7re care discut+& acu& 9i%titu"at+/ S7re E&i%escu. R+s7u%s r#&'%esc "a a&e%i%$+ri"e 7re*e%tu"ui -i "a 7r#?#c+ri"e ?iit#ru"ui;( c+ a&!e"e acu*a$ii ce i se aduc 9adic+ at't cea de =e%#8#!ie( c't -i cea de a%tise&itis&; su%t "i7site de "e0iti&itate -i c+ 7r#?i%( atu%ci c'%d cei care "e 8#r&u"ea*+ su%t de !u%+ credi%$+( di%tr.# 7+rere "acu%ar+ -i,sau de8#r&at+ asu7ra scrieri"#r e&i%escie%e. A-a cu& cercet+t#ri de ?ariate s7ecia"it+$i re"e?+ cu 7ris#si%$+ :% a%a"i*e"e "#r( %u&e"e "ui Mihai E&i%escu a 8#st 8#arte &u"t "e0at de te#ria 7+turii 7ara*itare i%sta"ate "a c'r&a $+rii( i%ter7retat+ i%Nust ca atitudi%e =e%#8#!+. De 8a7t( 8#"#si%d u% sti" 7#"e&ic( ?i#"e%t -i 7"astic 9c+ruia( 8ii%d( &ai :%t'i de t#ate( creat#r "iric( i.a acce%tuat( :% &#d 8iresc( %#ta e&#$i#%a"+ 7'%+ "a 7atetis&;( 7#etu" %u ie-ea di% 7#*i$ii"e sa"e ec#%#&ice. Ad?ersitatea sa dec"arat+ -i t#ta"+ 8a$+ de ace-ti s7#"iat#ri( :% &aN#ritate str+i%i( %.a a?ut %ici#dat+ u% su7#rt et%ic( ci ec#%#&ic -i s#cia". Nu 7reNudec+$i =e%#8#!e -i %ici ?reu% %a$i#%a"is& retr#0rad ".au 8+cut s+.i acu*e de 7ara*itis& -i c#s&#7#"itis&( ci c#%sidere%te de #rdi% ec#%#&ic( s#cia" -i %a$i#%a".7atri#ticK e" ridic'%du.se( #ri de c'te #ri i s.a i?it #ca*ia( :&7#tri?a c#&7#rta&e%tu"ui 7ara*i$i"#r -i s7ecu"a%$i"#r de #rice et%ie. 11 P% &aterie de e"e&e%te str+i%e( :% ra$i#%a&e%te"e sa"e acce%tu" c+dea 7e c#%tri!u$ia 7e care acestea # aduceau sau %u "a 7r#0resu" $+rii( iar %icidecu& 7e a7arte%e%$a "#r "a # et%ie sau a"ta. A-adar( &u%ca :&7reu%+ cu ?a"#ri"e ei ec#%#&ice -i &#ra"e c#%stituie criteriu" su7re& 7ri% 7ris&a c+ruia -i.a e"a!#rat e" Nudec+$i"e. #r%i%d de "a %ecesitatea &u%cii( Mihai E&i%escu aNu%0e chiar s+ 8#r&u"e*e # te#rie s#cia"+ a c#&7e%sa$iei( sta!i"i%d dre7t #!"i0a$ie i&7eri#s+( 7e%tru t#$i &e&!rii s#ciet+$ii 9at't i%di?i*i c't -i c"ase s#cia"e;( des8+-urarea( :% schi&!u" 7#si!i"it+$i"#r de trai 7e care "i "e asi0ur+ s#cietatea( a u%ei acti?it+$i uti"e ei. De aceea( ?er!u" "ui de 8#c :i critica 7e t#$i cei care %u de7u%eau # &u%c+ s#cia"&e%te.%a$i#%a"+ 7r#ducti?+( care tr+iau di% s7ecu"+ 9:% s7ecia" cu !+uturi s7irt#ase;( care ur&+reau s+ #!$i%+ str+"ucire -i a?eri 8+c'%d a"7i%is& s#cia" 7e u&erii c"ase"#r 7#*iti?e.

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i t#t de.aceea( caracteru" etic.Nusti$iar a" ra7#rturi"#r s#cia"e este c#%sta%ta i%e=#ra!i"+ a :%tre0ii 0'%diri e&i%escie%e. BI. D#&%u"e Cri-a%( -ti$i "a 8e" de !i%e ca -i &i%e c+ &#da este ase&e%i u%ui &a0%et uria- c+ruia( cu c't cau$i &ai &u"t s+ i te :&7#tri?e-ti( cu at't te atra0e &ai tare. ti$i( 7#ate( de ase&e%ea( ada0iu" 7ractic c+ cea &ai si0ur+ ca"e de a sc+7a de # te%ta$ie este satis8acerea ei. Ei !i%e( 8ii%dc+ este -i "a &#d+ -i 7e%tru c+ &+ -i te%tea*+( %u.&i 7#t #7ri :%tre!area/ Su%te$i a%tise&it< D#a&%a Airi%ei( 7ers#%a" ?+d :% &#d+ ce?a #&e%esc( -i :% te%ta$ie( cu 7rec+dere( # ?i#iciu%e a s7iritu"ui 8e&i%i%. Iar du&%ea?#astr+ cu&u"a$i a&!e"e ca"it+$i( su%te$i -i #& -i 8e&eieJ N.a& ce 8aceJ B+ r+s7u%d/ Du7+ 7+rerea &ea( %u su%t %ici a%tise&it -i %ici 8i"#se&it. Su%t c#%-tie%t c+ M'%tuit#ru" Iisus s.a :%tru7at ca #& :% s'%u" 7#7#ru"ui e?reu( c#%sider 7ractice :%?+$+&i%te"e Bechiu"ui Testa&e%t( ad&ir 7r#8u%*i&ea cu0et+rii ra!i%ice -i %u.i c#%sider 7e e?rei ca surs+ a tutur#r re"e"#r "u&ii. T#t#dat+( c#%sider c+ ade?+rata "#r &isiu%e :% "u&e este s+ #8ere ce"#r"a"te et%ii( ca &#de" !e%e8ic 7e%tru 7r#7+-irea 8iec+reia di%tre e"e( t+ria c#e*iu%ii iudaice. A&i%tea& 7u$i% &ai de?re&e c+ s#arta &i.a 7us su! #chi # serie de &ateria"e d#cu&e%tare. De aceea( :% s7iritu" 8ide"it+$ii 8a$+ de #!iecti?itatea -tii%$i8ic+( %u 7#t s+ 8ac a!strac$ie %ici de 8a7tu" c+ :% c#%siste%tu" dic$i#%ar de 7ers#%a"it+$i e?reie-ti( scris %u&ai de aut#ri e?rei( tradus :% r#&'%e-te de u% c#"ecti? c#%dus de # e?reic+ -i a7+rut :% ur&+ cu 7atru a%i "a Editura )ase8er @ #8icia" e?reiasc+( [ar" Mar= este 7re*e%tat ca( Ldesce%de%t 9at't du7+ &a&+ 500 c't -i du7+ tat+; a" u%ei "u%0i 0e%ea"#0ii de ra!i%iM( iar # sea&+ di%tre c#%duc+t#rii "a ?'r8 ai "#?iturii de stat !#"-e?ice -i( t#t#dat+( ai re0i&u"ui c#&u%ist s#?ietic( su%t -i ei 7re*e%$i. De ase&e%ea( :% ace"a-i s7irit de #%estitate -tii%$i8ic+( 7r#&#?at de a"t8e"( cu &u"t+ e"#ci%$+ :% t#ate "u+ri"e de 7#*i$ie #8icia"e e?reie-ti( ?+*ute( citite sau audiate de &i%e 7'%+ a*i( %u 7#t %es#c#ti %ici e"e&e%te 7recu&/ . 7re*e%$a :% ace"a-i dic$i#%ar de 7ers#%a"it+$i iudaice( a u%ei a&7"e ru!rici !i#0ra8ice dedicate !a%cheri"#r R#tschi"dK . sau i%c"uderea :% 7resti0i#asa "ucrare I"u-tri 8ra%c&as#%i 9a7+rut+ :% 5111 "a Editura Ne&ira;( at't a "ui )it"er c't -i a "ui Muss#"i%i( :% c#%te=tu" :% care a%a"i*a c#&7arati?+ a ce"#r d#u+ cu"e0eri !i#0ra8ice( re"ie8ea*+ 7re*e%$a( de"#c rar+( :% "u&e( "a %i?e"u" c#%ducerii 8ra%c&as#%ice su7eri#are( a u%#r 7r#e&i%e%te 7ers#%a"it+$i e?reie-ti. ri% ur&are( "a a8"area u%#r ast8e" de -tiri( este #are %eNusti8icat di% 7arte.&i( %u s+ c#%test( ci s+ &a%i8est d#ar # circu&s7ec$ie &et#dic+( descartia%+ dac+ ?re$i( asu7ra ?eridicit+$ii 8e"u"ui :% care( &a%ua"e"e c#%te&7#ra%e de ist#rie -i &aN#ritatea &ass.&ediei #8icia"e( c#&e%tea*+( de e=e&7"u( rea"it+$i de r+scruce a"e ist#riei u%i?ersa"e( cu& su%t a" d#i"ea r+*!#i &#%dia"( ca7ita"is&u" -i c#&u%is&u"< BII. D#&%u"e Radu Cri-a%( 7asi#%a$i a&u%d#i de dia"#0( %ici %.a& !+0at de sea&+ cu& :%ai%tea*+ ti&7u". Mai dis7u%e& d#ar de c'te?a &i%ute. A-adar( &u"$u&i%du.?+ 7e%tru 7artici7area "a e&isiu%e( ?+ r#0( "+&uri$i.&+ d#u+ "ucruri/ . 7ri&#/ De ce &are"e 0e%iu a" scrisu"ui( E&i%escu( dac+ a ?rut :%tr. ade?+r s+ "ase 7#sterit+$ii u% testa&e%t( %u -i ". a redactat si%0ur( de.a aNu%s acu& %ecesar s+ i." :%t#c&i$i du&%ea?#astr+K . secu%d#/ Care este( 7'%+ "a ur&+( ctesta&e%tu"I 7#"itic e&i%escia%<

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Disti%s+ d#a&%+( Du7+ cu& recu%#a-te$i du&%ea?#astr+ 8#arte Nust( Mihai E&i%escu r+&'%e( 8+r+ :%d#ia"+( u% &are 0e%iu scriit#ricesc. Cu si0ura%$+( #rice &esaN ideatic ar 8i d#rit s+ adrese*e se&e%i"#r s+i( e" :%su-i era ce" &ai :% &+sur+ s+." 8#r&u"e*e. E&i%esc#"#0i a"e c+r#r cercet+ri c#%sacrate ?ie$ii -i #7erei sa"e( "e c#%sider ?red%ice de t#at+ ate%$ia( %e de*?+"uie 8a7tu" c+ strate0ia de crea$ie 7e ter&e% "u%0 a "ui E&i%escu era ca( &ai :%t'i 9adic+ :% a%ii te%si#%a$i ai &u%cii de redact#r; s+.-i e"a!#re*e :%tre0u" arse%a" de idei( ur&'%d ca( 7e ur&+( :% 7artea a d#ua a ?ie$ii 97e care -i.# d#rea 7e c't 7#si!i" &ai tih%it+;( 505 s+.-i asa&!"e*e idei"e( :%che0'%d ast8e" ce" 7u$i% c'te u% tratat -tii%$i8ic :% 8iecare d#&e%iu 7e care ".a a7r#8u%dat. Desti%u" :%s+( ".a :&7iedicat s+.-i 7#at+ :&7"i%i a d#ua 7arte a ?isu"uiK :% schi&!( %e. a 8+cut %#u+ 8a?#area s+ 8i& !e%e8iciarii 8i%a"i*+rii( 7#t s7u%e de7"i%e( a ce"ei di%t'i. I%i$ia" &.a& str+duit s+ :%8+$i-e* ic#a%a u%itar+ a 0'%dirii sa"e ec#%#&ice -i( cu ?re&ea( a?a%s'%d :% "ucru( a& :%ce7ut s+ de?i% t#t &ai c#%-tie%t de i%terdisci7"i%aritatea -i #r0a%icitatea :%tre0ii #7ere. Ide%ti8ic'%d :% arhitect#%ica acesteia( ec#%#&icu" ca !a*+ de ra$i#%are -i 7#"iticu" ca "#c 0e#&etric( a& si&$it c+ ar 8i i&#ra" di% 7arte.&i s+ %u :&7+rt+-esc se&e%i"#r aceast+ dui%tese%$+( su! 8#r&+ de &ateria" u%itar. A-a s.a %+scut( ca asa&!"are "#0ic+ de idei citate( cartea des7re care ?#r!i& acu&. P% 7ri?i%$a r+s7u%su"ui "a cea de.a d#ua :%tre!are( 7e%tru a &+ :%cadra :% 7u$i%e"e c"i7e r+&ase( cu 7er&isiu%ea du&%ea?#astr+( ?#i citi &icu" te=t e&i%escia% de 7e 7ri&a c#7ert+ a c+r$ii/ QNu ?#i& s+ tr+i& :%tr.u% stat 7#"i0"#t( u%de a-a %u&ita 7atrie este deasu7ra %a$i#%a"it+$ii. Si%0ura ra$iu%e de a 8i a acestui stat( 7e%tru %#i( este %a$i#%a"itatea "ui r#&'%easc+. Dac+ e ?#r!a ca acest stat s+ :%cete*e de.a &ai 8i r#&'%esc( atu%ci # s7u%e& dre7t c+ %e este cu&7"it de i%di8ere%t+ s#arta 7+&'%tu"ui "ui. B#i& -i s7er+& %u # :%t#arcere "a u% siste& 8euda"( ce %ici %.a e=istat c'%d?a :% $ara %#astr+( ci # &i-care de :%dre7tare a ?ie$ii %#astre 7u!"ice( # &i-care a" c+rei 7u%ct de ?edere s+ 8ie ideea de stat -i de %a$i#%a"itateI. B+ &u"$u&esc "a r'%du" &eu.

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502 Eeri$i.?+ de 7r#8e$ii &i%ci%#-i( care ?i% "a ?#i :% :&!r+c+&i%te de #i( -i 7e di%"+u%tru su%t "u7i r+7it#ri. Matei( BII( 56

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AUTOA RARE SI)IC CUM S DEBII IMUN DA MANI UDARE

9Te=tu" i%te0ra" a" a%e=ei Detur%area siste&u"ui de :%?+$+&'%t -i arta 8#rti8ic+rii 7sihice i%di?idua"e di% "ucrarea/ Radu Mihai Cri-a%( S RE EMINESCU. R+s7u%s r#&'%esc "a a&e%i%$+ri"e 7re*e%tu"ui -i "a 7r#?#c+ri"e ?iit#ru"ui( edi$ia a III.a re?i*uit+( Editura Cartea U%i?ersitar+( Bucure-ti( 2006( 7a0. 358.333;

503

QNi&e%i di%tre aceia 7e care !#0+$ia -i #%#ruri"e :i a-a*+ 7e # trea7t+ &ai :%a"t+ %u e &are. Aceasta.i er#area care %e :%-a"+( c+ %u a7recie& 7e %i&e%i du7+ ceea ce este( ci :i ad+u0+& -i ce"e ce." :&7#d#!esc. C'%d ?rei s+ a7recie*i 7e ci%e?a "a Nusta "ui ?a"#are -i s+ -tii ce 8e" de #& este( 7ri?e-te." 0#"/ s+ "e7ede a?erea( s+ "e7ede #%#ruri"e -i ce"e"a"te &i%ciu%i a"e s#artei( s+ de*!race 7'%+ -i c#r7u" @ 7ri?e-te.i su8"etu"( dac+.i &are 7ri% a"tce?a sau 7ri% e" :%su-i. S+ a7recie& 8iecare "ucru( :%de7+rt'%d ce se s7u%e des7re e"( -i s+ cercet+& ce este( %u ce e %u&itI.O OSe%eca( E7ist#"ae

QEa7te care su%t :% a7are%$+ !u%e( 7ri% discer%+&'%t sau drea7ta s#c#tea"+9K;( se desc#7er+ ca "i7site de aceast+ ca"itate. Ra$iu%i care 7+reau :%ai%te u"ti&e"e tri&it( du7+ %#i 7r#0rese :% ?ia$a ?irtu#as+( s7re ra$iu%i -i &ai ad'%ci9K;. Du7+ u% :%de"u%0 e=erci$iu se desc#7er+ de "a 7ri&a ?edere ce e r+u :%tr.# 8a7t+ chiar !u%+ :% a7are%$+( sau ra$iu%ea &ai ad'%c+ a u%ui "ucru. Aceasta este i%tui$ia 8u"0er+t#are a ese%$e"#r "ucruri"#r -i a ?a"#ri"#r 8a7te"#rI.O ODu&itru St+%i"#ae( Ascetica -i Mistica Bisericii Ort#d#=e( Editura I%stitutu"ui Bi!"ic -i de Misiu%e a" Bisericii Ort#d#=e R#&'%e( Bucure-ti( 2002( 7a0. 242( 243

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504 P%?+$+&'%tu" este &e%it s+ cree*e 7ers#%a"it+$i #r0a%ice. Acestea su%t c#%-tie%te c+ ?ia$a este u% siste& de i%terde7e%de%$e &u"ti7"e -i :-i 7u%( di% 7r#7rie ?#i%$+( ?ia$a :% s"uN!a u%ui 7ri%ci7iu &#ra" su7ra#rd#%at#r. A%c#rarea 7r#8u%d+ :% s7iritua"itatea -i e=7erie%$a %ea&u"ui "#r "e aNut+ s+ reac$i#%e*e e8icie%t :% 8a$a di8icu"t+$i"#r( chiar -i atu%ci c'%d se i?esc 7e %ea-te7tate. Acu& :%s+( -c#a"a creea*+ ti7u" #&u"ui u%i?ersa" . de %ic+ieri -i de 7este t#t( "i7sit de ?i*iu%ea 0"#!a"+ asu7ra "u&ii -i a e=iste%$ei. Ru7t de tradi$ie -i de &ediu" :% care a tr+it( acest #& este i%ca7a!i" s+ 8ac+ 8a$+ %e7re?+*utu"ui. Orice !a%d+ 7#"itic+ :" 7#ate &a%i7u"a( 8+r+ ca e" s+ !a0e &+car de sea&+. Pi st+ :% 7utere s+ se aut#redrese*e i%di?idua"( uti"i*'%d 7'r0hii 7recu&/ 0'%direa( cu"tura( &u%ca( ci%stea( ec#%#&ia( 0i&%astica( &edita$ia( c#%te&7"a$ia -i ru0+ciu%ea.

O i%?esti0are( a&+%u%$it+( a 7r#cesu"ui ist#ric ce a c#%dus "a de7recierea :%?+$+&'%tu"ui r#&'%esc este :%tre7ri%s+ de Nic#"ae I#r0a. Acesta c#&e%tea*+/ QIdea"u" educa$iei e s+ de*?#"$i ceea ce e=ist+ ca :%c"i%a$ie :% #& -i s+ %u :%cerci a.i da :%su-iri ce %u se 0+sesc( ca 7u%ct de 7"ecare :% :%s+-i 8ii%$a "uiI552. Qc#a"a are dat#ria de.a aNuta s#cietatea( de.a &er0e &'%+.% &'%+ cu ea( -i %u de a.i sta :% ca"e. Eiecare -c#a"+ tre!ui s+ ias+ di% 9s+ re8"ecte %.%.; %e?#i"e s#ciet+$ii( care tre!ui cu%#scute -i :%+"$ate( ca s+ aNu%0+ "a 8#r&a 7e care s.# ser?easc+ -c#a"aI558. QE?u" &ediu @ !a*at 7e i%i$iati?a i%di?idua"+ -i 7e cea c#"ecti?+ @ a?ea %e?#ie de 9:%0+duia 7e %.%.; #rice 8e" de #a&e%i( care se u%eau de "a si%e/ %u.i tre!uia u% #& ti7. O&u" era 7re0+tit 7e%tru # ?ia$+ s7#%ta%ee. P% ace" E? Mediu( dac+ erai cre-ti%( Biserica te cre-tea ca 7e 8iu" ei( ac#"# $i se d+dea "ec$ia de catehis&K ac#"# :%?+$ai ru0+ciu%i"e( :%?+$ai s+ cite-ti( s+ scrii. Me-te-u0ar ?#iai s+ te 8aci( :" a"e0eai ca 7r#8es#r 7e &e-teru" ce" &ai !u%. A7#i U%i?ersitatea/ aceasta era u% :%?+$+&'%t a!s#"ut "i!er. r#8es#ru" trata #rice chestiu%e ?#ia( -i a-a 552 Nic#"ae I#r0a( Idei asu7ra 7r#!"e&e"#r actua"e( Editura Cu0etarea( Bucure-ti( 5136( 7a0. 531 558 i!ide&( 7a0. 208 506 cu& ?#ia e"( iar stude%tu" :" ascu"ta %u&ai dac+ :" i%teresa 9c#%$i%utu" 7re"e0erii %.%.;I551. QA ?e%it( 7e ur&+( ?re&ea st+7'%irii &#%arhi"#r. Su?era%u" &#der% a?ea %e?#ie de !u%i su7u-i. T#ate erau a-a :%t#c&ite ca s+ 7re0+teasc+ 7e !u%u" cet+$ea%( #&u" cu credi%$+ 8a$+ de su?era%( !u% #sta- -i( &ai a"es( !u% c#%tri!ua!i". Dar :%?+$+&'%tu" acesta %u &er0ea 7'%+ N#s. c#a"a 7ri&ar+ %.a e=istat 7'%+ "a re?#"u$ia 8ra%ce*+. Erau d#ar a%u&e 9c'$i?a %.%.; c+"u0+ri care :%?+$au 7e aceia care d#reau. Re?#"u$ia 8ra%ce*+( ca -i cea s#?ietic+( a?ea %e?#ie de a%u&i$i #a&e%iK ei :i tre!uia s+ cree*e ti7u" re?#"u$i#%aru"ui. De aceea( a :%"+turat t#ate 8#r&e"e &ai ?echi de :%?+$+&'%t( cu aceea-i %e:&7+cat+ ur+ c+reia i.au c+*ut Nert8+ at'tea di% a-e*+&i%te"e ca7a!i"e :%c+ de ?ia$+ a"e ?echii Era%cii. Creat#ri 8+r+ re*er?e( re?#"u$i#%arii au :%$e"es s+ 8ac+ %#u :% t#ate( d'%d c#%te&7#ra%i"#r ceea ce "e tre!uia 7e%tru a %u 8i #a&e%i de curte -i de "u&e( ci cet+$e%i "u7t+t#ri. Se creea*+( ast8e"( -c#a"a 7u!"ic+( c#&u%+ tutur#ra -i 0ratuit+. Bi%e a7#i Na7#"e#%( care( ?#i%d s+ st+7'%easc+ "u&ea :% t#ate( 8+cu di% t#t siste&u" s+u 7#"itic # i&e%s+ &a-i%+( ad&ira!i"+ 7ri% 7uterea -i re0u"aritatea ei a7r#a7e &i"itar+( care.i 7er&iteau s+ 8ie 7us+ :% &i-care de u% si%0ur #&. c#a"a "ui 8+cea u% 8e" de aut#&at :% &'%a 7uterii ce%tra"e( :&!i%a &eca%ic #a&e%i cr#i$i 9educa$i %.%.; 7e ace"a-i ti7( 8+r+ :%0+dui%$a ?ariet+$i"#r i%di?idua"e. Ea 9i%stitu$ia -c#"ii %.%.; tre!uia s+ 8ie u% 8e" de 8a!ric+ de 7r#dus #a&e%i( 7e care statu" 7#ate s+.i :%tre!ui%$e*e 7e%tru sc#7uri"e sa"e. e%tru a crea i%di?idu" ascu"t+t#r ca u% s#"dat(

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Na7#"e#% cre+ -c#a"a.ca*ar&+( cu7ri%s+ :%tr. # c#%struc$ie de %e&i"#ase "i%ii dre7te( care tre!uia s+ 7ri&easc+( :% t#ate tre7te"e ei( u% si%0ur i&7u"s( iar acesta s+ 7"ece de "a &#%arhu" si%0ur. e8u" e%#r&ei ca*+r&i -c#"are e rect#ru" de Acade&ie( care dis7u%e( :% U%i?ersitate -i :% "icee( de # :%trea0+ #aste disci7"i%at+ de 7r#8es#ri( i%s7ect#ri etc520I. A-adar( :% ti&7 ce Qu%i?ersitatea &edie?a"+ era # -c#a"+ de cu0etare 7ers#%a"+( "a care ?e%ea stude%tu" %u&ai dac+ :i 7"+cea cu0etarea 7r#8es#ru"ui( ast+*i( u%i?ersitatea este # -c#a"+ de s7ecia"it+$i( %e"e0ate :%tre e"e525( 8+r+ %ici u% 8e" de s7irit c#&u% -i 9&ai 551 i!ide&( 7a0. 255( 531 520 i!ide&( 7a0. 252( 253 525 Ma%iera didactic+ uti"i*at+ :% tra%s&iterea c#%$i%utu"ui "#r i%8#r&a$i#%a" c+tre su!iec$ii su7u-i educ+rii . %ee?ide%$ii%d( :% &#d de"i!erat( c#re"a$ii"e #r0a%ice e=iste%te :%tre di8erite"e ra&uri de -tii%$+ .( "e :%0reu%ea*+ acest#ra 7#si!i"itatea 8#"#sirii cu%#-ti%$e"#r d#!'%dite :%tr.u% d#&e%iu "a &ai 7r#8u%da :%$e"e0ere( at't a 7r#!"e&aticii ce"#r"a"te d#&e%ii( c't -i( &ai a"es( a su!stratu"ui a%u&it#r 8e%#&e%e s#cia".7#"itice -i ec#%#&ice di%tre ce"e &ai se%si!i"e -i( de#7#tri?+( &ai 0ra?eJ S7re 7i"d+ a sc#7u"ui ascu%s ce st+ "a 50C &u"t %.%.;( aceste crea$iu%i au u% sc#7 care %u e :% s#cietate( ci 7este ea -i( 7#ate( chiar :&7#tri?a ei. S.a creat ti7u" #&u"ui a!stract( :% a8ar+ 9ru7t %.%.; de #rice tradi$ie -i de #rice :&7reNur+ri :% care ar a?ea de tr+it( #&u" care -tie di%ai%te u%de ?a 8i a-e*at( ce 0esturi ?a 8ace :% 8iecare &#&e%t( #&u" 7e%tru care %e7re?+*utu" %.are %ici # i&7#rta%$+ 9i%ca7a!i" s+ 8ac+ 8a$+ #ric+rei schi&!+ri %ea-te7tate a c#%di$ii"#r sa"e de e=iste%$+ %.%.;. c#a"a 8ii%d :% a8ar+ de ?ia$+( :%?+$'%du.te s+ %u $ii c#%t de %i&ic ce e di%c#"# de casta cu"t+( duce "a # -c#"ari*are 8#r&a"+ a #&e%irii. De aici a ie-it 9re*u"tat %.%.; # u&a%itate sc+*ut+( "i7sit+ de e%er0ie -i de e%tu*ias&( "i7sit+ de 7uti%$a de a ac$i#%a -i de a reac$i#%a( # u&a%itate :&7u$i%at+ -i str'&!at+I522. De aceea( dac+ Q-c#a"a de #di%i#ar+ era c#%tactu" di%tre ci%e?a care ?rea s+ :%?e$e -i ci%e?a care -tieI523( ast+*i 9ca s+ :%?e$i %.%.; e-ti si"it( de &u"te #ri( s+ te duci "a t#t 8e"u" de i&!eci"i cu atestate( care %u cu%#sc( %ici 7e de7arte( ceea ce au 7rete%$ia s+ te :%?e$eI524. A-a( Qse creea*+ acu&( 7e%tru # "u&e %e#r0a%ic+( u% ti7 de #& u%i?ersa"( #&u" care e de %ic+ieri -i de 7este t#t( #&u" :% a8ar+ 9ru7t %.%.; de tradi$ie( :% a8ar+ 9:%str+i%at %.%.; de &ediu" :% care a tr+itK iar de s#cietatea aceasta %e%#r#cit+( i%trat+ :% ti7icu" -c#"ii( #rici%e 7#ate a!u*a( #rice a?e%turier sau #rice !a%d+ 7#"itic+ se 7#ate 8ace st+7'%u" eiI526 . s7ecu"'%du.i cu a!i"itate "i7sa sti"u"ui( adic+( du7+ cu& se e=7ri&+ Mircea E"iade( Qa ?ie$ii 7r#7rii( ierarhice si rit&ice a ade?+ruri"#r 9i%8#r&a$ii"#r 8ia!i"e %.%.; adu%ateI52CJ C+ci( Qade?+ruri"e %u 7re$uiesc %i&ic atu%ci c'%d "e 7#se*i i*#"ateI522( iar Qceea ce "i7se-te !a*a 8#r&u"+rii( :%tr.u% a%u&e &#d -i %u :% a"tu"( a ?reu%ui te=t "e0is"ati?( 7#ate chiar a ?reu%ui artic#" de C#%stitu$ie #ri de tratat i%ter%a$i#%a". T#t#dat+( ea 7+0u!e-te -i 7r#0resu"ui 0e%era" a" cu%#a-terii stii%$i8ice( :%truc't( du7+ cu& re"e?+ te8a% Od#!"eNa/ QEiecare -tii%$+ este # 7#r$iu%e a u%ui t#t care este -tii%$a :% 0e%era". T#ate -tii%$e"e se i%s7ir+ reci7r#c( c#%8ir&'%du.se #ri i%8ir&'%du.se u%a 7e cea"a"t+. r#0resu" u%ei -tii%$e deter&i%+ 7r#0resu" ce"#r"a"te -tii%$e -i i%?ers. C'%d ?rei s+ studie*i # -tii%$+( tre!ui s.# c#&7ari -i s.# a7r#7ii de t#ate ce"e"a"te -tii%$e. Ce"e &ai &iracu"#ase desc#7eriri a"e -tii%$ei 7ure -i a"e teh%icii %u su%t( adesea( dec't 0e%era"i*+ri( a%a"#0ii( tra%s"a$ii( c#&7ara$ii( i&ita$ii( a7r#7ieri( :&7ru&uturi( ada7t+ri "a u% d#&e%iu #arecare a idei"#r -i 7r#cedee"#r u%ui a"t d#&e%iuI.( te8a% Od#!"eNa( sih#"#0ia c#%s#%a%tist+ -i ci!er%etica( Editura Scrisu" r#&'%esc( Crai#?a( 5128( 7a0. 502.550 522 Nic#"ae I#r0a( Idei asu7ra 7r#!"e&e"#r actua"e( 7a0. 538( 531 523 i!ide&( 7a0. 202 524 i!ide&( 7a0. 20C 526 i!ide&( 7a0. 523( 206 52C Mircea E"iade( r#8etis& r#&'%esc( ?#". I( Editura R#*a B'%turi"#r( Bucure-ti( 5110( 7a0. 553 522 i!ide& 502

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#&u"ui &#der% ca s+ 8ie #& :%tre0( este t#c&ai i%tui$ia ierarhiei( a c#s&i*+riiI528( adic+( a Qar&#%i*+rii "#r :%tr.# ?i*iu%e 0"#!a"+ asu7ra "u&ii -i a e=iste%$eiI521J Mai &u"t( e"e %u %u&ai c+ Q%u au ?a"#are i*#"at+( dar aNu%0 de.a dre7tu" 7ri&eNdi#ase c'%d :%cerci s+ c#&7e%se*i cu u%u" si%0ur a!se%$a ce"#r"a"teI530. P&!ucur+t#r este( :%s+( 8a7tu" c+ 8iecare 8ii%$+ u&a%+ are 7#si!i"itatea de a.-i :%8r'%0e( 7r#0resi?( aceast+ s"+!iciu%e( 7ri% acti?is& 7ers#%a". P% acest se%s( # serie de se&e%i ai %#-tri( 7ri%tre care Scar"at De&etrescu( Mircea E"iade( Mihai E&i%escu -i etre Ge#r0escu.De"a8ras( %e rea&i%tesc c+ dis7u%e&( !i%e:%$e"es %e"i&itati?( de 7'r0hii 7recu&/ 0'%direa( cu"tura( &u%ca( ci%stea( ec#%#&ia( 0i&%astica( &edita$ia( c#%te&7"a$ia( ru0+ciu%ea. Ce" &ai 7uter%ic i%stru&e%t de aut#a7+rare i%di?idua"+ :&7#tri?a a0resiu%i"#r &a%i7u"at#rii( re"e?+ Scar"at De&etrescu( este Q8a!ricarea -i su!ti"i*area 9ra8i%area %.%.; c#%ti%u+ a &ateriei %#astre &e%ta"e( 7ri% Q7r#7ria %#astr+ 0'%dire( re8"ectarea "a ceea ce a& 8+cut -i "a ur&+ri"e 8a7te"#r %#astre( re8"ectarea "a ceea ce ?a tre!ui s+ 8ace& -i a%a"i*area su! t#ate as7ecte"e a e8ecte"#r ce ?#r ur&a. De "a acte"e -i ?#r!e"e %#astre( ?#& trece "a ?#r!e"e -i 8a7te"e ce"#r cu care a& ?e%it :% c#%tact. Care e dedesu!tu" ?#r!e"#r -i 8a7te"#r( de ce au 7r#cedat a-a -i %u a"t8e"( ce au ?rut ei s+ *ic+ etc. De#se!it de &u"t se de*?#"t+ 7uterea 0'%dirii %#astre c'%d e=a&i%+& %atura -i #rdi%ea di% ea. G'%di%d &ereu "a 7r#!"e&e a!stracte( 8i"#s#8ice( %e ?#& #!i-%ui :%tr.# ase&e%ea &+sur+ cu acest 0rad :%a"t de 0'%dire( :%c't idei"e !a%a"e sau 9ce"e %.%.; N#s%ice %e ?#r 7r#?#ca %e7"+cere. O c#%?ersa$ie tri?ia"+ %e ?a deter&i%a s+ 7"ec+& di% ace" &ediu. O!i-%uit cu ade?+ru"( &e%ta"u" %#stru %u &ai e ca7a!i" s+ e&it+ &i%ciu%a. Ca%titatea de cu%#-ti%$e acu&u"ate %e ?a 8ace &ai :%$e"e7$i( a-a c+ *'&!i& de &i"+ c'%d 7ri&i& e=7"ica$ii -i ar0u&e%t+ri care de%#t+ # des+?'r-it+ i0%#ra%$+ 9du7+ ca*/ %ecu%#a-tere( i0%#rare #ri :%c+"care %.%.; a %aturii #&e%e-ti -i a "e0i"#r %aturii. S7iritu" se ?a ascu$i( :%tr.# ase&e%ea &+sur+( :%c't( 7ri% i%duc$ie sau 7ri% deduc$ie( :%tre?ede& sau desc#7eri& ade?+ru" :%9K; situa$ii"e -i :&7reNur+ri"e ce"e &ai c#&7"e=eI535. Dar( :%truc't( :% &#d "e0ic( 7erti%e%$a ra$i#%a&e%te"#r este c#%di$i#%at+ de 8ia!i"itatea 8i"tru"ui i%8#r&a$i#%a" a" 0'%dirii care "e e8ectuea*+( tre!ui s+ ac#rd+&( :% 7er&a%e%$+( # de#se!it+ ate%$ie :%tre$i%erii -i 7#te%$+rii acestui 8i"tru.

528 i!ide& 521 i!ide& 530 i!ide&( 7a0. 554 535 Scar"at De&etrescu( Di% tai%e"e ?ie$ii -i a"e u%i?ersu"ui( Editura E&et( Oradea( 5118( 7a0. 41 508 P% acest se%s( su!"i%ia*+ etre Ge#r0escu.De"a8ras( Qcu"tura are # i%8"ue%$+ !i%e8+c+t#are asu7ra #ric+rui #&( 8ie e" #ric't de s"a! "a &i%te. Ea %e arat+ r#stu" ?ie$ii( ea %e arat+ ca"ea 7e care tre!uie s+ &er0e& -i %e.# "u&i%ea*+ cu ra*e di% ce :% ce &ai c"are( &ai str+"ucit#are. ri% aNut#ru" cu"turii( %e 8+uri& :%c+ di% ?re&e u% idea"( 7e care $i%e& s+." rea"i*+& *i cu *i( -i care 8#r&ea*+ 7artea cea &ai !u%+( cea &ai 8ru&#as+( a ?ie$ii %#astre. Ea %e :%de7+rtea*+( de ase&e%ea( de a7uc+turi"e re"e a"e se&e%i"#r %#-tri( %e :%?a$+ s+ 8u0i& de a"e %#astre 7r#7rii( -i %e de7ri%de s+ %e #cu7+& %u&ai de ceea ce ?ede& c+ este 8#"#sit#r( :%+"$+t#r. Orici%e :-i 7#ate da sea&a c+( :% "#c s+ %e 7ierde& ?re&ea 8+r+ ?reu% 8#"#s( ci%e -tie 7e u%de @ 7#ate 7ri% ci%e -tie ce ca8e%ea( c'rciu&+( c#"$ de strad+ @( este &ai !i%e s+ st+& acas+( sau s+ &er0e& "a # !i!"i#tec+( -i s+ ur&+ri& cu ate%$ie 8i"e"e u%ei c+r$i care %e i%teresea*+. Dac+ di% d#u+ #re "i!ere c't a?e&( de re0u"+( ce" 7u$i%( 7e *i( a& :%tre!ui%$a %u&ai u%a si%0ur+ 7e%tru "ectur+( ar 8i de aNu%s 7e%tru ca s+ #!$i%e& # cu"tur+ de&%+ de "uat :% sea&+. Su%t at'tea c+r$i i%teresa%te( ce %e dau :%?+$+&i%te -tii%$i8ice( s#cia"e( etc.( 7recu& -i c+r$i "iterare( care %e descre$esc 8ru%tea( care %e dau 9!u%+ %.%.; dis7#*i$ie su8"eteasc+( care %e &ai :%du"cesc ?ia$a. A7#i su%t # su&ede%ie de re?iste ie8ti%e( :% care se 0+sesc artic#"e destu" de ?ariate -i de i%structi?eI532. A-adar( du7+ cu& 7"edea*+ -i Mircea E"iade( Q"ectura ar 7utea 8i 97#ate 8i %.%.; u% &iN"#c de a"i&e%tare s7iritua"+ c#%ti%u+( %u %u&ai u% &iN"#c de i%8#r&are sau de c#%te&7"a$ie estetic+I533. P%s+( 7e%tru a 7utea !e%e8icia . :% c#%di$ii"e :%s7+i&'%t+t#arei eter#0e%it+$i ca"itati?e a i%8#r&a$ii"#r cu7ri%se :% 7u*deria de ti7+rituri di% ti&7u" *i"e"#r %#astre @ de !i%e8aceri"e ei( tre!uie( :%ai%te de t#ate( s+ -ti& s+ trie& ti7+rituri"e cu care i%tr+& :% c#%tact( :% se%su" de Qa %u citi c+r$i"e 97e ce"e %.%.; 7r#aste sau &edi#cre( -i de a %u citi 7e ce"e !u%e "a ti&7 %e7#tri?it 9adic+( atu%ci c'%d su%te& i%su8icie%t de &aturi*a$i 7e%tru :%$e"e0erea 7erti%e%t+ a "#r %.%.;. Beri8icarea 9se"ectarea %.%.; "ecturi"#r se 8ace 8#arte si&7"u/ %e si&$i& 9%e.a& si&$i %.%.; &ai !#0a$i 9su8"ete-te -i,sau i%8#r&a$i#%a" %.%.; &ai ?ii( &ai u&a%i( du7+ # a%u&it+ carte< Asta e :%tre!area care tre!ui s+ -i.# 7u%+ 8iecare. Este cu des+?'r-ire i%uti" s+ citi& ace"e sute de c+r$i care %u %e s7u% %i&ic( care %u %e e&#$i#%ea*+ -i %ici %u %e :&!#0+$esc( ace"e sute de c+r$i &edi#cre( seci -i( u%e#ri(

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d+u%+t#are. Ase&e%ea c+r$i se recu%#sc re7ede/ du7+ *ece sau d#u+*eci de 7a0i%i. Se recu%#sc 7ri% 8"u?iu" "#r &edi#cru de 8a7te %ese&%i8icati?e( 7ri% 7ers#%aNe"e irea"e( a!stracte -i i%erte( 7ri% &edi#critatea a%a"i*e"#r( 7ri% truis&e"e 8i"#s#8ice -i "i&!a "iterar+ "i7sit+ de #rice ?a"#are. P% "#cu" acest#r c+r$i( care c#st+ -i !a%i -i ti&7( s.ar 7utea citi c+r$i"e !u%e( sau s.ar 7utea desc#7eri c+r$i uitate. Dectura %u 532 etre Ge#r0escu.De"a8ras( Tari -i s"a!i( Edi$ia a III.a( Editura Cu0etarea( Bucure-ti( 5132( 7a0. 8C( 82 533 Mircea E"iade( 60 de c#%8eri%$e radi#8#%ice( Editura )u&a%itas( Bucure-ti( 2005( 7a0. 520 501 aNu%0e # art+ dec't :% c"i7a c'%d -tie s+ 7re?ad+ ?a"#ri"e -i s+ disti%0+ e&#$ii"e estetice. i( ca -i #ricare a"t+ acti?itate a s7iritu"ui #&e%esc( -i arta "ecturii %u aNu%0e # art+ %#!i"+( dec't 7ri% 7uterea sa de a 7re?edea er#ri"e -i &edi#crit+$i"e( -i 7ri% ?irtutea de a ec#%#&isi ti&7u"( c+r$i"e ese%$ia"e 7e care tre!ui s+ "e cu7ri%d+ # !i!"i#tec+ 7ers#%a"+ 8ii%d 7u$i%e "a %u&+rI534. Q r#!"e&a ca7ita"+ este deci/ 7ri% ce &et#d+ "ectura aNu%0e # 8u%c$ie #r0a%ic+( de asi&i"are -i %utri$ie( de7+-i%d stadiu" di"eta%t( :% care se a8"+ &aN#ritatea #a&e%i"#r< ri% ce &iN"#c "ectura :%ce7e s+ %e :%?e$e s+ 0'%di&( s+ :%$e"e0e&< MaN#ritatea se&e%i"#r %#-tri citesc( :% ce" &ai !u% ca*( ca s+ a8"e "ucruri %#i( ca s+ -tie c't &ai &u"te "ucruri. D#ri%$a aceasta este e=ce"e%t+ "a :%ce7utu" educa$iei( dar e 8ata"+ "a &iN"#cu" ?ie$ii( "a &aturitate. Tre!uie desc#7erite( atu%ci( c+r$i care %e aNut+ %u s+ -ti&( ci s+ :%$e"e0e&K c+r$i care %e :%dea&%+( 8+r+ -tirea %#astr+( "a 0'%dire( "a e=a&e% 9e?a"uare %.%.;( "a re8"ec$ie 7ers#%a"+. Dac+ s#c#ti& c+r$i"e 8u%da&e%ta"e ca u% i*?#r %esecat de e%er0ie &e%ta"+( "ectura aNu%0e # 7r#!"e&+ seri#as+ at't 7e%tru i%di?id( c't -i 7e%tru s#cietate. Te ata-e*i de c+r$i 7e%tru %es8'r-ite"e 8#r$e s7iritua"e care stau :%tre c#7er$i"e "#r( 0ata( :%t#tdeau%a( s+.$i ?i%+ :% aNut#r( s+ te :%a"$e sau s+ te 8ecu%de*e. Nu %e este :%0+duit s+ "+s+& %e8#"#site ase&e%ea 7r#di0i#ase i*?#are de e%er0ie. Nu %e este :%0+duit s+ trece& 7ri% ?ia$+ %e8#"#si%d e%er0ia c#%de%sat+ :% c+r$iI536( cu at't &ai &u"t cu c't Qcartea este 9-i %.%.; u% 8er&e%t s7iritua" de &are 7utereJ S+ %e a&i%ti& c+( :% ist#rie( e?e%i&e%te"e &ari( su%t 8+cute( de &u"te #ri( de c+tre #a&e%i e%tu*ias&a$i de # idee( de # carteI53C( 7recu& -i c+ Q8u%c$ia 7ri&#rdia"+( &istic+( a "ecturii( este aceea de a sta!i"i c#%tacte :%tre #& -i C#s&#s( de a a&i%ti &e&#riei scurte -i "i&itate a #&u"ui( # ?ast+ e=7erie%$+ c#"ecti?+( de a "u&i%a rituri"eI532. Iar( dac+( du7+ cu& 7reci*ea*+ etre Ge#r0escu.De"a8ras( Q7ri% &ici s8#r$+ri( i*!uti& s+ aNu%0e& "a u% 0rad &ai :%a"t de cu"tur+ i%te"ectua"+( atu%ci 7rice7e&( &ai te&ei%ic( c+ &u%ca este c#%di$iu%ea de c+7ete%ie 7e%tru 7+strarea s+%+ta$ii -i a ?ie$ii( -i c+ %u&ai 7ri% &u%c+ c#%ti%u+ %e 7ute& ?edea idea"u" :%de7"i%itJ S+ &u%ci& 7e%tru 7er8ec$i#%area &eseriei %#astre( s+ &u%ci& 7e%tru "u&i%area creieru"ui %#stru( s+ &u%ci& 7e%tru !i%e"e se&e%i"#r %#-tri. Chiar dac+ se :%t'&7"+ s+ %u %e ?ede& idea"u" :%de7"i%it 7e de.a.%tre0u"( t#tu-i ?#& 8i 8+cut u% 7r#0res destu" de si&$it#r( care se 7#ate ?edea %u&ai c#&7ar'%du." cu starea :% care %e 0+sea& &ai :%ai%te. i acest 7r#0res( 7resu7u%'%d c+ ar 8i &ic de#ca&dat+( tre!uie s+ %e !ucure( tre!uie s+ %e &'%dreasc+( c+ci( :% s8'r-it( a& 8+cut ce?a. De "a a %u 8ace %i&ic( 7'%+ "a a 8ace #ric't de 7u$i%( este dista%$+ &are( &are de t#t. Nici#dat+ &u%ca !i%e chi!*uit+ -i 534 i!ide&( 7a0. 565( 564( 522 536 i!ide&( 7a0. 526( 52C 53C i!ide&( 7a0. 528 532 i!ide&( 7a0. 522 550 8#"#sit#are %#u+ :%-i%e -i s#ciet+$ii :%tre0i %u r+&'%e %er+s7"+tit+. ri% &u%c+( &u"$i "ucr+t#ri au aNu%s "a situa$ii !u%e -i #%#ra!i"e( 7ri% &u%c+ &u"$i i%cu"$i @ #a&e%i di% 7#7#r @ au de?e%it :%dru&+t#ri ai #&e%irii. Tre!uie s+ %e de7ri%de& s+ %u a-te7t+& de "a %i&e%i %ici u% aNut#r. T#tu" s+ 8ace& %#i :%-i%e( c+ci %u&ai a-a 8ace& ce?a trai%ic. P%+"$area %#astr+ s+ %e.# 8ace& si%0uri( cu # de7"i%+ c#%-tii%$+ a 8a7te"#r %#astre. i( 7e%tru ca s+ %e :%+"$+& c't &ai sus( tre!uie s+ &u%ci& c't &ai &u"t. Mu%ca( :% de8i%iti? 97ri% re*u"tate"e 7#*iti?e 7e care %i "e aduce %.%.;( %e 7r#cur+ ade?+rata 8ericire( 7e care # c+ut+& *adar%ic aiurea. Nu &+.%d#iesc c+ t#at+ "u&ea :%$e"e0e c+ &u%ca tre!ui s+ 8ie ci%stit+. Ci%stea s+ %e c+"+u*easc+ :% t#ate cu?i%te"e %#astre( :% t#ate

57

8a7te"e %#astre( :% t#ate as7ira$ii"e %#astre. Nu %e 7ute& !ucura cu ade?+rat de 8ructu" u%ei &u%ci :%c#rdate( dac+ aceasta %u a 8#st ci%stit+. A 8i ci%stit :%se&%ea*+ a a?ea u% caracter 8ru&#s( %#!i"( a 8i curat "a su8"et -i( ast8e"( a &erita t#at+ sti&a ce"#r cu care i%tr+& :% c#%tact. Este chiar # *ic+t#are/ &ai !i%e s+rac( dar cu 8a$a curat+. S+ %u 7ierde& di% ?edere %ici acest s8at 7e care :" au*i& adese#ri/ S+ 8i& ec#%#&i\ Da( s+ 8i& ec#%#&i\ Ec#%#&ia este cea &ai &are !#0+$ie( 7e%tru c+ %ici#dat+ %u &er0e& cu che"tuia"a &ai de7arte de su&a de !a%i ce # a?e&I538. C+ci( du7+ cu& at't de 7"astic %i se adresea*+ Mihai E&i%escu/ QDi%tre ce" ce c'-ti0+ 50 -i che"tuie-te 55( -i ce" ce c'-ti0+ 2 -i che"tuie-te 5( acest di% ur&+ e !#0at( iar ce" di%t'i e s+racI531. QNatura" c+ %u t#$i 7#t 8ace ec#%#&ii( 8ii%dc+ &u"$i c'-ti0+ at:t de 7u$i%( c+ a!ia :-i 7#t duce ?ia$a de a*i 7e &'i%e. Dar cei care au u% 7ris#s( #ric't de &ic( e 7+cat s+ %u 8ac+ ec#%#&iiJ S7iritu" de ec#%#&ie :" schi&!+ 7e #& cu t#tu"/ :i d+ t+rie( :i d+ s7era%$e( :i d+( :% s8'r-it( &iN"#cu" rea" de a 8ace( &ai t'r*iu( :%tre7ri%deri c#&ercia"e #ri i%dustria"e. i a7#i( c'te ca*uri %e7re?+*ute %u %i se 7re*i%t+ :% ?ia$+ c'%d a?e& a!s#"ut+ %e?#ie de # su&+ #arecare de !a%i< Nu e &ai !i%e ca( :% "#c s+ a"er0+& "a c+&+tari( de "a cari s+ cere& !a%i. :&7ru&ut cu d#!'%*i #%er#ase( s+ a?e& !a%u" %#stru( 7us de#7arte( -i s+ 8i&( ast8e"( t#tdeau%a "i%i-ti$i< Da( e &ai !i%e( e de # &ie de #ri &ai !i%e\ De aceea( s+ %u uit+& %ici#dat+ acest ?echi s8at/ s+ 8i& ec#%#&i\ Cu"tur+( &u%c+( ci%ste( ec#%#&ie( s+ 8ie ?e-%ic 7re*e%te :% &i%tea %#astr+ @ e"e s+ 8ie ade?+ratu" %#stru cre* @ -i s+ 8i& si0uri c+( %ici#dat+( %u ?#& a?ea 7ri"eNu" s+ %e 7"'%0e& de 7rea &u"te a&+r+ciu%i :% ?ia$+I540. 538 etre Ge#r0escu.De"a8ras( #7.cit.( 7a0. 82.81 531 Mihai E&i%escu( I"ustra$ii ad&i%istrati?e( Ti&7u"( 58 dece&!rie 5822( :% O7ere( ?#". A( Edi$ie critic+ :%te&eiat+ de er7essicius( Editura Acade&iei R#&'%e( Bucure-ti( 5181( 7a0. 26 540 etre Ge#r0escu.De"a8ras( #7.cit.( 7a0. 81.10 555 De ase&e%ea( Qar tre!ui 9tre!ui %.%.; s+ %u&+r+& 7ri%tre &iN"#ace"e de :%t+rire i%di?idua"+ :%c+ ce?a/ 0i&%astica 9e=erci$ii"e 8i*ice %.%.;. Este -tiut c+( &u"$i di%tre %#i( 8ace& # !u%+ 0i&%astic+ chiar :% ti&7u" "ucru"ui( dar aceast+ 0i&%astic+ %u se 7#tri?e-te cu 9este %et i%8eri#ar+ ca e8ecte 7#*iti?e :% c#&7ara$ie cu %.%.; aceea 7e care a& 8ace.# :% "i%i-te( "a aer curat( :%tr.u% ti&7 c'%d %u su7+r+& 7e %i&e%i -i c'%d %i&e%i %u %e su7+r+. C'te 7u$i%+ 0i&%astic+ 7e *i( di&i%ea$a sau seara( :%t+re-te &uscu"atura( %e 8#rti8ic+ c#r7u"( %e :%*dr+?e%e-te 9:%?i#rea*+ %.%.; t#t #r0a%is&u". i t#c&ai acest "ucru %e tre!uie &ai &u"t dec't #rice. ti& c+ # &i%te s+%+t#as+ %u 7#ate 8i dec't :%tr.u% c#r7 s+%+t#s. i &ai -ti& c+( a7r#a7e :%t#tdeau%a( !u%a dis7#*i$ie 7e%tru #rice 8e" de acti?itate e :% str'%s+ "e0+tur+ cu s#"iditatea c#r7u"ui -i cu !u%a dis7#*i$ie a st#&acu"ui. S+ %e 8#"#si&( deci( -i de acest &iN"#c de :%t+rire 8i*ic+( %u 7e%tru ca s+ de?e%i& at"e$i( ci 7e%tru ca s+ d+& c#r7u"ui %#stru # &ai &are re*iste%$+( 7e%tru ca s+ 8i& #a&e%i :%tre0iI545. T#t#dat+( c#%ti%u+ Mircea E"iade( u% 7re$i#s a7#rt "a :%t+rirea re*iste%$ei 7sihice :" c#%stituie &edita$ia. P% acest se%s( e" %#tea*+/ QMedita$ia este u% e=erci$iu s7iritua" 8#arte 7u$i% 7racticat :% "u&ea &#der%+. De-i at'$ia #a&e%i ?#r!esc de &edita$ie -i te&e de &editat( u% 7rea &ic %u&+r di%tre ei cu%#sc :%tr.ade?+r ce :%sea&%+ acest "ucru. e%tru c+( :% 0e%era"( #a&e%ii &#der%i :-i "i&itea*+ ?ia$a &e%ta"+ "a 7r#!"e&e &#%de%e( "a 8a7te -i 7re#cu7+ri 7rea str'%s "e0ate de "u&ea trec+t#are. Ceasuri"e 7e care &#der%ii "e 7etrec 8+r+ s+ se 0'%deasc+ "a ase&e%ea "ucruri su%t( de ce"e &ai &u"te #ri( 7ierdute :% re?erieI542( adic+ :%tr.u% Qaut#&atis& &e%ta" :% care @ s7re de#se!ire de i&a0i%a$ie -i 8a%te*ie( u%de i%i$iati?a # are &i%tea u&a%+ @ #&u" e 7asi?( s7ectat#r( asist'%d cu& :i trec 7ri% 8a$a #chi"#r 8e" de 8e" de i&a0i%i( a7r#a7e t#ate ate%uate( #!scure( ?a0i( desc#&7useK as#cia$ii &e%ta"e %e8erti"e care %e st+7'%esc -i %e :&7iedic+ s+ 8i& tre*i 9"uci*i %.%.; chiar -i :% &ari"e :&7reNur+ri 9cu&7e%e %.%.; a"e ?ie$ii %#astreI543. QDu7+ cu& su%t # su&+ de #a&e%i c+r#ra "i se 7are c+ &editea*+ @ :% ti&7 ce d#ar ?isea*+ treNi .( su%t -i 8#arte &u"$i care cred c+ &editea*+ 7e%tru c+ se 0'%desc "a a%u&ite 7r#!"e&e( &ai &u"t sau &ai 7u$i% ese%$ia"e. A te 0'%di "a # chestiu%e 7#"itic+( a studia u% as7ect a" 7r#!"e&ei s#cia"e( a re8"ecta chiar "a u% su!iect 0e%era" @ cu& ar 8i "i%ii"e de de*?#"tare ist#ric+ a u%ui 7#7#r @ %u :%sea&%+ a &edita. P%sea&%+( 7ur -i si&7"u( a 0'%diK adic+ a c+uta s+ :%$e"e0i cau*a u%ui "ucru( sau "e0ea sa de de*?#"tare( sau ?a"#area "ui #!iecti?+. G'%direa este u% e=erci$iu &e%ta" 8#arte di8ici" -i 8#arte %#!i"( dar &edita$ia este cu t#tu" a"tce?a. ri% &edita$ie se :%$e"e0e %u&ai

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545 i!ide&( 7a0. 10(15 542 Mircea E"iade( 60 de c#%8eri%$e radi#8#%ice( 7a0. 532 543 i!ide&( 7a0. 52C( 522 552 ace" e=erci$iu s7iritua" 7ri% care #&u" :%cearc+ s+ se a7r#7ie de &ari"e rea"it+$iK !u%+#ar+( de rea"itatea &#r$ii sau a %i&ic%iciei ?ie$ii #&e%e-ti. O!iecte"e &edita$iei 7#t 8i %u&er#ase( dar 8u%c$ia ei r+&'%e aceea-i/ de a a&i%ti #&u"ui "e0i"e de 8ier care :" c#%duc( rea"it+$i"e ese%$ia"e 7e care e" "e uit+ 7rea des( 7ri%s de ?'"t#area "u&ii -i a%tre%at :% dureri"e -i a&!i$ii"e ei trec+t#are. A &edita este u% "ucru res7#%sa!i"( :% se%su" c+( 7ri% &edita$ie( #&u" se a-ea*+ 8a$+ :% 8a$+ cu rea"itatea. N#i -ti& ce e=tra#rdi%ar+ 7"as+ de i"u*ii $ese& :% 8a$a #chi"#r %#-tri( ca s+ %u ?ede& "i&7ede -i c#%ti%uu rea"itateaJ N#i -ti& cu ce art+ %e 7+c+"i& 7e %#i :%-i%e( s7u%'%du.%e c+ ?ia$a %u cu%#a-te "e0i( 8ie c+ 7"+cerea este si%0ura &#ra"+ 7#si!i"+( sau &ai -tiu eu ce. Cu ase&e%ea i"u*ii tr+i&( %e *!ate&( :%cerc+& s+ :%?i%0e& @ -i( chiar( cu ase&e%ea i"u*ii :%cerc+& s+ %e rese&%+&. Dar %u %e d+& sea&a c+ su%t i"u*ii dec't c'%d( 7ri%tr.# :%t'&7"are #arecare( su%te& 7u-i 8a$+ :% 8a$+ cu rea"itatea( cu ade?+rata rea"itate. Ase&e%ea :%t'&7"+ri str+!at :% ?ia$a 8iec+rui #&. Nu se 7#ate ca s+ %u r+&'%e&( ce" 7u$i% # dat+ :% ?ia$a %#astr+( si%0uri( cu des+?'r-ire si%0uri( de7arte de "u&e( de7arte de "u&i%i 9a&+0iri sc"i7it#are %.%.; -i #a&e%i( -i s+ %u :%$e"e0e&( de#dat+( 8a"sitatea ?ie$ii 7e care # ?ie$ui&( cu&7"ita ei &edi#critate( cu&7"ita ei irea"itate &ai a"es. Eiecare #& -i.a 8+cut atu%ci 8+0+duie"i s#"e&%e( c+ ?a 8i &ai 7u$i% %e7+sat#r 8a$+ de su8"etu" "ui( c+.-i ?a dedica # c't de &ic+ 7arte di% ti&7u" -i e8#rturi"e sa"e( 7e%tru %utrirea -i "u&i%area acestui su8"et. Dar t#$i cu%#a-te&( di% trista %#astr+ e=7erie%$+( c't de re7ede a& uitat ase&e%ea ceasuri re?e"at#rii( c't de re7ede a& uitat -i s#"e&%e"e %#astre 8+0+duie"i. "asa i"u*ii"#r este &ai tare( cu &u"t &ai tare dec't d#ri%$a %#astr+ de !i%eJ G+si& at'tea "ucruri de 8+cut( at'tea 7r#!"e&e de de*!+tut( at'tea &u%ci de :&7"i%it @ trece& 7ri% at'tea 7asiu%i( -i e%tu*ias&e( -i re?#"te( -i dureri( -i !ucurii @( :%c't %u &ai a?e& %ici ti&7( %ici :%c"i%are de a 0'%di 7u$i% -i "a 8ii%$a %#astr+ su8"eteasc+( "a 8ericirea %#astr+. Eericirea se c#%8u%d+( :% "u&ea &#der%+( cu %e%u&+rate ere*ii 9a!ateri de "a ?ertica"itatea &#ra"+ %.%.; -i si&u"acre( dar cea &ai #!i-%uit+ c#%8u*ie este :%tre 8ericire -i c#%8#rt. De aceea( #a&e%ii care caut+( cu #rice 7re$( c#%8#rtu"( :&!e"-u0area( st+7'%irea a c't &ai &u"te -i &ai scu&7e "ucruri( %u ?#r :%t'"%i( %ici#dat+( 8ericireaJ Eericit %u 7#ate 8i dec't #&u" care %u se te&e de rea"itate( care :i 7+tru%de "e0i"e( care :-i cu%#a-te( &ai a"es( su8"etu"J Medita$ia ar 8i 9este %.%.; deci e=erci$iu" s7iritua" 7ri% care #&u" se :%t#arce :% rea"itate( :% ade?+rata rea"itateK 7e care 8iecare di%tre %#i # :%tre*+re-te c'te#dat+( dar 7e care 8iecare di%tre %#i # uit+ %eiertat de re7ede. Medita$ia este t#c&ai teh%ica 7ri% care #&u" se 7#ate a7r#7ia de rea"itate :% #rice c#%di$iu%i( :% #rice dec#r @ c+ci( chiar dac+ se rea"i*ea*+ &ai !i%e :% si%0ur+tate( :% de7"i%+ "i%i-te( a7r#a7e de %atur+( cadru" %u :i este i%dis7e%sa!i". Ducru" ese%$ia" este s+ &edit+&K adic+ s+ %e recu"e0e&( s+ %e re0+si&( s+ "u+& c#%tact cu rea"itatea( s+ cu%#a-te& ade?+rata c#%di$ie u&a%+( ade?+ratu" se%s a" e=iste%$ei . di%c#"# de 7"asa i"u*ii"#r( di%c#"# de &ici"e ara%Na&e%te "#0ice -i &#ra"e a"e 8iec+ruia di%tre %#i J G'%di$i.?+ c'te "ucruri :%curcate s.ar si&7"i8ica -i c'te dureri #!scure ar 8i :%"+turate( dac+( :% 8iecare %#a7te( :%ai%te de a se 7re0+ti 7e%tru s#&%( #&u" ar r+&'%e 553 %u&ai c'te?a &i%ute si%0ur -i ar a?ea curaNu" s+ 7ri?easc+ dre7t rea"itateaJ N#i( de #!icei( trece& direct di% 7ati&i"e( di% a&!i$ii"e( &u%ci"e -i re?erii"e *i"ei( :% s#&u" i%ert a" %#7$ii. Nu a?e& %ici &+car ci%ci &i%ute ca s+ &edit+&K s+ %e a&i%ti&( adic+( ade?+ratu" se%s a" ?ie$ii( s+ %e a&i%ti& c+ &#artea %e 7#ate sur7ri%de :% #rice c"i7+( -i %#i %.a& 8+cut %i&ic( dar a!s#"ut %i&ic( 7e%tru cre-terea -i "u&i%area su8"etu"ui %#stru. Medita$ia este # 8#arte !u%+ che&are "a #rdi%e( este u% i%ter?a" rea" :%tre ce"e d#u+ &ari 7eri#ade de ?is @ ?isu" c#tidia% a" i"u*ii"#r -i 7ati&i"#r( -i ?isu" %#ctur% a" tru7u"uiJ ri% &edita$ie %e a&i%ti& c+ su%te& #a&e%i( c+ e=ist+ # de&%itate a s7eciei u&a%e( -i aceast+ de&%itate este t#c&ai :%$e"e0erea 9de c+tre %#i a %.%.; se%su"ui e=iste%$ei %#astreI544( de a Q%e :&7+ca cu "u&ea di% a8ar+ -i cu su8"etu" %#struI546. QNu&ai a%i&a"e"e tr+iesc 8+r+ c#%-tii%$a ?ie$ii "#r. O&u" e dat#r s+.-i dea sea&a de ?ia$a "ui( de c#%di$ia u&a%+ @ %u %u&ai s+ "u7te 7e%tru :&!u%+t+$irea acestei ?ie$iI54C( -i( &ai 0ra?( s+ caute Qa trece 7este 8ra0&e%tu" de ti&7 care :" de7ri&+( :% care se si&te i%ert( #!#sit( %e0ati?( c#%su&'%du." :% distrac$ii cu rit& !#"%+?ici#s( 8e!ri"( %e?r#tic. O 9ast8e" de %.%.; distrac$ie chea&+ 7e a"taK adic+ 8iecare distrac$ie :-i e7ui*ea*+ ?irtutea :%ai%te ca #&u" s+ 8i de7+-it ti&7u" %e0ati?( :%ai%te ca e" s+ se si&t+ sti&u"at( "u&i%#s( 8erti"I542( :%dea&%+ 8ii%$a u&a%+ "a Q"e%e i%te"ectua"+ . eter% ?a0a!#%daN 9&e%ta" %.%.; sau dis7#%i!i"itate deter&i%at+ di% i%ca7acitatea de a ac$i#%aI548. U% a"t e=erci$iu s7iritua" !e%e8ic este c#%te&7"a$ia. QTer&e%u" c#%te&7"a$ie se re8er+ "a # e=7erie%$+ c#%cret+( !i%e 7reci*at+( 7ri% care c#%-tii%$a %#astr+ 7#ate cu%#a-te a%u&ite #!iecte care %u %e su%t date 9c#0%#sci!i"e %.%.; i&ediat 7ri% si&$uri. A-adar( c#%te&7"a$ia ar 8i 9este %.%.; u% i%stru&e%t de cu%#a-tere( 7ri% care #&u" ia cu%#-tii%$+ de a%u&ite rea"it+$i di%c#"# de si&$uriK c+ci at't ese%$a #7erei de art+( c't -i ese%$a "ui Du&e*eu %u su%t #!iecte care %e cad %e&iN"#cit su! si&$uri. Ca

59

-i ce"e"a"te e=erci$ii s7iritua"e( ea( c#%te&7"a$ia( restaurea*+ echi"i!ru" i%teri#r a" #&u"ui( :i a&i%te-te care e ade?+ratu" se%s a" e=iste%$ei( :" aNut+ s+ cu%#asc+ rea"it+$i"e u"ti&e( 7e "'%0+ care #&u" trece( de #!icei( #r! -i surdI541. P%tr.u% cu?'%t( e=erci$iu" c#%te&7"a$iei Q%u este a"tce?a dec't cu%#a-terea rea"+( c#%cret+( e=7eri&e%ta"+( a acest#r rea"it+$i u"ti&e. ri% c#%te&7"a$ie( #&u" :%$e"e0e 0"#!a" &are"e &irac#" a" Bie$ii( 7ri% e" :-i a&i%te-te de ce"+"a"t &are &irac#"( a" &#r$ii. Este ade?+rat c+ %u. &i 7#t cu%#a-te 7ri% a%tici7a$ie 7r#7ria &ea &#arte. Dar 7#t 8#arte 544 i!ide&( 7a0. 532.53C 546 i!ide&( 7a0. 561 54C i!ide&( 7a0. 536 542 i!ide&( 7a0. 54C 548 i!ide&( 7a0. 5C5 541 i!ide&( 7a0. 532 554 !i%e cu%#a-te &#artea a"t#raK 7#t( adic+( #!ser?a c+ #a&e%ii &#r "'%0+ &i%e( -i aceast+ #!ser?a$ie # 7#t tra%s8#r&a :% e=7erie%$+. O e=7erie%$+ care se de#se!e-te h#t+r't de t#ate ce"e"a"te e=7erie%$e c#tidie%e a"e #&u"ui. O e=7erie%$+ 7e care # 7#t tra%s8#r&a :% c#%te&7"a$ie. C+ci 8u%c$iu%ea c#%te&7"a$iei este t#c&ai aceast+ tr+ire( aceast+ e=7eri&e%tare a Ade?+ruri"#r Mari( cu& su%t( !u%+#ar+( &#artea( ?ia$a( dra0#stea. ri% c#%te&7"a$ie #&u" se 7#ate ridica( de "a e=7erie%$a de 8iecare *i a ?ie$ii( "a :%$e"e0erea c#%cret+ a se%su"ui ?ie$iiK du7+ cu& se 7#ate ridica de "a 8a7tu" &#r$ii u%ei 7ers#a%e scu&7e( "a :%$e"e0erea c#%cret+ a rea"it+$ii &#r$ii. C#%te&7"a$ia este si%0uru" e=erci$iu s7iritua" care se re8er+ %u "a 7r#!"e&e -i "a ade?+ruri( ci "a 8ii%$a t#ta"+ a #&u"ui. ri% ce"e"a"te &iN"#ace de cu%#a-tere( %e a7r#7ie& de # rea"itate 8ra0&e%tat+ sau %e :%su-i& ade?+ruri "i&itate. ri% c#%te&7"a$ie( "u+& c#%tact cu 8ii%$a %#astr+ t#ta"+( i%di?i*i!i"+( c#%cret+. Oric'te ade?+ruri a& adu%a asu7ra #&u"ui( sau a ?ie$ii( sau a &#r$ii( %u 7ute& e7ui*a aceste rea"it+$i( %u 7ute& s7u%e/ Acu& cu%#sc t#t des7re #& sau des7re ?ia$+\ Su%t &i"i#a%e de 8a7te adu%ate 7'%+ acu& asu7ra ?ie$iiK &i"i#a%e de 8a7te cu"ese di% -tii%$e"e %atura"e( di% !i#"#0ie( di% ec#%#&ia 7#"itic+( di% s#ci#"#0ie( di% ist#rie. i t#tu-i( aceste &i"i#a%e de 8a7te( "a care se adau0+( *i"%ic( a"te &ii -i a"te *eci de &ii( -i a" c+r#r %u&+r %u se ?a s8'r-i %ici#dat+( %u e7ui*ea*+ aceast+ 0ra?+ rea"itate/ ?ia$a #&u"ui. Nu -ti& %ici#dat+ t#tu" des7re # ase&e%ea rea"itate. Su%t at'tea as7ecte( at'tea 8u%c$iu%i( at'tea 8a7te( :%c't s.au creat c'te?a du*i%i de -tii%$e ca s+ "e adu%e( s+ "e c##rd#%e*e( s+ "e e=7"ice. E=erci$iu" %u&it c#%te&7"a$ie are t#c&ai r#"u" de a che&a "a #rdi%e( de a sc#ate 7e #& di% &i"i#a%e"e de 8a7te -i &ii"e de ade?+ruri care :" :%c#%N#ar+ -i a." 7u%e 8a$+ :% 8a$+ cu rea"itatea ade?+rat+ -i si&7"+. r#!"e&a ca7ita"+ a #&u"ui este c+utarea se%su"ui e=iste%$ei. Su%t :%tre!+ri 7e care %u "e 7#ate #c#"i %i&e%i/ Ci%e su%t< Ce se%s are ?ia$a 7e +&'%t< De ce &.a& %+scut< Ase&e%ea :%tre!+ri -i "e.au 7us #a&e%ii 9:%c+ %.%.; de "a :%ce7utu" ist#riei( -i "a e"e tre!uie s+ r+s7u%d+ 8iecare i%s :% 7arte. De&%itatea #&u"ui( c#%-tii%$a "ui &#ra"+( ?a"#area s7eciei u&a%e chiar de7i%d de ase&e%ea :%tre!+ri. i r+s7u%su" 9"a e"e %.%.; %u." 0+si& 7ri% %ici # -tii%$+. R+s7u%su" "a aceste :%tre!+ri %u." 7ute& a8"a cercet'%d &i"i#a%e"e de 8a7te -i &ii"e de ade?+ruri care %e :%c#%N#ar+( ci c#%te&7"'%d 8a7tu" direct( rea"itatea :%trea0+ -i i%di?i*i!i"+. S.a #!ser?at( de c+tre %e%u&+ra$i 0'%dit#ri( &area de#se!ire di%tre 8a7te -i 8a7t. Ea7te"e su%t i%8i%ite( -i c#"ec$i#%area "#r %u se 7#ate ter&i%a %ici#dat+. Ea7tu"( :%s+( :" :%t'"%i& &ai rarK ?ia$a %#astr+ :%trea0+ este u% ase&e%ea 8a7tK iu!irea sau &#artea c#%stituie u% 8a7t. C#%te&7"area 8a7tu"ui este &u"t &ai 8erti"+( 7e%tru cre-terea %#astr+ su8"eteasc+( dec't cu%#a-terea a u% &i"i#% de 8a7teJ Marea rea"itate a ?ie$ii este ?ia$a ca 8a7t( ca u%itate. P%$e"e0erea 0"#!a"+( e=7eri&e%ta"+( c#%cret+( %u se 7#ate #!$i%e dec't 7ri% c#%te&7"a$ieJ Nu :%$e"e0i ?ia$a cercet'%d &i"i#a%e"e de 8ra0&e%te care # a"c+tuiesc( ci :%cerc'%d s+.i 7+tru%*i se%su" ese%$ia". Nu 7#$i :%$e"e0e #&u" studii%d a%tr#7#"#0ia( ist#ria sau ec#%#&ia 7#"itic+( ci "+&uri%du.$i( $ie :%su$i( se%su" e=iste%$ei u&a%e( c#%di$ia u&a%+. Medita$ia( t+cerea( 556 si%0ur+tatea( c#%te&7"a$ia( su%t e=erci$ii s7iritua"e 7e care %u "e &ai 7ractic+ a7r#a7e %i&e%i ast+*i. De aceea se :%t'"%esc ast+*i at'$ia #a&e%i care %u -tiu de ce tr+iesc( care %u :%$e"e0 ce :%sea&%+ se%su" e=iste%$ei. Aceasta :%c+ %.ar 8i 7rea 0ra?. Dar se :%t'&7"+ -i a"tce?a. Ase&e%ea #a&e%i au # ?ia$+ su8"eteasc+ 7i7er%icit+ -i !#"%a?+. Su%t 8#arte &u"$i #a&e%i !#"%a?i :% Nuru" %#stru( %u %u&ai 7i7er%ici$i su8"ete-teI560. C#%stat+&( chiar( Qu% 8e%#&e% 0e%era"/ c+( :% ti&7 ce cre-terea #r0a%ic+ a #&u"ui 9de*?#"tarea tru7u"ui #&e%esc %.%.; este c#%ti%u+( ea %eter&i%'%du.se dec't #dat+ cu &#artea !i#"#0ic+ @ cre-terea s7iritua"+ a sa se #7re-te :% Nuru" ?'rstei de 5C a%i. De atu%ci( &aN#ritatea #a&e%i"#r %u &ai cresc( %u se &ai de*?#"t+. Aceasta di% cau*a u%ei i%su8icie%te %utri$ii s7iritua"e. O&u" r+&'%e t#at+ ?ia$a cu c'te?a su7ersti$ii "#0ice( c'te?a sche&e &e%ta"e( 7ri% care se :%c+7+$'%ea*+ s+ Nudece "u&ea -i s7iritu"I565.

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Iar Qcau*a acestei 0ra?e i%su"te aduse de&%it+$ii u&a%e # 0+si& :% %ecu%#a-terea ade?+ruri"#r si&7"e( :% i0%#rarea e=erci$ii"#r s7iritua"e care re"e?+ #&u"ui ade?+ratu" se%s a" e=iste%$ei. O&u" &#der% tr+ie-te 7rea &u"t :%c#%Nurat de 8a7te -i ade?+ruri a!stracte( u%i?ersa"e. C#%te&7"a$ia are t#c&ai acest r#" de a tra%s8#r&a ade?+ruri"e u%i?ersa"e :% e=7erie%$e c#%crete. Dac+ #a&e%ii s.ar 0'%di &ai des "a ?ia$+( "a dra0#ste -i "a &#arte @ "a aceste trei rea"it+$i decisi?e -i ese%$ia"e @( "u&ea c#%te&7#ra%+ ar 8i( 8+r+ :%d#ia"+( a"t8e"I562. U% e=tra#rdi%ar 7#te%$at#r a" e8ectu"ui !e%e8ic( ce." 7ute& #!$i%e( 8iecare di%tre %#i( 7ri% uti"i*area acestui &i= de &et#de aut#8#rti8icat#are( este ru0+ciu%ea. QEa . %e de*?+"uie ace"a-i Mircea E"iade . este tr+irea se%ti&e%tu"ui de de7e%de%$+( :%+"$area su8"etu"ui c+tre Du&%e*eu( setea de &'%tuire @ adic+ de :&7+care a #&u"ui cu e" :%su-i -i cu EireaJP% ru0+ciu%e se re*u&+ dra&a c#%di$iei u&a%e( &area ei %e7uti%$+ -i ar*+t#area ei s7era%$+J Ea este ce" &ai 7ur -i( :% ace"a-i ti&7( &ai u&a% act a" ?ie$ii re"i0i#aseK este actu" de a!dicare a #&u"ui :% 8a$a u%ei 7uteri %e?+*ute( actu" "ui de su!su&are u%ei di?i%it+$iI563J Ru0+ciu%ea :%de"u%0at+ -i ar*+t#are Qhr+%e-te :%$e"e0erea %#astr+ s7iritua"+( 8ace "#c :% su8"et s+ 7ri&i& 7e Du&%e*eu( "u&i%ea*+ #&u"ui "ucruri"e "ui Du&%e*eu( %e 8ace 8a&i"iari cu 8u"0ere"e Du&i%ii( aNut+ s+ creasc+ credi%$a -i %+deNdea :% Du&ea Bi%e"uiI564( adic+( 7#tri?it "ui Gri0#re Cristescu( a ace"ei #r0a%i*+ri s#cia"e s7iritua"i*ate( caracteri*ate 7ri% Qrei%te0rarea su8"etu"ui

560 i!ide&( 7a0. 532.545 565 i!ide&( 7a0. 522 562 i!ide&( 7a0. 545 563 i!ide&( 7a0. 508( 501 564 i!ide&( 7a0. 553 55C #&e%esc :% s8era su7eri#ar+ a u%ei ?ie$uiri 8+r+ u&!re -i 8+r+ sc+deriI566. QO&u" . c#%ce7tua"i*ea*+ Basi"e B+%ci"+ . a tr+it &u"t+ ?re&e :%tr.u% &ediu s#ci#.c#s&ic. Acesta e &ediu" %atura"( s+%+t#s( !i#"#0ic -i s7iritua" t#t#dat+. Ast+*i :%s+( e" tr+ie-te %u&ai :%tr.u% &ediu s#cia"( -i :%c+ :%tr.# s#cietate u%i"atera"+ sau de e=tracte e7ider&ice 9-i( &ai 0ra?( &ediu"ui s+u actua" :i su%t caracteristice :%0usti&ea i%te"ectua".a8ecti?+ -i i%sti%ctua"itatea 7ri&ar.se%*ua"+ %.%.; Su8"etu" #&e%esc tre!uie s+.-i cear+ dre7turi"e 7'%+ :% ce"e di% ur&+. Ceea ce se i&7u%e e # rec#s&i*are a #&u"ui. O sta!i"ire a "e0+turi"#r cu rea"itatea( # re#%t#"#0i*are a saI56C. ri% tra%s8#r&area de c+tre di% ce :% ce &ai &u"$i di%tre %#i a &i=u"ui ac$i#%a" e%u%$at :% &#d de ?ia$+( Q8u%c$ii"e &aN#re a"e #&u"ui @ 8u%c$ia &#ra"+( 8u%c$ia re"i0i#as+( 8u%c$ia "#0#su"ui @ ?#r rea7+rea :% chi7 8iresc :% u&a%itateI562( a?'%d ca i*?#are Qres#r!irea arti8icia"it+$i"#r -i re:%cadrarea :% rea"itateI568. Iar ea( u&a%itatea( ?a c#%-tie%ti*a di% %#u &a0%i8ica rea"itate a rit&uri"#r c#s&ice( sur7ri%s+( de c+tre Basi"e 'r?a%( :% d#ar d#u+ 8ra*e tu"!ur+t#r de de%se/ QEe%#&e%e"e ?ie$ii #&e%e-ti su%t # 7arte i%te0ra%t+ di% rit&ica u%i?ersa"+. Ace"ea-i "e0i c#s&ice deter&i%+ ?ia$a u&a%+ -i 7e cea e=trau&a%+( 7e +&'%t( ca -i :% ?ia$a "u&i"#r %es8'r-ite( :% U%i?ersI561. O 8#r&u"are ide%tic+( dar re"ati? deta"iat+( a su!sta%$ei i%8#r&a$i#%a"e a acest#r 0'%duri( uti"+( du7+ 7+rerea &ea( :%$e"e0erii c't &ai 7r#8u%de a "#r( %e este #8erit+ de Du&itru C#%sta%ti% Du"ca%/ QT#ate 7"a%uri"e e=iste%$ei ?i*i!i"e -i 9a ce"ei %.%.; i%?i*i!i"e se su7ra7u%/ #rice ac$iu%e :% 7"a% ?er!a"( a8ecti?( #r0a%ic sau 8u%c$i#%a"( 8i*ic sau 7ur i%8#r&a$i#%a"( se traduce #!"i0at#riu :% ter&e%i de e%er0ii( de at#&i( de reac$ii chi&ice( de &#!i"i*are 8i*ic+( de i%e"ucta!i"e "e0it+$i. E+r+ aceast+ su7ra7u%ere de 7"a%uri @ :%ce7'%d de "a 7articu"e"e su!at#&ice( trec'%d 7ri% chi&ie( !i#chi&ie( 8i*i#"#0ie( i%8#r&a$ie( ci!er%etic+( U%i?ers @ %i&ic %u e=ist+. De0ea 8u%da&e%ta"+ a U%i?ersu"ui # c#%stituie c#re"area ar&#%i#as+ a tutur#r acest#r 7"a%uri. Orice dist#rsiu%e "a %i?e" de ac$iu%e sau %u&ai de 0'%d i&7"ic+ !#a"a -i su8eri%$a. S#"u$ia 7re?e%irii "#r c#%st+ :% res7ectarea "e0ii ar&#%iei 7ri% c#%tr#"u" c#%-tie%t a" :%tre0ii c#%duite( care tre!uie s+ ai!+ # 8i%a"itate :% e=c"usi?itate 7#*iti?+( %e0e%tr#7ic+I5C0. 566 Gri0#re Cristescu( Ea7te -i #rie%t+ri cre-ti%e( Editura Ra&uri( Crai#?a( 5124( 7a0. 50 56C Basi"e B+%ci"+( Ei"#s#8ia ?'rste"#r( Editura A%astasia( Bucure-ti( 5112( 7a0. 33( 34

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562 i!ide&( 7a0. 34 568 i!ide& 561 Basi"e 'r?a%( Idei -i 8#r&e ist#rice( Editura Cartea R#&'%easc+( Bucure-ti( 5120( 7a0. 41 5C0 Du&itru C#%sta%ti%.Du"ca%( I%te"i0e%$a &ateriei( Edi$ia a II.a re?+*ut+ -i ad+u0it+( Editura Te#ra( Bucure-ti( 5112( 7a0. 212( 213 552 i( :% &+sura :% care( 0radu" %#stru de aut#disci7"i%+ ?a cre-te( s#"idari*area %#astr+ cu ur&+t#are"e &+rturii( de7use :% 8a$a eter%it+$ii de c+tre Ba"eriu #7a( ?a 8i &ai 7r#8u%d+/ QDi% ?ia$+ %u r+&'i dec't cu cu%#-tii%$e"e -tii%$i8ice acu&u"ate di% t#ate d#&e%ii"e -i cu 8a7te"e de iu!ire &#ra"+. sta e !a0aNu" cu care 7"eci sus( asta e t#at+ a?erea ta. ri% credi%$+ -i -tii%$+( tre!uie s+ aNu%0e& "a c#%?i%0erea c+ %u su%te& i%de7e%de%$i( ci de7e%de%$i( &#du" de de7e%de%$+ 8a$+ de Ce?a sau de Ci%e?a( ?a 8i de&#%strat &'i%eI5C5. QT#t ceea ce 8ace&( de "a 0'%d( 7ri?ire( 0est( ?#r!+( 8a7t+( se :%re0istrea*+ u%de?a :% 8i%itu" 9deter&i%a!i"u"( ast+*i d#ar cu &iN"#ace e=trase%*#ria"e( dar &'i%e cu 7r#cedee teh%ice a"e c+r#r re*u"tate ?#r 7utea 8i #!ser?ate( se%*#ria"( de c+tre #rici%e %.%.; care %e :%c#%N#ar+ -i( c'%d 7"ec+& di% ?ia$+ %e re:%t'"%i& cu %#i( 8ii%d direct r+s7u%*+t#ri 7e%tru t#t ce a& 8+cutI5C2.

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5C5 Ba"eriu #7a( Sa%da te8a%( Ra"uca Du&itrache( D+rui& "u&i%+ -i iu!ire 7e%tru ?i%decarea su8"etu"ui -i a tru7u"ui( Ti7#0ra8ia E?erest 2005( Bucure-ti( 2002( 7a0. 56 5C2 i!ide&( 7a0. 8 558 De&#%stra$ia e=iste%$ei u%ei cau*e 7ri&are a ?ie$ii( %e&ateria"+( u%ic+( :%$e"ea7t+( este ter&e%u" su!"i& "a care %e c#%duce Ei*i#"#0ia. Aceast+ Cau*+ 7ri&ar+ este

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Du&%e*eu. Nic#"ae au"escu( N#$iu%i"e de LSu8"etM -i LDu&%e*euM :% Ei*i#"#0ie @ "ec$ie 8+cut+ "a 58 8e!ruarie 5106( "a Eacu"tatea de Medici%+ di% Bucure-ti. Te=tu" se re0+se-te :% "ucrarea/ Dr. N.C. au"escu( Ei*i#"#0ie 8i"#s#8ic+( ?#". I( N#$iu%i"e de QSu8"etI -i QDu&%e*euI :% Ei*i#"#0ie( Edi$ie :%0riNit+ de Dr. B. Tri8u( Eu%da$ia re0a"+ 7e%tru Diteratur+ -i Art+( Bucure-ti( 5144( 7a0. 30

NICODAE CONSTANTIN AUDESCU I NOI

551

Medici e?rei &.au ru0at s+ i%ter?i% 7e "'%0+ 7r#8es#ru" au"escu -i s+." r#0 s+ %u &ai c#&!at+ Nid#?i&ea( ca s+ 7#at+ :%tre7ri%de ei( e?reii( # ca&7a%ie de 7e ur&a c+reia d'%su" ?a #!$i%e( cu si0ura%$+( re&iu" LN#!e"M. Dar 7r#8es#ru" a re8u*at cate0#ric -i a 7re8erat s+ se "ase 8urat.O ODr. B. Tri8u( r#8es#ru" au"escu 58C1.5135( I%tr#ducere "a ?#"u&u" Dr. N.C. au"escu( Ei*i#"#0ie 8i"#s#8ic+( ?#". I( N#$iu%i"e de QSu8"etI -i QDu&%e*euI :% Ei*i#"#0ie( Edi$ie :%0riNit+ de Dr. B. Tri8u( Eu%da$ia re0a"+ 7e%tru Diteratur+ -i Art+( Bucure-ti( 5144( 7a0. 2C

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520 Ist#ria # 8ac -i :%?i%0+t#rii -i :%?i%-ii. De#7#tri?+. P%s+( de scris # scriu %u&ai :%?i%0+t#rii. Bi%e:%$e"es 7#tri?it ?#i%$ei "#r. De c'te #ri ?#iesc ei Ade?+ru"<... De c'te #ri "e c#%?i%e ca acesta s+ 8ie a8"at<... Ori &+car c+utatJ A" d#i"ea R+*!#i M#%dia" a schi&!at 8a$a "u&ii. i s.a s8'r-it acu& &ai !i%e de # Nu&+tate de ?eac. ti$i asta( dra0ii &ei. Dar -ti$i -i ci%e ".a c'-ti0at< Ci%e ".a c'-ti0at :% 8a7t< Ci%e.i rea"u" "ui c'-ti0+t#r<... P%c+ :% 5125 r#8es#ru" D#ct#r Nic#"ae C#%sta%ti% au"escu 958C1.5135; desc#7er+ i%su"i%a. Su!sta%$a care( a% du7+ a%( sa"?ea*+ ?ie$i"e a &i"i#a%e -i &i"i#a%e de su8eri%*i de dia!et. Care :i este !re?etat+ de Mi%isteru" I%dustriei -i C#&er$u"ui "a 50 a7ri"ie 5122( su! de%u&irea de L7a%crei%+M. Dar 7e%tru care Ba%ti%0 -i McDe#d 7ri&esc( :% 5124( re&iu" N#!e". QDa 2.8 "u%i de "a a7ari$ia re*u"tate"#r de8i%iti?e a"e "ui N.C. au"escu :% 7resa -tii%$i8ic+ i%ter%a$i#%a"+9K; E.C. Ba%ti%0 -i C.). Best( "ucr'%d :% "a!#rat#ru" de 8i*i#"#0ie a" 7r#8es#ru"ui McDe#d de "a U%i?ersitatea di% T#r#%t#( 8ac 7u!"ice re*u"tate"e #!$i%ute :% aceea-i direc$ie -i re?e%dicate ca 8ii%d a"e "#r. Ade?+ratu" desc#7erit#r 7r#testea*+ -i 7r#duce d#?e*i"e %ecesare( s7riNi%it de # 7arte a "u&ii -tii%$i8ice a ?re&ii( dar %u &ai 7#ate :&7iedica &area %edre7tate a!i" re0i*at+ de 8#ruri"e #ccide%ta"e 97r#!a!i" -i su! a%u&ite 7resiu%i e?reie-ti( a?'%d :% ?edere 7r#asta re7uta$ie de a%tise&it 7e care -i.# crease sa?a%tu" r#&'%;. Ba%ti%0 -i McDe#d 7ri&esc re&iu" N#!e"9K;. Se c#&itea ast8e"( cu # a!Nec$ie se%i%+( 7r#!a!i" cea &ai &are escr#cherie di% ist#ria -tii%$i8ic+ a sec#"u"ui AA.I9R+*?a% C#drescu( D#ct#ru" Nic#"ae C. au"escu sau -tii%$a "ui Sci# Deu& Esse( :% ?#"u&u" D#ct#ru" Nic#"ae C. au"escu sau tii%$a &+rturisit#are( Crest#&a$ie( %#te -i ta!"#u !i#.!i!"i#0ra8ic de R+*?a% C#drescu( Editura Christia%a( Bucure-ti( 2002( 7a0. 51.20; Escr#cherie %ici 7'%+ ast+*i re7arat+\ 9Oare de ce<...; Escr#cherie des7re care Dr. B. Tri8u &+rturise-te 7u!"ic :% 5144/ Q&edici e?rei &.au ru0at s+ i%ter?i% 7e "'%0+ 7r#8es#ru" au"escu -i s+." r#0 s+ %u &ai c#&!at+ Nid#?i&ea( ca s+ 7#at+ 525 :%tre7ri%de ei( e?reii( # ca&7a%ie de 7e ur&a c+reia d'%su" ?a #!$i%e( cu si0ura%$+( re&iu" LN#!e"M. Dar 7r#8es#ru" a re8u*at cate0#ric -i a 7re8erat s+ se "ase 8uratI. 9Dr. B. Tri8u( r#8es#ru" au"escu 58C1.5135( I%tr#ducere "a ?#"u&u" Dr. N.C. au"escu( Ei*i#"#0ie 8i"#s#8ic+( ?#". I( N#$iu%i"e de QSu8"etI -i QDu&%e*euI :% Ei*i#"#0ie( Edi$ie :%0riNit+ de Dr. B. Tri8u( Eu%da$ia re0a"+ 7e%tru Diteratur+ -i Art+( Bucure-ti( 5144( 7a0. 2C; LS+ %u &ai c#&!at+ Nid#?i&eaM\ Dar+ cu& a%u&e # Lc#&!+teaM< QA adresat( :% 5125( # "u%0+ LScris#are c+tre #?reiM 9 au"escu( Ce"e 7atru 7ati&i( . LScris#are c+tre O?reiM( 7a0. 582.255;( :% care "e ar+ta( cu 7r#7rii"e "#r &+rturii( i%te%$ii"e cri&i%a"e -i ?i$ii"e( :% care s.au scu8u%dat( . de ce su%t ur'$i de "u&e( . ce s#art+ %e%#r#cit+ :i a-tea7t+. De ?#r!ia des7re "e0ea di?i%+ a Iu!irii -i.i che&a :% s'%u" Bisericii "ui Christ#sI.9Dr. B. Tri8u( #7era citat+( 7a0. 46; QNu &ai chi%ui$i O&e%irea( :%tre$i%'%d Disc#rdia -i 7r#?#c'%d re?#"u$ii -i r+*!#aie. D+sa$i "u&ea :% 7ace( . -i !i%e8aceri"e +cei se ?#r re?+rsa asu7ra ?#astr+. Dar( &ai 7resus de t#ate( cere$i "ui Du&%e*eu s+ ai!+ &i"+ de ?#i -i s+ ?+ dea 7u$i%+ :%$e"e7ciu%e( ca s+ %u &ai 7ersecuta$i Cre-ti%is&u"( -i chiar s+ ?+ :%t#arce$i "a D#ctri%a su!"i&+ a "ui Christ#sJ 7e care( :% starea actua"+ de tur7itudi%e &#ra"+( :% care 7utre*i$i( %.# 7ute$i 7rice7eI.9Nic#"ae C. au"escu( Ce"e 7atru 7ati&i -i re&edii"e "#r( Editura Cartea R#&'%easc+( Bucure-ti( 5125( 7a0. 255; QLO?reii au r+&as # %a$ie. Aceast+ %a$ie e c#%?i%s+ c+ I&7eriu" "u&ii :i a7ar$i%e. Ea %u are ca &iN"#c de a rea"i*a aceasta( dec't c#ru7$ia s7irite"#r care duce "a desc#&7u%erea s#cia"+.

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e%tru a c#%chide( *icea Marchi*u" de "a T#ur du i%( cu d#u+ dece%ii :%ai%te 9Marduis de "a T#ur du i%/ Bers u% Ordre s#cia" chrbtie% 95102;( citat de De#% de #%ci%s :% Da &Tstbrieuse i%ter%ati#%a" Nui?e( aris 513C( 7a0. 222;( e&a%ci7area %#astr+ de7i%de de siste&u" +ri%$i"#r %#-tri/ a; A %u se trata O?reii dec't ca str+i%i( -i ca str+i%i 7ri&eNdi#-i. 522 !; S+ se recu%#asc+ -i s+ se a!Nure t#ate er#ri"e 8i"#s#8ice( 7#"itice -i ec#%#&ice cu care ei %e.au #tr+?it. c; S+ se rec#%stituie :% #rdi%ea ec#%#&ic+( ca -i :% #rdi%ea 7#"itic+( #r0a%e"e ?ie$ii 7r#7rii( care %e 8+ceau i%de7e%de%$i 8a$+ de ei( -i st+7'%i "a %#i acas+M. Iar B#"taire( care( de-i %u era %ici ateu( %ici &ateria"ist( ?#ia s+ c#&!at+ t#tu-i Cat#"icis&u"( . ca s+ 7"ac+ as#cia$iei #cu"te a Mas#%eriei( . %u s.a 7utut :&7iedica s+ scrie cate0#ric( cu a7r#a7e d#u+ ?eacuri :%ai%te( :% LDicti#%%aire hi"#s#7hidueM/ LO?reii cred c+ :%tr.ade?+r( :%tr.# *i( 7re*iceri"e #rac#"e"#r "#r se ?#r :%de7"i%i -i c+ ei ?#r a?ea :&7+r+$ia 7+&'%tu"ui.M r#8es#ru" au"escu era &u"t &ai 7u$i% ?ehe&e%t ca a"$ii. T#tu-i( # ade?+rat+ 8urie a cu7ri%s 7e c#%duc+t#rii Iudais&u"ui( -i( 8ire-te( 7e %u&er#-ii "#r L7riete%iM9K;. T#tu-i( &edicii e?rei c#%ti%uau s+.i tri&it+ 7e c#re"i0i#%arii "#r( 7e%tru ca 7r#8es#ru" au"escu( !u% -i iert+t#r( :% 8a$a durerii( s+ "e descurce ca*uri"e i%e=7"ica!i"e -i s+ :%cerce s+ ?i%dece 7e ce"e dis7erateI.9Dr. B. Tri8u( #7era citat+( 7a0. 4C; r#8es#ru" au"escu( c+ruia QC"i%ica( Bi#"#0ia -i Ei*i#"#0ia i.au re?e"at cu # s7"e%did+ c"aritate( 7e Creat#r( . LCau*a 7ri&ar+M/ LDe&#%stra$ia e=iste%$ei u%ei cau*e 7ri&are a ?ie$ii( %e&ateria"+( u%ic+( :%$e"ea7t+( este ter&e%u" su!"i& "a care %e c#%duce Ei*i#"#0ia. Aceast+ Cau*+ 7ri&ar+ este Du&%e*euM( 7r#c"a&a au"escu :% 8a$a stude%$i"#r s+i ui&i$i -i 8er&eca$i. 9 au"escu( N#$iu%i"e de LSu8"etM -i LDu&%e*euM :% Ei*i#"#0ie @ "ec$ie 8+cut+ "a 58 8e!ruarie 5106( "a Eacu"tatea de Medici%+ di% Bucure-ti;I 9Dr. B. Tri8u( #7era citat+( 7a0. 30; D#ri%$a curat+ -i 8ier!i%te de a Pi s"uNi "ui Du&%e*eu/ iat+ ce.i "ea0+ :%tre#"a"t+ 7e 7r#8es#r -i 7e ti%eretu" %a$i#%a"ist R#&'%\ C'%d( Q"a 23 &artie 5124 :%ce7e "a Curtea cu Zura$i di% Bucure-ti Nudecarea a-a.*isu"ui c#&7"#t a" Stude%$i&ii :&7#tri?a 7r#7riu"ui 0u?er%9K;( are "#c ce"e!ra de7#*i$ie de &art#ri di% 523 7artea Ist#riei -i di% 7artea Di?i%it+$ii a 7r#8. dr. Nic#"ae au"escu9K;/

LO%#rat+ Curte\ O%#ra$i Nura$i\ Cau*a aNu%s+ :% Nudecata d#&%ii"#r d.?#astr+ %u este te%tati?a decis+ sau i%te%$ia %ec#%creti*at+ a u%#r ti%eri stude%$i de a :%tre!ui%$a ?i#"e%$a :% ra7#rturi"e di%tre 0u?er%a$i -i 0u?er%a%$i. Cau*a aNu%s+ :% Nudecarea d#&%ii"#r d.?#astr+ %u este ?re# #sti"itate &ai &u"t sau &ai 7u$i% a%tis#cia"+ :&7#tri?a 7#7u"a$iei e?reie-ti 7a-%ice( &u%cit#are -i 7'%+ "a 7r#!a c#%trar+ 7re*u&at+ a 8i "#ia"+ cu statu" care # 0+*duie-te -i :% care tr+ie-te. Na$iu%ea R#&'%+ a creat Statu" R#&'%. Na$iu%ea R#&'%+ este si%0ura r+s7u%*+t#are :% Ist#rie. Dac+ 7iere R#&'%ia( %u a"$ii( ci si%0uri %#i( r#&'%ii( ?#& 8i ?i%#?a$i. Res7#%sa!i"itatea aduce dre7tu" de a c#%duce -i( :%ai%te de aceasta( dre7tu" "a a7+rare. R#&'%ii su%t u% 7#7#r 7a-%ic -i # %a$iu%e c#%-tie%t+. Su%te& t#"era%$i cu str+i%ii 7e%tru c+ a?e& "e0iti&itate 7e 7+&'%tu" str+&#-esc -i 7e%tru c+ %u %e "i7se-te ca7acitatea de a asi&i"a de !u%+ ?#ie.

O%#rat+ Curte\ O%#ra$i Nura$i\ Cau*a aNu%s+ :% Nudecata d#&%ii"#r d.?#astr+ este cea &ai &are 7ri&eNdie %a$i#%a"+ -i s#cia"+ di% ist#ria de d#u+ &i"e%ii a 7#7#ru"ui %#stru. Cau*a aNu%s+ :%ai%tea d#&%ii"#r d.?#astr+ este c#%s7ira$ia E#r$e"#r Ocu"te &#%dia"e de a %i se "ua dre7tu" "a su?era%itate -i de a 8#%da aici :% s7a$iu" car7at#.7#%t#. du%+rea% Israe"u" eur#7ea%. 524

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Israe"u" eur#7ea%/ stat !i.%a$i#%a" cu e?reii c"as+ c#%duc+t#are -i e=7"#atat#are :% ca"itate de %a$iu%e :%?i%0+t#are -i cu %#i( r#&'%ii( c"as+ su!#rd#%at+ -i e=7"#atat+ :% ca"itate de %a$iu%e :%?i%s+. P% R#&'%ia %u e=ist+ a%tise&itis& %ati? sc#7 :% si%e di% ur+ de ras+ sau ur+ de re"i0ie. P% R#&'%ia e=ist+ %u&ai u% a%tise&itis& reacti? de "e0iti&+ a7+rare :&7#tri?a u%ei a0resiu%i di% e=teri#r :% c#&7"icitate cu tr+dare di% i%teri#r.

O%#rat+ Curte\ O%#ra$i Nura$i\ P%ai%te de a ?+ retra0e :% ca&era de de"i!erare -i :%ai%te de a "ua # deci*ie( ?+ adrese* # ru0+&i%te. B+ adrese* ru0+&i%tea s+ ?+ 0'%di$i c+ su%te$i e=7#%e%$ii u%ei %a$iu%i c+reia Du&%e*eu :i i%ter*ice a se si%ucide. Ru0+&i%tea c+ %.a?e$i chiar dre7tu" s+ uita$i ce"e 34 0e%era$ii 7re&er0+t#are de r#&'%i care ?+ 7ri?esc di% cer -i di% 7+&'%t. Ru0+&i%tea s+ ?+ 0'%di$i c+ %u a?e$i chiar :%tre0 dre7tu" de a %u $i%e sea&a de ce a-tea7t+ -i de ce %+d+Nduiesc de "a d. ?#astr+ ur&+t#are"e 0e%era$ii de r#&'%i.

O%#rat+ Curte\ O%#ra$i Nura$i\ Su%te$i :%dre7t+$i$i s+ Nudeca$i du7+ "e0i"e :% ?i0#are -i du7+ 7r#7ria d.?#astr+ c#%-tii%$+. U&i"a &ea ru0+&i%te -i &are ru0+&i%te a ist#riei su%t ca "a criteriu" "e0ii -i "a criteriu" c#%-tii%$ei s+ ad+u0a$i criteriu" Na$iu%ii care %u ?rea s+ &#ar+ -i care %u tre!uie s+ &#ar+.

O%#rat+ Curte\ O%#ra$i Nura$i\ 526 B+ :%s#$e-te ru0+&i%tea &ea -i eu a"+turi de :%trea0a Na$iu%e a?e& :%credere :% d#&%ii"e d.?#astr+.MI 9Dr. er!a% Mi"c#?ea%u( e%tru ce a 8#st asasi%at C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u< 30 %#ie&!rie 5138( ?#".I( E=7u%erea cr#%#"#0ic+ a 8a7te"#r( Editat 8+r+ sc#7 "ucrati? de As#cia$ia 8#-ti"#r 7re-edi%$i ai Stude%$i&ii 7ers#a%+ Nuridic+ -i Di0a 7e%tru a7+rarea Ade?+ru"ui ist#ric 7ers#a%+ Nuridic+( Bucure-ti( 2002( 7a0. 53.56; ((JBucuria ?ie$ii ta"e E#st.a s+ 0+se-ti Deacuri"e idea"e Eirii #&e%e-tiJI re*u&a( du7+ *ece a%i de "a trecerea :% eter%itate a sa?a%tu"ui( ?+ru" s+u 7ri&ar( Ci%ci%at a?e"escu. C#&7"eta.?#& #are ast+*i/ LSt+rui%$a 8a7tei %#astre Este s+ "e.ur&+&.M<

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52C BIBDIOGRAEIE 9%#&i%a"i*e* :% ea d#ar &ateria"e di% care a& citat sau "a care a& 8+cut re8erire direct+; Mare- I#a% M.( Era%c&as#%eria :% 8i"&u" LEcateri%a Te#d#r#iuM( 5133 REM.E.E.T.S AAA( Cu?'%tu" De0i#%ar( A% III( %r.3C( au0ust 200C( RC.D.III.3CSK A% III( %r. 31( %#ie&!rie 200C RC.D.III.31SK A% III( %r. 4C( iu%ie 2002( RC.D.III.4CSK A% IB( %r. 63( ia%uarie 2008( RC.D. IB. 63SK A% IB( %r. 66( &artie 2008( RC.D.IB.66SK A% IB( %r. C0( iu"ie 2008( RC.D.IB.C0S AAA( Di% "u7te"e Ti%eretu"ui R#&'%( 95151.5138;( Editura Eu%da$iei Bu%a Bestire( 5113( RD.D.T.R.S AAA( LD#saru"M Mircea E"iade( ?#". B( 9513C.5144;( Z#s 8arsa\( 7artea a d#ua( Cu?'%t :%ai%te -i cu"e0ere de te=te de Mircea )a%d#ca( Editura Curtea Beche( Bucure-ti( 2005( RD.M.E..Z.E.7.IIS AAA( E=7res Ma0a*i%( %r. 82( 26 &artie 5112 RE.M.82S AAA( Era%c&as#%eria. De*?+"uiri cutre&ur+t#are( %r. 2,2003( REM.D.C.2,2003S -i %r. 50,2003( REM.D.C.50,2003S AAA( Mi-carea De0i#%ar+ :% te=te #ri0i%a"e -i i&a0i%i( Editura Duc&a%( Bucure-ti( 8.a.( RM.D.T.O.I.S AAA( O!iecti? De0i#%ar( A% II( %r. 592;( ia%uarie 2004( RO.D.592;SK A% I( %r. 4( #ct#&!rie 2003( RO.D.4SK A% IB( %r. 38.31( Se7te&!rie.Oct#&!rie 200CK RO.D.38.31S AAA( er&a%e%$e( a%u" BII( %r. 55( %#ie&!rie.dece&!rie 2004( R .BII.55SK A%u" BIII( %r. 8( au0ust 2006( R .BIII.8S AAA( Sa%ti%e"a( %r. 52( iu%ie 2002 AAA( S+7t+&'%a r#&'%easc+( A% II( %r. 65( 5C.22 %#ie&!rie 200C RS.R.II.65S 522 AAA( Situa$ia E?rei"#r :% R#&'%ia( ?#". I( 5131.5145( 7artea I( C##rd#%at#ri D#c#te%e%t.c#"#%e" A"esa%dru Du$u -i Dr. C#%sta%ti% B#t#ra%( Editura Fara N#astr+( U%iu%ea Batra R#&'%easc+( Bucure-ti( 2003 A%dreW Crist#7her ^ G#rdie?sYi O"e0( [.G.B.( Editura A""( Bucure-ti( :% Nic#"ae Mitric+( E7is#ade di%tr.u% r+*!#i %edec"arat( 7artea a BI.a( :% REM.D.C.50,2003S A%0e"sd#r8 Ui"he"& ?#%( I&7eria"is&u" N#ii Ordi%i M#%dia"e( Traducerea Z#ha%% Du&itrescu( Editura A%tet( Bucure-ti( 8.a. B+descu I"ie( Cu 8a$a s7re Bi*a%$. Zur%a"( Editura E?e=( Bucure-ti( 5118 B+ia- I#%u$( Ci%e -i de ce c#%duce R#&'%ia( :% R .BIII.8S B+r*#i Ce*ari%a( Charis&a "ui C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u. ers7ecti?+ "e0i#%ar+( IB( :% R .BII.55S

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B+%ci"+ Basi"e( Arha%0he"i :% ist#ria r#&'%easc+( artic#" a7+rut :% O&u" N#u( Br+i"a( 5138( a7ud site.u" Eu%da$iei Ge#r0e Ma%uK Ei"#s#8ia ?'rste"#r( Editura A%astasia( Bucure-ti( 5112 Becescu E"#ri%( Era%c.Mas#%eria. Cri&+.S7i#%aN.A%arhie( Editura Ziaru"ui L #ru%ca Bre&iiM( Bucure-ti( 513C Ber%ea Er%est( Sti" "e0i#%ar( Ti7#0ra8ia Buc#?i%a( I.E. T#r#u$iu( Bucure-ti( 5132K reeditare Sa"*!ur0( C#"ec$ia O&u" N#u( 5163( a7ud site. u" Eu%da$iei Ge#r0e Ma%u Bide0ai% Zea%( Discurs r#stit :% a%u" 5106 :% 8a$a Mare"ui Orie%t a" Era%$ei( :% RO.D.592;S B#"dur D+$escu Ghe#r0he -i I#r0a Ei"i7.Ducia%( Ge%#cidu" c#&u%ist :% R#&'%ia( ?#". IB( Reeducarea 7ri% t#rtur+( Editura A"!atr#s( Bucure-ti( 2003 Br+descu Eaust( Bi*iu%ea i%te0ra"+ a Re?#"u$iei De0i#%are( re8a$+ de Dr. Ghe#r0he Bu*atu( edi$ie :%0riNit+ de Radu.Da% B"ad( Traducere di% "i&!a 8ra%ce*+ de M+d+"i%a Marti%( Editura MaNadah#%da( Bucure-ti( 5112 B"a0a Ducia%( Car%e$e"u" %e0ru( :% ?#"u&u" Ducia% B"a0a( A8#ris&e( Te=t sta!i"it -i :%0riNit de M#%ica Ma%u( Editura )u&a%itas( Bucure-ti( 2005 528 Br+i"ea%u Traia%( #"itica( Editura( A"!atr#s( Bucure-ti( 2003( 7a0. 356. Edi$ia a I.a( Ti7#0ra8ia Mitr#7#"itu" Si"?estru( Cer%+u$i( 5128 Bu*atu Ghe#r0he( Des7re "e0i#%ari -i "e0i#%aris&( 7re8a$+ "a &#%#0ra8ia C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u -i e7#ca sa( :% RC.Z.C.E.S.S Ci#!a%u I#% T.( Mr.( Dictatura Re0e"ui Car#" a" II."ea sau des7re cu& s. a :%cercat 0esti#%area cri*ei acesteia( :% RO.D.38.31S( 7a0. 3.6. Artic#" 7u!"icat i%i$ia" :% Re?ista Acade&iei E#r$e"#r Terestre Nic#"ae B+"cescu @ Si!iu( %r. 4 di% 5111 Ci#ra% E&i"( RM.D.T.O.I.S r#8i"u" i%teri#r a" C+7ita%u"ui( :% G"asu" str+&#-esc( Si!iu( a%u" BI( %r. 50 di% 26 dece&!rie 5140.( :%

C#drescu R+*?a%( P% c+utarea De0iu%ii 7ierdute( Editura Bre&ea( Bucure-ti( 2005K D#ct#ru" Nic#"ae C. au"escu sau -tii%$a "ui Sci# Deu& Esse( :% ?#"u&u" D#ct#ru" Nic#"ae C. au"escu sau tii%$a &+rturisit#are( Crest#&a$ie( %#te -i ta!"#u !i#. !i!"i#0ra8ic de R+*?a% C#drescu( Editura Christia%a( Bucure-ti( 2002 C#dri% Nic#"eta( Cu?'%t :%ai%te "a ?#"u&u" C#%sta%ti% a7a%ace( Sti"u" "e0i#%ar de "u7t+. C#%ce7$ia tactic+ a C+7ita%u"ui( Editura Duc&a%( Bucure-ti( 2004 C#Na I#%( De0i#%arii %#-tri( Editura UMC( Bucure-ti( 2005K )#"#caust :% R#&'%ia< Suit+ de d#cu&e%te -i &+rturii adu%ate -i c#%se&%ate de ION COZA( :% 8#"#su" 7ar"a&e%tari"#r -i a" aut#rit+$i"#r i&7"icate :% e"a!#rarea( a7r#!area -i a7"icarea Ord#%a%$ei de Ur0e%$+ %r. 35,2002 a Gu?er%u"ui R#&'%iei( Editura [#0ai#%( Bucure-ti( 2002( R)ODOCAUST PN ROMHNIA<SK N#t+ e=7"icati?+92;( cu?'%t i%tr#ducti? "a "ucrarea/ Situa$ia E?rei"#r :% R#&'%ia( ?#". I( 5131.5145( 7artea I( C##rd#%at#ri D#c#te%e%t.c#"#%e" A"esa%dru Du$u -i Dr. C#%sta%ti% B#t#ra%( Editura Fara N#astr+( U%iu%ea Batra R#&'%easc+( Bucure-ti( 2003K r#t#c#a"e"e [#0ai#%u"ui. Te*e -i i7#te*e c#%se&%ate -i aute%ti8icate de I#% C#Na 7e%tru a se :%$e"e0e -i e?a"ua c#rect C#%te%ci#su" R#&'%#. E?reiesc( i%c"usi? @ a-a %u&i%du." u%ii @ L)#"#caustu" di% R#&'%iaM( U%iu%ea Batra R#&'%easc+( Editura Fara N#astr+( Bucure-ti( 2004K Nicad#rii( :% RS.R.II.65S C#%si"iu" Na$i#%a" 7e%tru Studierea Arhi?e"#r Securit+$ii( IBa%de( !a%di$i -i er#iI. Gru7uri"e de re*iste%$+ -i Securitatea 95148.51C8;. D#cu&e%te( Editura E%cic"#7edic+( Bucure-ti( 2003 RIB.B.E.IS 521 C#%sta%ti%.Du"ca% Du&itru( I%te"i0e%$a &ateriei( Edi$ia a II.a re?+*ut+ -i ad+u0it+( Editura Te#ra( Bucure-ti( 5112

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Crai%ic Nichi8#r( Ort#d#=is& -i Mas#%erie( :% REM.E.E.T.SK Re?#"u$ia "e0i#%ar+( a7ud site.u" Eu%da$iei Ge#r0e Ma%u Cristescu Gri0#re( Ea7te -i #rie%t+ri cre-ti%e( Editura Ra&uri( Crai#?a( 5124 Cri-a% Radu Mihai( S7re E&i%escu. R+s7u%s r#&'%esc "a a&e%i%$+ri"e 7re*e%tu"ui -i "a 7r#?#c+ri"e ?iit#ru"ui( edi$ia a III.a re?i*uit+( 2006K Testa&e%tu" 7#"itic a" "ui Mihai E&i%escu( 2006K P%du-&+%i$ii au ace"a-i cre*. Testa&e%te"e 7#"itice a"e "ui I#% A%t#%escu -i C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u( 2006K M#$a -i Mari%. Testa&e%te"e "#r 7#"itice( 200CK T#tu" 7e%tru )rist#s\ Testa&e%tu" 7#"itic a" "ui Nic#"ae I#r0a( 200CK Sur'su" De0iu%ii. Sau cu& :%$e"e0 eu De0i#%aris&u" R#&'%esc( 200C. Eiecare di%tre e"e este 7u!"icat+ "a Editura Cartea U%i?ersitar+( Bucure-ti. De&etrescu Scar"at( Di% tai%e"e ?ie$ii -i a"e u%i?ersu"ui( Editura E&et( Oradea( 5118 D#!rescu E&i"ia% M.( I"u-tri 8ra%c&as#%i( Editura Ne&ira( Bucure-ti( 5111 E"iade Mircea( r#8etis& r#&'%esc( ?#".I( Editura R#*a B'%turi"#r( Bucure-ti( 5110K 60 de c#%8eri%$e radi#8#%ice( Editura )u&a%itas( Bucure-ti( 2005K Te=te"e L"e0i#%areM -i des7re Lr#&'%is&M( Editura Dacia( C"uN.Na7#ca( 2005( RT.D.D.R.SK Di!ertate( :% Ic#%ar( Cer%+u$i( a% III( 5132 %r. 6( :% RT.D.D.R.SK De ce cred :% !irui%$a Mi-c+rii De0i#%are( :% Bu%a Bestire( a%u" I( %r. 244 di% 52 dece&!rie 5132( :% RD.M.E.. Z.E.7.IISK N#ua arist#cra$ie "e0i#%ar+( :% Bre&ea( a%u" IA( %r. 622 di% 23 ia%uarie 5138( :% RD.M.E..Z.E.7.IISK E&i%escu Mihai( O7ere( ?#". IA( Edi$ie critic+ :%te&eiat+ de er7essicius( Editura Acade&iei R#&'%e( Bucure-ti( 5180( RM.E.O.IASK ?#". A( Ed.cit.( Bucure-ti( 5181 RM.E.O. ASK ?#". AII( Ed.cit.( Bucure-ti( 5186K RM.E.O.AIISK ?#". AB( Ed.cit.( Bucure-ti( 5181K RM.E.O.ABS Ma%uscrisu" Di% -edi%$e"e S#ciet+$ii R#&'%ia Zu%+. Na$i#%a"i-tii -i C#s&#7#"i$ii( :% RM.E.O. IASK I"ustra$ii ad&i%istrati?e( Ti&7u"( 58 dece&!rie 5822( :% RM.E.O. ASK U% ce%u-ar r#&'%...( Ti&7u"( 8 a7ri"ie 5821( :% RM.E.O. ASK LR#&'%u"M c#%ti%u+ a se #cu7aJ( Ti&7u"( 22 530 ia%uarie 5885( :% RM.E.O. AIISK LR#&'%u"M a c#%tractat %+ra?u"...( Ti&7u"( 21 iu"ie 5885( :% RM.E.O. AIISK Ma%uscrisu" Su7er8"ue%$a 7#7u"a$iei( :% RM.E.O.ABSK Ma%uscrisu" Ist#ri#0ra8ie -i c#ada7tare( :% RM.E.O.ABS Ge#r0escu.De"a8ras etre( Tari -i s"a!i( Edi$ia a III.a( Editura Cu0etarea( Bucure-ti( 5132 Ghe#r0hiu Di*eta( Cu?'%tu" a7+r+rii @ 7"ed#aria a?#catu"ui Di*eta G)EORG)IU @ :% 7r#cesu" "ui C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u di% &ai 5138( :% RD.D.T.R.S G#0a Octa?ia%( Mustu" care 8ier!e( Editura Scri7ta( Bucure-ti( 5112 GTr Radu( Ee&eia :% er#is&u" s7iritua" &#ra"( -i %a$i#%a"( Idei des?#"tate di%tr.# c#%8eri%$+ $i%ut+ "a 8 dece&!rie 5136( :% au"a U%i?ersit+$ii di% Ia-i( su! 7atr#%aNu" Cercu"ui Stude%$esc Tecucea%( Bucure-ti( 8.a.( RE.E.S.M.N.SK O "u&e t'%+r+ -i u% &#&e%t ist#ric( :% RE.E.S.M.N.S )erse%i Traia%( Mi-carea De0i#%ar+ -i &u%cit#ri&ea( Editura Mi-c+rii De0i#%are( Bucure-ti( 5140K Mi-carea De0i#%ar+ -i $+r+%i&ea( Edi$ia a II.a( Editura Mi-c+rii De0i#%are( Bucure-ti( 5140 )ei%e% Ar&i%( Die De0i#% LEr*a%0e" Michae"M i% Ru&a%ie%. S#*ia"e BeWe0u%0 u%d 7#"itische Or0a%isati#%. Ei% Beitra0 *u& r#!"e& des i%ter%ati#%a"e% Easchis&us( S]d#steur#7aische Ar!aite%( M]%che%( 518C )it"er Ad#"8( Mei% [a&78( Edi$ie :% "i&!a r#&'%+( Editura aci8ica( Bucure-ti( 5113K Testa&e%t 7#"itic( Traducere de Nic#"ae Buh&ea%u( Editura Sa&i*dat( Bucure-ti( 5111( RT. .SK P%se&%area i%ti&+ di% 56 8e!ruarie 5146( :% RT. .SK P%se&%area i%ti&+ di% 52 8e!ruarie 5146( :% RT. .S I8ti&#?ici Radu( S7u"!erarea u%ei "e0e%de. r#0r#&u" de "a A!at#r( :% RE.M. 82S I#%escu Nae( Te#"#0ia. I%te0ra"a 7u!"icisticii re"i0i#ase( Editura Deisis( Si!iu( 2003( RT.I. .R.SK Iertarea cre-ti%+( :% Cu?'%tu"( a% III( %r. C24 di% 21 %#ie&!rie 512C( :% RT.I. .R.SK Su! se&%u" Arha%0he"u"ui( :% Bu%a

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Bestire( a%u" I( %r. 500 di% 22 iu%ie 5132( a7ud site.u" Eu%da$iei Ge#r0e Ma%u 535 I#r0a Nic#"ae( Idei asu7ra 7r#!"e&e"#r actua"e( Editura Cu0etarea( Bucure-ti( 5136K Discursuri ar"a&e%tare( ?#". I.iu( 7artea I.a( Editura Buc#?i%a( I.E. T#r#u$iu( Bucure-ti( 5131( RD. .?.I.7.ISK P% chestia &a%i8esta$ii"#r stude%$e-ti( Discurs r#stit :% -edi%$a di% 52 dece&!rie 5101 a Ca&erei De7uta$i"#r( :% RD. .?.I.7.ISK Chestia a0ita$ii"#r e?reie-ti( Discurs r#stit :% -edi%$a di% 55 8e!ruarie 5150 a Ca&erei De7uta$i"#r( :% RD. .?.I.7.ISK De ce at'ta ur+<( C iu"ie 5140( Nea&u" R#&'%esc @ :% R)ODOCAUST PN ROMHNIA<S Marrs Zi&( Gu?er%area secret+ a Du&ii. Ist#ria secret+ ce "ea0+ :%tre e"e C#&isia Tri"atera"+( Era%c&as#%eria -i Mari"e ira&ide( Traducerea Nic#"# De""a u7a( Editura A%tet( Bucure-ti( 8.a. Mi"c#?ea%u er!a%( C#r%e"iu Z. C#drea%u a"tce?a dec't )#ria Si&a( ?#". I -i II( Editura Crater( Bucure-ti( 511CK Tactica -i strate0ia :% :%tre!+ri cu sau 8+r+ r+s7u%s( Ti7#0ra8ia TCM ri%t( Bucure-ti( 2005K Ate%tatu" di% 25 se7te&!rie 5131 c#%tra "ui Ar&a%d C+"i%escu -i e7#ca 5130.5160( Editura TCM ri%t( Bucure-ti( 2004K Ter#area de Stat 7'%+ "a 22 dece&!rie 5181( ?#"u& editat 8+r+ sc#7 "ucrati? de As#cia$ia 8#-ti"#r 7re-edi%$i ai Stude%$i&ii 7ers#a%+ Nuridic+ -i Di0a 7e%tru a7+rarea Ade?+ru"ui Ist#ric 7ers#a%+ Nuridic+( Bucure-ti( 2004K e%tru ce a 8#st asasi%at C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u< 30 %#ie&!rie 5138( ?#".I( E=7u%erea cr#%#"#0ic+ a 8a7te"#r( Editat 8+r+ sc#7 "ucrati? de As#cia$ia 8#-ti"#r 7re-edi%$i ai Stude%$i&ii 7ers#a%+ Nuridic+ -i Di0a 7e%tru a7+rarea Ade?+ru"ui ist#ric 7ers#a%+ Nuridic+( Bucure-ti( 2002 Mitric+ Nic#"ae( E7is#ade di%tr.u% r+*!#i %edec"arat( 7artea a III.a :% REM.D.C. 2,2003SK 7artea a BI.a( :% REM.D.C.50,2003S Nest#rescu B+"ce-ti )#ria( Ordi%u" Mas#%ic R#&'%. Mai 7u$i%+ "e0e%d+ -i &ai &u"t ade?+r( cu u% Cu?'%t :%ai%te de Mihai" Sad#?ea%u( Casa de Editur+ -i res+ a%sa S.R.D.( Bucure-ti( 5113 Nic#"schi A"e=a%dru( Aut#!i#0ra8ie.si%te*+( :% RS.E.?.I.S N#ica C#%sta%ti%( Di&7e*iri 7e%tru # R#&'%ie "e0i#%ar+( :% Bu%a Bestire( a%u" IB( seria a II.a( %r. 21 di% 55 #ct#&!rie 5140. C#%8eri%$+ $i%ut+ "a Radi# :% seara de 6 #ct#&!rie 5140( a7ud site.u" Eu%da$iei Ge#r0e Ma%u

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etrescu T#&a( C#%s7ira$ia "#Ni"#r @ Era%c&as#%erie -i Cre-ti%is& @ ( Edi$ia a IB.a( I&7ri&erii"e Er+$ia R#&'%easc+( Bucure-ti( 5145 #7a Ba"eriu( te8a% Sa%da( Du&itrache Ra"uca( D+rui& "u&i%+ -i iu!ire 7e%tru ?i%decarea su8"etu"ui -i a tru7u"ui( Ti7#0ra8ia E?erest 2005( Bucure-ti( 2002 #steuc+ Basi"e( Desti%u" i&7eria" a" r#&'%i"#r. Du&%e*eu( Nea&u"( O&u"( Editura Criteri#% u!"ishi%0( N#rcr#ss( GA( 8.a. Rac#?ea%u Ghe#r0he( Mi-carea De0i#%ar+ -i Biserica. O&e%ia -i 8ru&use$ea cea di%t'i( cu # 7re8a$+ de C#%sta%ti% a7a%ace( Editura Sa&i*dat( Ti7aru" e=ecutat de Ti7#0ra8ia A%tet AA ress( Ei"i7e-tii de T'r0( rah#?a( 8.a. 533 R+du"escu M#tru C#%sta%ti%( Re?i*uiri -i ad+u0iri( ?#".III( Editura E"#area Daruri"#r( Bucure-ti( 5111 Redac$ia O!iecti? De0i#%ar( C#&e%tarii "a artic#"u" Mr. I#% T. Ci#!a%u( Dictatura Re0e"ui Car#" a" II."ea sau des7re cu& s.a :%cercat 0esti#%area cri*ei acesteia( :% RO.D.38.31S R#&a%escu Traia%( Marea C#%s7ira$ie E?reiasc+( Editura D#0#s( Bucure-ti( 5112 Si&a )#ria( Cu?'%t :%ai%te "a ?#"u&u" C#r%e"iu Ze"ea C#drea%u( P%se&%+ri de "a Zi"a?a( Edi$ie :%0riNit+ de Radu Da% B"ad( Editura MaNadah#%da( Bucure-ti( 5116. Cu?'%tu" :%ai%te a 8#st redactat 7e 50 iu%ie 5165. Si&i#%escu R#=a%a( D#ctri%a De0i#%ar+. re*e%tare c#%cis+( Editura Duc&a%( Bucure-ti( 2003 S#"#&#?ici Te-u( Securitatea -i E?reii/ ?#".I( Des7re c+"+i -i des7re ?icti&e( re8a$+ de R+*?a% The#d#rescu( Cu?'%t :%ai%te de S#ri% R#-ca St+%escu( Editura Ziua( Bucure-ti( 2003( RS.E.?.I.SK ?#". II Ter#are. Cri&e. Tur%+t#ri. C#"a!#ra$i#%i-ti( Editura Te-u( Bucure-ti( 2004( RS.E.?.II.S St+%i"#ae Du&itru( Na$iu%e -i Cre-ti%is&( Editura E"i#%( Bucure-ti( 2003( RN.C.SK Idea"u" %a$i#%a" 7er&a%e%t( :% Te"e0ra8u" r#&'%( DAAABIII( %r. 4( 5140( :% RN.C.SK Ort#d#=ia( "u&i%a "u&ii -i i%i&a %ea&u"ui %#stru( :% Te"e0ra8u" r#&'%( DAAABIII( %r. 55( 5140( :% RN.C.SK Cre-ti%is& -i %a$i#%a"is&( :% Te"e0ra8u" r#&'%( DAAABIII( %r. 40( 5140( :% RN.C.SK S+ r+&'%e& ide%tici cu %#i :%-i%e( :% Te"e0ra8u" r#&'%( ACIII( %r. 5( 5146.( :% RN.C.S Suru er!a%( Adres+ c+tre aut#rit+$i...( :% RO.D. 38.31SK I%?ita$ie "a C#%8eri%$a cu tit"u" L20 de a%i de ter#ris& :% R#&'%ia &#der%+ . :%ce7utu"...M( $i%ut+ "a Sa"a Da""es di% Bd. Nic#"ae B+"cescu( %r. 58( sect#r 5( Bucure-ti( :% data de 20.01.200C( :%tre #re"e 58.20( :% RO.D.38. 31S a8ra% A"e=a%dru( Israe" -i r+d+ci%i"e sa"e( Editura )ase8er( Bucure-ti( 2002( RI.R.S.SK #7#ru" "ui Israe" -i Fara "ui Israe". Israe"( Li%i&a %a$iu%i"#rMK Ere$.Israe"( su8"etu" u%i?ersu"ui( Curs $i%ut "a U%i?ersit+$i"e 534 di% Ge%e?a( A&sterda& -i ZT?asYT"a 9Ei%"a%da;( "a Tri%itT C#""e0e di% Ca&!rid0e -i "a S#r!#%a. E=7u%ere 7re*e%tat+ "a aris( "a C#%8eri%$a ra!i%ic+ eur#7ea%+. P% RI.R.S.S The#d#ru Radu( A 8#st sau %u )ODOCAUST<( Editura Duc&a%( Bucure-ti( 2003K C#%tra.Ra7#rt Tis&i%e$YT.B+sescu 9IB; :% Sa%ti%e"a( %r. 52( iu%ie 2002 T#ur du i% Marduis de "a/ Bers u% Ordre s#cia" chrbtie% 95102;( citat de De#% de #%ci%s :% Da &Tstbrieuse i%ter%ati#%a" Nui?e( aris 513C Tri8u B. Dr.( r#8es#ru" au"escu 58C1.5135( I%tr#ducere "a ?#"u&u" Dr. N.C. au"escu( Ei*i#"#0ie 8i"#s#8ic+( ?#". I( N#$iu%i"e de QSu8"etI -i QDu&%e*euI :% Ei*i#"#0ie( Edi$ie :%0riNit+ de Dr. B. Tri8u( Eu%da$ia re0a"+ 7e%tru Diteratur+ -i Art+( Bucure-ti( 5144

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