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GEOGRAFIE, METEOROLOGIE I MEDIU NCONJURTOR
GEOGRAPHY, METEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
Anuarul Statistic al Romniei / Romanian Statistical Yearbook
CUPRINS TABELE
GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZARE ADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Poziia geografic a Romniei .................................................................. Lungimea frontierelor Romniei .............................................................. Principalele altitudini muntoase .............................................................. Lungimea principalelor cursuri de ap de pe teritoriul Romniei ........................................................................................ Principalele lacuri naturale ......................................................................... Principalele lacuri antropice ...................................................................... Altitudinea medie a principalelor orae din Romnia .................... Organizarea administrativ a teritoriului Romniei, la 31 decembrie 2007 ................................................................................... METEOROLOGIE Temperatura aerului i precipitaiile atmosferice nregistrate la principalele staii meteorologice, n anul 2007 ............................. 1.9 Temperatura aerului (media lunar i anual) .................................... 1.10 Temperatura aerului (maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual) .......................................................... 1.11 Precipitaii atmosferice (cantitatea lunar i anual) ....................... MEDIU NCONJURTOR Resurse naturale Ariile protejate, n anul 2007 ...................................................................... Rezervaii ale biosferei, n anul 2007 ...................................................... Parcurile naionale i parcurile naturale, n anul 2007 .................... Resursele de ap asigurate, potrivit gradului de amenajare, n anul 2007 ..................................................... Calitatea factorilor de mediu Calitatea apelor de suprafa, n anul 2007 .......................................... Defolierea arborilor la principalele specii i la toate vrstele, pe clase de defoliere, n anul 2006......................................... Msuri de protecie Investiii pentru protecia mediului, pe sectoare de activitate, domenii de mediu i pe categorii de productori, n anul 2007 ..................................................................... Cheltuieli curente interne pentru protecia mediului, pe sectoare de activitate, domenii de mediu i pe categorii de productori, n anul 2007 ............................................
TABLES CONTENTS
GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION Geographical position of Romania Length of Romanias borders Major mountain peaks Length of major rivers on Romanian territory Major natural lakes Major anthropic lakes Average height of major towns in Romania Administrative organisation of Romanian territory, on December 31, 2007 METEOROLOGY Air temperature and precipitations registered at the main meteorological stations, in 2007 Air temperature (monthly and yearly average) Air temperature (monthly and yearly absolute maximum and absolute minimum) Precipitations (monthly and yearly quantity) ENVIRONMENT Natural resources Protected areas, in 2007 Biosphere reservations, in 2007 National and natural parks, in 2007 Water resources assured, according to the arrangement level, in 2007 Environment factors quality Superficial water quality, in 2007 Trees defoliation, for the main species and all ages, by defoliation classes, in 2006 Protection measures Investments for environment protection, by sector of activity, environment field and category of producers, in 2007 Internal current expenditure for environment protection, by sector of activity, environment field and category of producers, in 2007 DATA SOURCE Statistical surveys: Statistical survey on environment protection expenditure, filled in by economic operators and public administration units. Administrative sources: Institute of Geography Bucharest; General Inspectorate of Border Police within the Ministry of Interior and Administrative Reform; National Administration of Meteorology; Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development; National Agency of Environment; National Company of Forests; National Administration Romanian Waters.
1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15
1.16 1.17
1.18
1.19
SURSA DATELOR Cercetri statistice: Cercetarea statistic privind cheltuielile pentru protecia mediului, completat de operatori economici i unitile administraiei publice. Surse administrative: Institutul de Geografie Bucureti; Inspectoratul General al Poliiei de Frontier din cadrul Ministerului Internelor i Reformei Administrative; Administraia Naional de Meteorologie; Ministerul Mediului i Dezvoltrii Durabile; Agenia Naional pentru Protecia Mediului; Regia Naional a Pdurilor; Administraia Naional "Apele Romne".
GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZARE ADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL Prezentare Romnia este situat n centrul geografic al Europei (sud-estul Europei Centrale), la nord de Peninsula Balcanic, la jumtatea distanei dintre Coasta Atlanticului i Munii Ural, n interiorul i exteriorul arcului Munilor Carpai, pe cursul inferior al Dunrii (1075 km) i cu ieire la Marea Neagr. De altfel, paralela 45N cu meridianul 25E se intersecteaz n apropiere de centrul geometric al rii, la 100 km N-V de capitala rii, Bucureti. 2 Cu o suprafa de 238391 km , Romnia este a 12-a ar ca mrime a Europei. Ieirea la mare nlesnete legturile cu rile din bazinul Mrii Negre, bazinul Mrii Mediterane i, prin intermediul acesteia, cu restul lumii. Litoralul romnesc al Mrii Negre se desfoar pe 245 km, ntre grla Musura (grania cu Ucraina) i localitatea Vama Veche (grania cu Bulgaria). Relieful Romniei se compune din trei trepte majore: cea nalt a Munilor Carpai (cel mai nalt vrf Moldoveanu 2544 m), cea medie care corespunde Subcarpailor, dealurilor i podiurilor i cea joas, a cmpiilor, luncilor i Deltei Dunrii. Delta Dunrii, cea mai tnr unitate de relief, n continu formare, are altitudinea medie de 0,52 m. Caracteristicile principale ale unitilor de relief sunt proporionalitatea (31% muni, 36% dealuri i podiuri, 33% cmpii i lunci) i dispunerea concentric a treptelor majore ale reliefului. Clima Romniei este temperat-continental de tranziie, cu influene oceanice dinspre vest, mediteraneene dinspre sudvest i continental-excesive din est. Temperatura medie multianual este difereniat latitudinal, respectiv 8C n nord i peste 11C n sud, i altitudinal, cu valori de -2,5C n etajul montan (Vrfu Omu - masivul Bucegi) i 11,6C n cmpie (oraul Zimnicea - judeul Teleorman). Precipitaiile anuale scad n intensitate de la vest la est, respectiv de la peste 600 mm la mai puin de 500 mm n Cmpia Romn de Est, sub 450 mm n Dobrogea i circa 350 mm pe litoral, pentru ca n regiunile muntoase s ajung la 1000-1500 mm. Apele curgtoare ale Romniei sunt dispuse radial, marea majoritate avnd izvoarele n Carpai. Principalul colector al acestora este fluviul Dunrea, care strbate ara n partea sudic pe o lungime de 1075 km i se vars n Marea Neagr. Lacurile sunt reprezentate prin lacuri naturale (numeroase tipuri genetice) rspndite n toate unitile majore de relief, de la cele glaciare n etajul alpin (Lacul Mioarelor - Fgra la 2282 m) la limanele fluvio-maritime (Lacul Techirghiol la 1,5 m) i prin lacuri antropice, de asemenea n toate unitile de relief. Vegetaia este condiionat de relief i de elementele pedo-climatice, ntlnindu-se o dispunere etajat a acesteia. Regiunile montane sunt acoperite de pduri de conifere
GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION Description Romania is situated in geographical center of Europe (south-east of Central Europe) at north of Balkan Peninsula at the half of distance between Atlantic Coast and The Urals, inside and outside the Carpathians Arch, on the Danube (1075 km) lower course and has exit to the Black Sea. Otherwise, parallel 45N with the meridian 25E intersects near the geometrical center of the country, 100 km N-V of the country capital, Bucharest. Romania is the twelfth country of Europe, having an area of 2 238391 km . The exit to the sea enables the connections with the countries in the Black Sea basin, in the Mediterranean Sea basin and, by means of this, rest of the world. Romanian seaside of the Black Sea is lying on 245 km, between Musura stream (at the border with Ukraine) and Vama Veche locality (at the border with Bulgaria). Romania's relief consists of three major levels: the highest one in the Carpathians (the highest peak Moldoveanu 2544 m), the middle one which corresponds to the Sub-Carpathians, to the hills and to the plateaus and the lowest one in plains, meadows and Danube Delta. The Danube Delta, the youngest relief unit under permanent formation, has the average height of 0.52 m. Main features of relief units are proportionality (31% mountains, 36% hills and plateaus, 33% plains and meadows) and concentric display of the relief major levels. Romanias climate is temperate-continental of transition, with oceanic influences from the West, Mediterranean ones from South-West and continental-excessive ones from the East. Multiannual average temperature is latitudinally different, 8C in the North and over 11C in the South, and altitudinally, with values of -2.5C in the mountain floor (Omu peak - Bucegi massif) and 11.6C in the plain (Zimnicea town - Teleorman county). Yearly precipitations decrease in intensity from west to east, from over 600 mm to less 500 mm in the East Romanian Plain, under 450 mm in Dobrogea and about 350 mm by seaside, in the mountainous areas they reach 1000-1500 mm. Romanian running waters are radially displayed, most of them having the springs in the Carpathians. Their main collector is the Danube river, which crosses the country in the south on 1075 km length and flows into the Black Sea. The lakes are represented by natural lakes (numerous genetic types) spread in all major units of relief, from glacial ones in the alpine floor (Mioarelor Lake - Fgra 2282 m) to river-maritime banks (Techirghiol Lake at 1.5 m) and anthropic lakes, as well in all relief units. The vegetation is determined by the relief and by pedoclimatic elements, being displayed in floors. Mountainous regions are covered by coniferous forests (especially spruce fir), mixture
(ndeosebi molid), pduri de amestec (fag, brad i molid) i pduri de fag. Pe culmile mai nalte se afl pajiti alpine i tufriuri de jneapn, ienupr, afin, merior i altele. n regiunile de deal i de podi se ntlnesc pduri de foioase n care predomin fagul, gorunul sau stejarul; pe dealurile joase i cmpiile nalte, adesea, principalele specii care alctuiesc pdurile sunt cerul i grnia. Vegetaia de step i de silvostep, care ocupa ariile cu deficit de umiditate din Podiul Dobrogei, Cmpia Romn, Podiul Moldovei, Cmpia Banatului i Crianei, a fost, n cea mai mare parte, nlocuit prin culturi agricole. Fauna Romniei este grupat pe areale difereniate n funcie de biotopul fiecrei specii. n etajul alpin apar elemente relicte precum capra neagr i vulturul de munte. n pdurile carpatine triesc diferite mamifere: urs, cerb, rs, lup, mistre, cprior, veveri i un numr mare de specii de psri. n cteva regiuni muntoase se mai pstreaz cocoul de munte i cocoul de mesteacn; n regiunile de deal i cmpie sunt rspndite: iepurele, crtia, ariciul, diferite psri, oprle, batracieni .a.; pentru zonele de step sunt caracteristice roztoarele (popndul i hrciogul). Fauna acvatic este reprezentat ndeosebi prin pstrv n apele de munte (lostria, mai rspndit n trecut, a devenit destul de rar); clean i mrean n regiunile de deal; crap, biban, tiuc, somn, caras n cele de cmpie i Delta Dunrii; n apele marine teritoriale i pe Dunrea inferioar se ntlnesc i specii de sturioni. Resursele minerale utile ale Romniei sunt variate. Printre principalele resurse minerale utile pot fi menionate: petrolul, cu vechi tradiii de exploatare; gazele naturale; crbunii, n special huila cocsificabil, crbunele brun i lignitul; minereuri feroase i neferoase, zcminte de aur, argint i de bauxit; rezerve mari de sare, precum i o serie de resurse nemetalifere. O categorie aparte a bogiilor de subsol o constituie cele peste 2000 de izvoare de ape minerale, cu valene pentru consum i tratamente medicale. Teritoriul Romniei este mprit din punct de vedere administrativ n: sate, comune, orae, municipii i judee. Conform Legii privind stabilirea nomenclatorului unitilor teritoriale statistice din Romnia s-au constituit patru macroregiuni (n concordan cu prevederile Legii nr.315/2004 privind dezvoltarea regional n Romnia i armonizarea cu cerinele Regulamentului CE nr.1059/2003 al Parlamentului i al Consiliului European privind stabilirea unui nomenclator comun al unitilor teritoriale de statistic NUTS, publicat n Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene nr.L 154/2003. Macroregiunile nu sunt uniti administrativ-teritoriale i nu au personalitate juridic; sunt constituite pentru a asigura colectarea, elaborarea i difuzarea statisticilor regionale amortizate la nivelul Uniunii Europene. Ca uniti teritoriale (non-administrative) au fost create 8 regiuni de dezvoltare, constituite prin reuniunea mai multor judee. Judeul reprezint unitatea administrativ-teritorial tradiional n Romnia, alctuit din orae i comune, n funcie de condiiile geografice, economice, social-politice i de legturile culturale i tradiionale ale populaiei. Teritoriul Romniei este organizat n 42 de judee (inclusiv Municipiul Bucureti).
forests (beech, fir-tree, spruce fir) and beech forests. Higher peaks are covered by alpine lawns and bushes of dwarf pine, juniper, bilberry, red bilberry a.s.o. In the hills and plateaus regions there are broad-leaved forests, prevailing beech, common oak or durmast oak; the main forest species often met on low hills and high plains are Quercus cerris and Quercus frainetto. The steppe and silvosteppe vegetation, which covered the areas of low humidity in Dobrogea Plateau, Romanian Plain, Moldova Plateau, Banat and Criana Plain has been mostly replaced by agricultural crops. Romania's fauna is grouped by different areals according to each species biotype. Relict elements as black goat (chamois) and mountain vulture live in the alpine area. In the Carpathian forests live various animals: bear, buck, lynx, wolf, wild boar, roebuck, squirrel and several species of birds. In a few mountainous areas both mountain cock and birch cock are still met. In the hill and field areas there are hares, moles, hedgehogs, various birds, lizards, batrachia a.s.o.; rodent animals as gopher and hamster are characteristic for the steppe areas. Water fauna is represented especially by trout in the mountainous waters (huck which was mostly spread in the past has become quite rare); dace and barbel in the hill region; carp, perch, pike, sheat fish, crucian in the field region and Danube Delta; sturgeon species are also met in the marine territorial waters and on the downstream Danube. Romania's useful minerals resources are various. Among the main useful minerals resources we can mention: crude oil, with old exploitation traditions; natural gas; coal, especially coking pitcoal, brown coal and lignite; ferrous and nonferrous ores, gold, silver and bauxite ore deposits; vast reserves of salt as well as numerous nonmetalliferrous resources. A special category of subsoil riches is constituted by over 2000 mineral water springs, with consumption and medical treatments valences. Romanian territory is divided from administrative viewpoint into: villages, communes, towns, municipalities and counties. According to the Law on setting up the nomenclature of statistical territorial units in Romania, four macroregions were constituted (according to the Law no. 315/2004 on regional development in Romania and harmonisation to the requirements of the EC Regulation no. 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council regarding the setting up of a common nomenclature of statistical territorial units NUTS, published in Official Journal of European Union no.L 154/2003. Macroregions are not administrative territorial units and have no legal entity, they are constituted to assure the collection, compilation and transmission of harmonised regional statistics at European Union level. As territorial (non-administrative) units, 8 regions of development were created, gathering several counties. County represents traditional administrative-territorial unit in Romania, including towns and communes, depending on geographical, economical and social-political conditions and population cultural and traditional relations. Romanian territory is organized into 42 counties (including Bucharest Municipality).
Municipiul este un ora cu un rol economic, social, politic i cultural nsemnat avnd, de regul, funcie administrativ. Oraul reprezint o concentrare uman cu o funcie administrativ i un mod de via specific ariilor urbane i o structur profesional a populaiei n care predomin cea ocupat n ramurile neagricole. Comuna este unitatea administrativ-teritorial care cuprinde populaia rural unit prin comunitate de interese i tradiii, fiind alctuit din unul sau mai multe sate (din care unul este reedin de comun). Satul este cea mai mic unitate teritorial, avnd caracteristicile aezrilor de tip rural. Oraele principale: Bucureti, Iai, Cluj-Napoca, Timioara, Constana, Craiova, Galai, Braov, Ploieti, Brila, Oradea, Bacu, Piteti, Arad, Sibiu. Porturile principale: la Marea Neagr: Constana, Mangalia; la Dunre: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele, Zimnicea, Giurgiu, Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod, Hrova, Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea, Sulina. Aeroporturile principale: Bucureti (Henri CoandOtopeni i Bneasa), Constana (Mihail Koglniceanu), Timioara (Traian Vuia), Cluj-Napoca, Iai, Arad, Oradea, Baia Mare, Trgu Mure, Suceava, Bacu, Deva, Sibiu, Craiova, Tulcea. Capitala: Municipiul Bucureti (1931838 locuitori, la 1 iulie 2007), mprit n ase sectoare administrative. Prima menionare documentar dateaz din 20.IX.1459, ca reedin a lui Vlad epe. Capital a rii Romneti ncepnd din a doua jumtate a secolului al XVII-lea i Capitala Romniei, din anul 1862, municipiul Bucureti este cel mai important centru politic, economic i cultural-tiinific al rii. Limba oficial: limba romn. Drapelul Romniei este tricolor; culorile sunt aezate vertical n ordinea urmtoare, ncepnd de la lance: albastru, galben, rou. Ziua naional a Romniei: 1 Decembrie. Imnul naional al Romniei este Deteapt-te romne. Forma de guvernmnt a Romniei este republica: Republic, conform Constituiei adoptate n 1991 i modificat n 2003; Puterea legislativ este reprezentat de un parlament bicameral (Camera Deputailor i Senatul), iar puterea executiv este exercitat de guvern, condus de un primministru desemnat de preedintele rii; Preedintele rii este ales n baza rezultatelor alegerilor generale prin scrutin universal pentru un mandat de 5 ani. Moneda naional: Leu, cu subdiviziunea ban. Cursul monedei naionale este stabilit zilnic pe piaa valutar interbancar, moneda de referin fiind euro.
Municipality is a town, with an important economic, social, political and cultural role, usually having administrative function. Town represents a human concentration with administrative function and a life specific to urban areas and with a population professional structure where the population employed in nonagricultural branches prevails. Commune is a territorial-administrative unit which comprises rural population united by interest and traditional community, including one or several villages (from which one is commune residence). Village is the smallest territorial unit, having characteristics of rural settlements. Main cities: Bucharest, Iai, Cluj-Napoca, Timioara, Constana, Craiova, Galai, Braov, Ploieti, Brila, Oradea, Bacu, Piteti, Arad, Sibiu. Main harbours: at the Black Sea: Constana, Mangalia; at the Danube: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele, Zimnicea, Giurgiu, Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod, Hrova, Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea, Sulina. Main airports: Bucharest (Henri Coand-Otopeni and Bneasa), Constana (Mihail Koglniceanu), Timioara (Traian Vuia), Cluj-Napoca, Iai, Arad, Oradea, Baia Mare, Trgu Mure, Suceava, Bacu, Deva, Sibiu, Craiova, Tulcea. The capital: Bucharest Municipality (1931838 inhabitants on July 1, 2007), organised into six administrative sectors. The first documentary mention was on 20.IX.1459, as residence of Vlad epe. Capital of ara Romneasc since the second half of the XVIIth century and Capital of Romania since 1862, Bucharest Municipality is the most important political, economic and culturalscientific center of the country. Official language: Romanian. Flag of Romania: is three - coloured; the colours are placed vertically in the following order from the lance: blue, yellow, red. National day of Romania: December, 1. National anthem of Romania is Wake up, Romanian. Government form in Romania is the republic: Republic, according to the Constitution adopted in 1991 and modified in 2003; Legislative power is represented by two chamber Parliament (Chamber of Deputies and Senate), and executive power is carried out by Government led by Prime Minister appointed by the countrys President; President of the country is elected based on general elections results by universal vote for a 5 years mandate. National currency: Leu, with ban as subdivision. The exchange rate is set on the interbank currency market on a daily basis, reference currency being euro.
PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE METEOROLOGIE Cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor fizice din atmosfera terestr, care determin starea timpului i clima, are la baz msurtorile i observaiile meteorologice ce se efectueaz permanent sau periodic n diferite puncte de pe suprafaa globului terestru i la diferite nlimi n atmosfera liber. Programul unitar al msurtorilor i observaiilor, precum i alte activiti meteorologice se asigur prin colaborare internaional, n cadrul Administraiei Naionale de Meteorologie, cu Organizaia Meteorologic Mondial. Staia meteorologic reprezint punctul de pe suprafaa terestr unde se efectueaz observaii i msurtori asupra tuturor elementelor i fenomenelor meteorologice, conform programului stabilit. Majoritatea observaiilor, msurtorilor i determinrilor meteorologice de la staii se efectueaz pe platforma meteorologic situat pe un teren deschis, tipic pentru regiunea respectiv, cu dimensionarea standard de 26 m x 26 m. Pentru cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor atmosferice i pentru calculul diferiilor parametri meteorologici i climatici, este necesar raportarea observaiilor i msurtorilor, care se realizeaz att n spaiu, ct i n timp. Programul climatologic reprezint complexul observaiilor i msurtorilor meteorologice ce se execut la staii, dup timpul solar mediu local, att la termenele fixe, ct i continuu n 24 de ore. Permanent, la termenele climatologice (1, 7, 13, 19 timp solar mediu local) se efectueaz observaii i msurtori asupra: presiunii atmosferice, vntului, temperaturii i umezelii aerului, temperaturii suprafeei solului, nebulozitii, precipitaiilor, vizibilitii orizontale. Continuu, n tot cursul zilei i nopii se determin caracteristicile tuturor fenomenelor meteorologice (hidrometeori, litometeori, electrometeori etc.). Observaiile asupra temperaturii aerului constau n msurarea temperaturii aerului la termenele stabilite i n determinarea valorilor maxime i minime ale acesteia n intervalele de timp dintre aceste termene. Temperatura aerului se msoar cu instrumente cu citire direct, psihrometrul cu ventilaie artificial, termometrul de maxim cu mercur i termometrul de minim cu alcool i cu aparate nregistratoare (termografe). Pentru ca instrumentele cu care se msoar temperatura i umezeala aerului s nu fie influenate direct de radiaia solar, de radiaia terestr, de precipitaii i de rafalele vntului, ele se instaleaz n adpostul meteorologic situat la 2 m nlime deasupra solului. Msurarea cantitilor de ap ce provin din precipitaii atmosferice sau care se depun din ali hidrometeori se efectueaz cu ajutorul pluviometrului, iar nregistrarea continu a precipitaiilor (lichide) se face cu pluviograful. Cantitile de ap se msoar zilnic la termenele climatologice (1, 7, 13, 19) i se exprim prin grosimea stratului de ap czut, 2 n mm (1mm=1l / m ).
METHODOLOGICAL NOTES METEOROLOGY The research on physical processes and phenomena in the terrestrial atmosphere, which determine the weather and the climate, relies on the meteorological measurements and observations, permanently or periodically carried out in different points on the terrestrial globe surface and at various altitudes in the free atmosphere. The unitary programme of measurements and observations, as well as other meteorological activities are assured by international co-operation within National Administration of Meteorology, with the World Meteorology Organisation. The meteorological station represents the point from the terrestrial surface, where measurements and observations on all meteorological elements and phenomena are carried out in keeping with the programme. Most of meteorological observations, measurements and determinations from the stations are performed on the meteorological area situated on an open land, typical for the respective region, with the standard dimension of 26 m x 26 m. In order to observe the atmospheric processes and phenomena and to compute various meteorological and climatic parameters, it is necessary to report observations and measurements, carried out both in space and over time. The climatic programme represents the complex of meteorological observations and measurements performed at stations, according to the local average solar time, both at fixed deadlines and continuously during 24 hours. Permanently, at the climatic deadlines (1, 7, 13, 19 local average solar time), the observations and measurements are done for: atmospheric pressure, wind, air temperature and humidity, ground surface temperature, cloudiness, precipitations, horizontal visibility. Continuously, during all day and night, the characteristics of all meteorological phenomena (hydrometeors, litometeors, electrometeors a.s.o.) are determined. Air temperature observations consist of air temperature measurement at the observation deadlines and of determining its maximum and minimum values, during the intervals between the climatic observation deadlines. Air temperature is measured with direct reading instruments, the psychrometer with artificial ventilation, the thermometer of maximum with mercury and the thermometer of minimum with alcohol and with recording apparatus (thermographs). In view to ensure that the instruments for measuring air temperature and humidity are not directly influenced by the solar, terrestrial radiation, by precipitations and by wind gusts, they should be placed in the meteorological shelter situated at 2 meters high above the ground. The measurement of water quantities coming from atmospheric precipitations or deposited by other hydrometeors is carried out by means of pluviometer and the continuous recording of precipitations (liquids) is performed with the pluviograph. Water quantities are daily measured at climatic deadlines (1, 7, 13, 19) and they are expressed by the thickness of the fallen water layer, 2 in mm (1mm=1l / m ).
MEDIU NCONJURTOR Resursele de ap reprezint potenialul hidrologic format din apele de suprafa i subterane n regim natural i amenajat, inventariate la nceputul anului, din care se asigur alimentarea diverselor folosine. Ariile naturale protejate, conform O.U.G. nr. 57/2007, reprezint zone terestre, acvatice i/sau subterane, cu perimetrul legal stabilit i avnd un regim special de ocrotire i conservare, n care exist specii de plante i animale slbatice, elemente i formaiuni biogeografice sau de alt natur, cu valoare ecologic, tiinific sau cultural deosebit i cuprind: rezervaii ale biosferei - arii naturale protejate al cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor zone de habitat natural i a diversitii biologice specifice. Acestea cuprind un complex de ecosisteme terestre/i sau acvatice, lacuri i cursuri de ap, zone umede cu comuniti biocenotice floristice i faunistice unice, cu peisaje armonioase naturale sau rezultate din amenajarea tradiional a teritoriului, ecosisteme modificate sub influena omului i care pot fi readuse la starea natural, comuniti umane a cror existen este bazat pe valorificarea resurselor naturale pe principiul dezvoltrii durabile i armonioase; parcuri naionale - arii naturale protejate al cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor eantioane reprezentative pentru spaiul biogeografic naional, cuprinznd elemente naturale cu valoare deosebit sub aspect fizico-geografic, floristic, faunistic, hidrologic, geologic, paleontologic, speologic, pedologic sau de alt natur, oferind posibilitatea vizitrii n scopuri tiinifice, educative, recreative i turistice; parcuri naturale - arii naturale protejate al cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor ansambluri peisagistice n care interaciunea activitilor umane cu natura de-a lungul timpului a creat o zon distinct, cu valoare semnificativ peisagistic i/sau cultural, deseori cu o mare diversitate biologic; rezervaii tiinifice - arii naturale protejate al cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor habitate naturale terestre i/sau acvatice, cuprinznd elemente reprezentative de interes tiinific sub aspect floristic, faunistic, geologic, speologic, paleontologic, pedologic sau de alt natur; rezervaii naturale - arii naturale protejate al cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor habitate i specii naturale importante sub aspect floristic, faunistic, forestier, hidrologic, geologic, speologic, paleontologic, pedologic; monumente ale naturii - arii naturale protejate al cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor elemente naturale cu valoare i semnificaie ecologic, tiinific, peisagistic deosebite, reprezentate de specii de plante sau animale slbatice rare, endemice sau ameninate cu dispariia, arbori seculari, asociaii floristice i faunistice, fenomene geologice - peteri, martori de eroziune, chei, cursuri de ap, cascade i alte manifestri i formaiuni geologice, depozite fosilifere, precum i alte elemente naturale cu valoare de patrimoniu natural prin unicitatea sau raritatea lor;
ENVIRONMENT Water resources represent the hydrological potential consisting of the superficial and underground waters, under natural and arranged conditions, registered at the beginning of the year, of which the utilities are fed. Natural protected areas, according to G.P.O. no. 57/2007, represents terrestrial, aquatic and/or underground areas, with legally settled perimeter and with a special protection and preservation regime, where wild plants and animal species, bio geographic elements and formations or of other nature, with special ecological, scientific or cultural value exist and include: reservations of biosphere - protected natural areas whose purpose is the protection and preservation of a natural habitat areas and of specific biologic diversity. They include a complex of terrestrial and/or aquatic eco - systems, lakes and water courses, humid areas with unique flora and fauna biocenotic communities, with natural harmonious landscapes or resulted from the traditional arrangement of the territory, eco - systems modified under human influence and which could be brought back to natural state, human communities whose existence is based on natural resources capitalization based on the durable and harmonious development principle; national parks - natural protected areas whose purpose is the protection and preservation of representative samples for the national bio - geographic space, including natural elements with a special value from a physico - geographical aspect, flora, fauna, hidrological, geological, paleontological, speological, pedological point of view or of another nature, giving the possibility of visiting them for scientific, educational, recreative and touristic purpose; natural parks - natural protected areas whose purpose is the protection and preservation of landscape piles in which human activities interactions in time created a distinct area, with landscape and/or cultural significant value, often with a great biological diversity; scientific reservations - natural protected areas whose purpose is the protection and preservation of terrestrial and/or aquatic natural habitats, including representative elements of scientific interest from flora, fauna, geological, speological, paleontological, pedological point of view or of other nature; natural reservations - natural protected areas whose purpose is the protection and preservation of important natural habitats and species from flora, fauna, forestry, hydrological, geological, speological, paleontological, pedological point of view; natural monuments - natural protected areas whose purpose is the protection and preservation of natural elements and of ecological, scientific, landscape special significance, represented by wild plants and animal species, rare, endemic or endangered, secular trees, flora and fauna associations, geological phenomena - caves, erosion aspects, gorges, water courses, waterfalls and other types of geological manifestations and formations, fosils deposits, and other natural elements with a natural patrimony value being unique or rare;
zone umede de importan internaional sunt acele arii naturale protejate al cror scop este asigurarea proteciei i conservrii siturilor naturale cu diversitate biologic specific zonelor umede; arii de protecie special avifaunistic sunt acele arii naturale protejate ale cror scopuri sunt conservarea, meninerea, i acolo unde este cazul, readucerea ntr-o stare de conservare favorabil a speciilor de psri i a habitatelor specifice, desemnate pentru protecia speciilor de psri migratoare slbatice; situri de importan comunitar reprezint acele arii care, n regiunile biogeografice n care exist, contribuie semnificativ la meninerea sau restaurarea la o stare de conservare favorabil a habitatelor naturale din anexa 2 a O.U.G. nr. 57/2007 sau a speciilor de interes comunitar din anexa 3 a O.U.G. nr. 57/2007 i care pot contribui astfel semnificativ la coerena reelei NATURA 2000 i/sau contribuie semnificativ la meninerea diversitii biologice n regiunile biogeografice respective. Evaluarea calitii apelor de suprafa const n monitorizarea parametrilor biologici hidromorfologici, fizicochimici, a poluanilor prioritari sau a altor poluani evacuai n cantiti importante. Potrivit Legii nr. 310/2004, anexa 11, se disting 5 clase de calitate, definite astfel: clasa de calitate I - stare foarte bun - nu exist alterri (sau sunt foarte mici) ale valorilor elementelor fizico-chimice i hidromorfologice de calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de ap de suprafa fa de cele asociate n mod normal cu acel tip n condiii nemodificate; clasa de calitate II - stare bun - valorile elementelor biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corp de ap de suprafa prezint nivele sczute de schimbare datorit activitilor umane, dar deviaz uor fa de acele valori normale asociate cu tipul de corpuri de ap de suprafa n condiii nemodificate; clasa de calitate III - stare moderat - valorile elementelor biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corp de ap de suprafa deviaz moderat fa de acelea care sunt n mod normal asociate cu tipul de corp de ap de suprafa n condiii nemodificate. Valorile prezint semne moderate de perturbare ca urmare a activitilor umane i sunt esenial perturbate fa de valorile din condiiile de stare bun; clasa de calitate IV - slab - prezint dovezi de alterri majore ale valorilor elementelor biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de ape de suprafa i n care comunitile biologice importante deviaz semnificativ de la valorile normale asociate cu tipul de corpuri de ap de suprafa n condiii nemodificate; clasa de calitate V - proast - prezint dovezi de alterri majore ale valorilor elementelor biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de ape de suprafa i n care pri mari din comunitile biologice importante care sunt n mod normal asociate cu tipul de corpuri de apa de suprafa n condiii nemodificate, sunt absente. Gradul de defoliere a coroanei arborilor este unul dintre indicatorii care exprim starea de sntate a pdurilor.
wetlands of international importance are those protected natural areas whose purpose is to ensure the protection and preservation of the natural sites with a wetland-specific biological diversity; special avifaunistic protection areas are those protected natural areas whose purpose is the preservation, maintenance and where necessary the conservative rehabilitation of the bird species and specific habitats designated for wild migratory bird species protection; sites of community interest reprezent areas located in biogeographical regions, contributing significantly to the maintenance or restoration to a favourable preservation state of the natural habitats mentioned in Annex 2 to the Government emergency ordinance no. 57/2007 or of the community interest species mentioned in Annex 3 to the same ordinance, contributing significantly to the coherence of the NATURE 2000 network and/or to the maintenance of the biological diversity in the concerned biogeographical regions. The evaluation of the superficial waters quality is carried out by monitoring the biological hidro - morfological parameters, physico - chemical, the prioritary pollution agents or other pollution agents evacuated in important quantities. According to Law no.310/2004, annex 11, 5 quality classes are distinguished, defined as follows: the first quality class - very good state - no alterations (or very few) of physico-chemical and hydro-morfological quality elements value exist for the type of superficial waters bodies as against those normally associated with specific type in unchanged conditions; the second quality class - good state - biological quality elements values for superficial water body type presents low levels of change because of human activity, but it slightly deviate as against those normal values associated with superficial water bodies type in unchanged conditions; the third quality class - moderate state - biological quality elements values for superficial water body type moderately deviates as against those which are normally associated with superficial water body type in unchanged conditions. These values presents moderate perturbation signs because of human activities and are essentially perturbated as against the good state conditions values; the fourth quality class - poor - presents major alteration proofs of the biological quality elements values for superficial water bodies type in which important biological communities significantly deviates from the normal values associated with superficial water bodies type in unchanged conditions;
the fifth quality class - bad - presents major alteration proofs of the biological quality elements values for superficials water bodies type and in which big parts from important biological communities which are normally associated with superficial water bodies type in unchanged conditions are absent. Tree crown defoliation is one of indicators expressing forests state of health.
Datele privind starea pdurilor provin din sondajele realizate de ctre Regia Naional a Pdurilor prin reeaua naional de sondaje permanente, observrile efectundu-se n 3879 de parcele de sondaj (cu o suprafa de 4x4 km fiecare). n anul 2006 au fost inventariai selectiv 97626 arbori, din care 24862 la specia rinoase i 72764 la specia foioase. Defolierea este evaluat prin proporia frunzelor czute n raport cu normele stabilite i se detaliaz n 5 clase: clasa 0: 0-10% = neafectat; clasa 1: 11-25% = uor; clasa 2: 26-60% = mediu; clasa 3: 61-99% = sever; clasa 4: 100% = uscat. Cheltuielile pentru protecia mediului includ investiiile i cheltuielile curente interne pentru desfurarea activitilor de supraveghere i protecie a mediului, i care se refer la prevenirea sau repararea pagubelor aduse acestuia. Investiiile pentru protecia mediului includ cheltuielile efectuate pentru lucrri de construcii, de instalaii i de montaj, pentru achiziionarea de utilaje, mijloace de transport, alte cheltuieli destinate crerii de noi mijloace fixe pentru dezvoltarea, modernizarea, reconstrucia celor existente, cu scopul de protecie a mediului. Ele includ, de asemenea, valoarea serviciilor legate de transferul de proprieti al mijloacelor fixe existente i al terenurilor (taxe, materiale, comisioane, cheltuieli de transport de ncrcare - descrcare). Cheltuieli curente interne pentru protecia mediului nsumeaz cheltuielile efectuate pentru operarea, repararea i ntreinerea instalaiilor i utilajelor pentru protecia mediului de ctre personalul ntreprinderii. Ele includ salariile i impozitele aferente i cheltuielile materiale (materii prime, materiale, combustibili, energie, ap etc.). Cheltuielile curente interne nu includ cheltuielile pentru achiziionarea de servicii de mediu de la teri. Categoriile de productori de servicii pentru protecia mediului sunt: productorii specializai - uniti care execut activiti de protecia mediului ca activitate principal, care se regsesc n CAEN Rev.1, la: diviziunea 90 (eliminarea deeurilor i a apelor uzate, asanare, salubritate i activiti similare), diviziunea 37 (recuperarea deeurilor i resturilor de materiale reciclabile), diviziunea 41 (captarea, tratarea i distribuia apei) i clasa 5157 (comer cu ridicata al deeurilor i resturilor); productorii nespecializai - uniti care execut o activitate de protecia mediului ca activitate secundar sau auxiliar la o activitate principal. Activitatea principal nu este una de protecia mediului. Aceste uniti se regsesc n sectorul producie (CAEN Rev.1, diviziunile: 02,10-45, exclusiv diviziunile: 37, 41); administraia public - toate unitile administraiei publice locale i centrale a cror producie de servicii de protecia mediului non-pia este destinat consumului individual i colectiv.
Data on forests state come from the sample surveys carried out by National Company of Forests through the permanent samplings national network, observations being carried out in 3879 permanent sample lots (on 4x4 Km area). In 2006, 97626 trees were selectively inventaried of which 24862 resinous and 72764 broad - leaved species. The defoliation is evaluated by the share of fallen leaves, according to the set up norms and is divided into 5 classes: 0 class: 0-10% = unaffected; 1 class: 11-25% = slight; 2 class: 26-60% = medium; 3 class: 61-99% = severe; 4 class: 100% = dry. Environment protection expenditure include investment and internal current expenditure for carrying out the activities of environment observation and protection and refer to environment damages prevention or repair. Investments for environment protection include the expenditure made for construction, installations and building works, for equipment, transport means purchasing, other expenditure meant to create new fixed assets for the development, modernization, reconstruction of the already existent ones, having the purpose of environment protection. They also include the value of services related to existent fixed assets and land ownership transfer (taxes, materials, commissions, loading-unloading transport expenditure). Current internal expenditure for environment protection are made of the expenditure for operating, repairs and maintenance of installations and equipment for environment protection by enterprise staff. They include salaries and taxes and material expenditure (raw materials, materials, fuels, energy, water a.s.o.). The current internal expenditure do not include environmental services purchased from thirds. Categories of service producers for environment protection are: specialised producers - units carrying out an activity of environment protection as their main activity, which are to be found at CANE Rev.1, at: division 90 (sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities), division 37 (recovery of waste and scraps of recycled materials), division 41 (water collection, purification and distribution), and 5157 class (wholesale of waste and remains); non-specialised producers - units carrying out an activity of environment protection as their secondary or auxiliary activity. Their main activity is not the environment protection. These units are found in the sector of production (CANE Rev. 1, divisions: 02,10-45, excluding divisions 37, 41); public administration - local and central units of public administration whose non-market production of environment protection services is meant for individual and collective consumption.
Activitile specifice de protecia mediului sunt grupate dup domeniile de mediu, astfel: prevenirea i combaterea polurii (protecia aerului, protecia apei, managementul deeurilor, protecia solului i a apelor subterane); protecia resurselor naturale i conservarea biodiversitii (protecia speciilor, arii protejate, remediere i reconstrucie ecologic, refacerea mediului acvatic, prevenirea fenomenelor naturale periculoase); alte domenii (cercetare-dezvoltare, administrare general a mediului, reducerea zgomotului i a vibraiilor, protecia mpotriva radiaiilor, educaie, instruire, informare).
Specific activities of environment protection are grouped by environmental domains, as follows: pollution prevention and reduction (air protection, water protection, wastes management, soil and underground waters protection); natural resources protection and biodiversity preservation (species protection, protected areas, ecological remedy and reconstruction, aquatic environment restoration, prevention of dangerous natural phenomena); other domains (research-development, environment general administration, noise and vibrations reduction, protection against radiation, education, training, looking for information).
1.1 POZIIA GEOGRAFIC A ROMNIEI GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF ROMANIA
Punctul extrem (localitatea) Extreme point (locality) Nord North Sud South Est East Vest West
1)
Judeul County Botoani Teleorman Tulcea Timi
Longitudinea estic Longitude east
1) 1)
Latitudinea nordic Latitude north 48o15'06'' 43o37'07'' 45o09'36'' 46o07'27''
Satul Horoditea Horoditea village Oraul Zimnicea Zimnicea town Oraul Sulina Sulina town Comuna Beba Veche Beba Veche commune
26o42'05'' 25o23'32'' 29o41'24'' 20o15'44''
Dup Greenwich. / According to Greenwich.
1.2 LUNGIMEA FRONTIERELOR ROMNIEI LENGTH OF ROMANIAS BORDERS

km Lungimea frontierelor / Border length Total Total Total granie Bulgaria Republica Moldova Serbia Ucraina Ungaria Marea Neagr 3149,9 631,3 681,3 546,4 649,4 448,0 193,5 Terestr Land 1085,6 139,1 256,8 273,8 415,9 Fluvial River 1816,9 470,0 681,3 289,6 343,9 32,1 Maritim Sea 247,4 22,2 31,7 193,5 Total borders Bulgaria Republic of Moldova Serbia Ukraine Hungary Black Sea
Not: Lungimile frontierelor sunt oficializate numai cu Serbia i Ungaria, celelalte frontiere fiind calculate unilateral. Note: Lengths of borders are official only with Serbia and Hungary, the other borders being unilaterally calculated.
1.3 PRINCIPALELE ALTITUDINI MUNTOASE MAJOR MOUNTAIN PEAKS
Denumirea vrfului muntos Name of peak Moldoveanu Negoiu Parngu Mare Peleaga Omu Retezat Iezerul Mare Ppua Pietrosu Gugu Suru Ineu Cindrel tefleti La Om (Piscul Baciului) Godeanu Cleanu arcu Leaota Vrful lui Ptru Ursu Pietrosu ureanu Farcu Ciuca Toroiaga Ocolau Mare Toaca Straja Budacu Giumalu Cucurbta Mare ible Vldeasa Muntele Mare Harghita Mdra Hmau Mare Pietrosu Goru Lc u Saca Penteleu Vlacu Mic Cozia Grindu Raru Nemira Lucina Cucu Bivolu Pacani Vrful lui Stan Piatra Goznei Guti Poienia Pade Dmbu Igni Ciomatu Detunata Svinecea Mare Leordi Pleu Vrful Cetii Mgura Priei Drocea uuiatu
Denumirea masivului muntos Name of massif Fgra Fgra Parng Retezat Bucegi Retezat Iezer Iezer Rodna Godeanu Fgra Rodna Cindrel Lotru Piatra Craiului Godeanu arcu arcu Leaota ureanu Cpna Climan ureanu Maramure Ciuca Maramure Ceahlu Ceahlu Vlcan Bistria Raru Bihor ible Vldeasa Muntele Mare Harghita Hma Bistria Vrancea Vrancea Gurghiu Penteleu Munii Cernei Cozia Tarcu Raru Nemira Obcina Mestecni Harghita Stnioara Obcina Feredeu Mehedini Semenic Guti Munii Metaliferi Poiana Rusc Trascu Guti Bodoc Munii Metaliferi Almj Munii Aninei Codru Moma Perani Mese Zarand Mcin
Judeul County Arge Arge, Braov, Sibiu Gorj, Hunedoara Hunedoara Prahova, Braov, Dmbovia Hunedoara Arge Arge Maramure Cara-Severin, Hunedoara Sibiu, Vlcea Bistria-Nsud Sibiu Sibiu, Vlcea Braov Cara-Severin, Gorj Cara-Severin Cara-Severin Dmbovia, Arge Hunedoara Vlcea Suceava, Mure Hunedoara Maramure Braov, Prahova Maramure Neam Neam Gorj, Hunedoara Neam, Suceava Suceava Bihor, Alba Maramure, Bistria-Nsud Cluj Alba, Cluj Harghita Harghita, Neam Suceava Buzu, Vrancea Covasna, Vrancea Mure Buzu Cara-Severin Vlcea Bacu Suceava Bacu Suceava Harghita, Covasna Neam Suceava Mehedini Cara-Severin Maramure Alba Timi, Cara-Severin Alba Maramure Harghita Alba Cara-Severin Cara-Severin Arad, Bihor Braov Slaj Arad Tulcea
Altitudinea vrfului (m) Height (m) 2544 2535 2519 2509 2505 2482 2462 2391 2303 2291 2283 2279 2244 2242 2238 2229 2190 2190 2133 2130 2124 2100 2059 1956 1954 1930 1907 1900 1868 1859 1856 1849 1837 1836 1826 1800 1792 1791 1784 1777 1776 1772 1733 1668 1664 1650 1649 1588 1558 1530 1495 1466 1447 1443 1437 1374 1369 1307 1301 1258 1224 1160 1112 1104 996 836 467
1.4 LUNGIMEA PRINCIPALELOR CURSURI DE AP DE PE TERITORIUL ROMNIEI LENGTH OF MAJOR RIVERS ON ROMANIAN TERRITORY
Denumirea cursului de ap River name Dunre Mure Prut Olt Siret Ialomia Some Arge Jiu Buzu Dmbovia Bistria Jijia Trnava Mare Timi Criul Alb Vedea Moldova Brlad Trnava Mic Prahova Neajlov Olte Someul Mic Suceava Bega Arie Trotu
1)
Lungimea cursului de ap (km) Length of the river (km) 1075 761 742 615 559 417 376 350 339 302 286 283 275 246 244 234 224 213 207 196 193 186 185 178 173 170 166 162
Suprafaa bazinului (km 2) Basin area (km 2 ) 332501) 27890 10990 24050 42890 10350 15740 12550 10080 5264 2824 7039 5757 6253 5673 4240 5430 4299 7220 2071 3738 3720 2663 3773 2298 2362 3005 4456
Fr afluenii care formeaz bazine de ordinul 1. / Excluding the tributaries which form the first degree basins.
1.5 PRINCIPALELE LACURI NATURALE MAJOR NATURAL LAKES
Denumirea lacului natural Natural lake name Bucura Znoaga Mare Blea Clcescu Sfnta Ana Zton Iezerul Ighiu Vintileasca Lacul Rou Bltu Ianca Movila Miresii Lacul Srat-Brila Oltina Iezerul Mostitei Balta Alb Jirlu Amara-Buzu Snagov Cldruani Hazarlc Amara-Ialomia Taaul Techirghiol Mangalia Tatlageac Razim Sinoie Zmeica Siutghiol Brate Bistre Suhaia Lacul Rotund Dranov Lacul Rou Gorgova Lumina Merhei Furtuna Matia
1)
Judeul County Hunedoara Hunedoara Sibiu Gorj Harghita Mehedini Alba Vrancea Harghita Bacu Brila Brila Brila Constana Clrai Buzu, Brila Brila Buzu Ilfov Ilfov Constana Ialomia Constana Constana Constana Constana Tulcea Constana Tulcea Constana Galai Dolj Teleorman Tulcea Tulcea Tulcea Tulcea Tulcea Tulcea Tulcea Tulcea
Suprafaa (ha) Area (ha) Lacuri n circuri glaciare / Lakes of glacial circuses 10,5 9,0 4,7 3,0 Lacuri n cratere vulcanice / Lakes of volcanic crater 22,0 Lacuri n depresiuni carstice / Lakes of karstic depressions 20,0 5,3 4,7 Lacuri de baraj natural / Lakes of natural barrage 12,6 6,0 Lacuri n crovuri (depresiuni de tasare) / Clasto-karstic lakes 322,0 180,0 39,0 Limane fluviatile / River banks 2509,0 1860,0 1012,0 890,0 600,0 575,0 224,0 168,0 132,0 Limane fluvio-maritime / River - maritime banks 2335,0 1161,0 261,0 178,0 Lagune marine / Maritime lagoons 41500,0 17150,0 5460,0 1900,0 Lacuri de lunc / River meadow lakes 2111,0 1867,0 1094,0 219,0 Lacuri din Delta Dunrii / Danube Delta lakes 2170,0 1445,0 1377,5 1367,5 1057,5 977,5 652,5
Volum (mil. m3) Volume (mill. m 3 ) 0,5 1,0 0,2 0,1 0,6 1,0 0,2 0,1 0,7 0,1 1,6 4,5 0,2 60,0 160,01) 5,1 5,6 3,6 17,3 4,5 0,8 2,6 57,0 41,8 15,7 14,0 909,0 210,7 45,6 88,7 30,0 28,0 18,0 2,0 21,7 21,7 13,8 20,5 15,9 9,8 9,8
Volum rezultat din lucrrile de amenajare pentru irigaii. / Volume resulted from planning works for irrigations.
1.6 PRINCIPALELE LACURI ANTROPICE MAJOR ANTHROPIC LAKES
Denumirea lacului antropic Anthropic lake name
Judeul County
Suprafaa la nivel normal de retenie (ha) Area at normal level of afflux (ha) 70000,01) 7920,0 5900,0 3100,0 2204,0 1692,0 1280,0 1095,0 1080,0 1013,0 950,0 884,0 870,0 500,0 452,0 447,0 420,0 380,0 360,0 290,0 270,0 256,0 234,0 230,0 230,0 215,0 182,0
Volumul la nivel normal de retenie (mil. m 3) Volume at normal level of afflux (mill. m 3 ) 2400,0 800,0 735,0 1130,0 202,7 110,0 96,0 74,0 76,0 76,3 340,0 212,9 469,0 6,1 15,8 131,0 210,0 8,6 126,0 120,0 65,0 14,2 14,1 38,0 8,0 70,3 63,0 energie / energy energie / energy complex / complex energie / energy energie / energy energie / energy energie / energy energie / energy energie / energy complex / complex energie / energy energie / energy complex / complex piscicultur / fish breeding complex / complex energie / energy energie / energy complex / complex complex / complex complex / complex complex / complex complex / complex complex / complex complex / complex complex / complex energie / energy complex / complex Categoria de folosin Category of use
Porile de Fier Ostrovu Mare Stnca-Costeti Izvorul Muntelui-Bicaz Strejeti Ipoteti Frunzaru Izbiceni Drgneti Mihileti Vidra Fntnele Vidraru Drcani Soleti Oaa Gura Apelor Clineti Siriu Iovanu Colibia Lacul Morii Vcreti Brdior Pucai Tarnia Pecineagu
1)
Mehedini Mehedini Botoani Neam Olt Olt Olt Olt Olt Ilfov Vlcea Cluj Arge Botoani Vaslui Alba Hunedoara Satu Mare Buzu Gorj Bistria Nsud Municipiul Bucureti Dmbovia Vlcea Vaslui Cluj Dmbovia
ntre confluena Nera-Dunre i baraj (dup datele celor dou hidrocentrale). / Nera-Danube and dam confluence (according to the data of the two hydro-power stations).
1.7 ALTITUDINEA MEDIE A PRINCIPALELOR ORAE DIN ROMNIA AVERAGE HEIGHT OF MAJOR TOWNS IN ROMANIA
Oraul Town Alba lulia Alexandria Arad Bacu Baia Mare Bistria Brlad Botoani Braov Brila Bucureti / Bucharest Buzu Clrai Cluj - Napoca Constana Craiova Dej Deva Drobeta-Turnu Severin Fgra Focani Galai Giurgiu Hunedoara Iai Lugoj Media Miercurea Ciuc Odorheiu Secuiesc Oneti Oradea Petroani Piatra Neam Piteti Ploieti Reia Rmnicu Vlcea Roman Satu Mare Sfntu Gheorghe Sibiu Sighetu Marmaiei Sighioara Slatina Slobozia Suceava Tecuci Timioara Trgovite Trgu Jiu Trgu Mure Tulcea Turda Turnu Mgurele Vaslui Zalu
Judeul County Alba Teleorman Arad Bacu Maramure Bistria-Nsud Vaslui Botoani Braov Brila Buzu Clrai Cluj Constana Dolj Cluj Hunedoara Mehedini Braov Vrancea Galai Giurgiu Hunedoara Iai Timi Sibiu Harghita Harghita Bacu Bihor Hunedoara Neam Arge Prahova Cara-Severin Vlcea Neam Satu Mare Covasna Sibiu Maramure Mure Olt Ialomia Suceava Galai Timi Dmbovia Gorj Mure Tulcea Cluj Teleorman Vaslui Slaj
Altitudinea medie (m) Average height (m) 235 45 107 165 225 360 90 130 625 20 85 95 13 360 25 100 285 220 65 430 55 35 23 245 95 70 285 665 385 210 150 650 345 287 150 245 250 195 123 555 415 270 375 135 35 325 50 90 280 205 330 30 330 23 110 275
Not: Oraul situat la cea mai mare altitudine medie este Predeal (judeul Braov) - 1060 m. Oraul situat la cea mai mic altitudine medie este Sulina (judeul Tulcea) - 4 m. Note: The town situated at the highest average height is Predeal (Braov county) - 1060 m. The town situated at the lowest average height is Sulina (Tulcea county) - 4 m.
1.8 ORGANIZAREA ADMINISTRATIV A TERITORIULUI ROMNIEI, LA 31 DECEMBRIE 2007 ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATION OF ROMANIAN TERRITORY, ON DECEMBER 31, 2007
Macroregiunea Regiunea de dezvoltare Judeul Macroregion Development region County Total MACROREGIUNEA 1 / MACROREGION 1 Nord - Vest / North - West Bihor Bistria-Nsud Cluj Maramure Satu Mare Slaj Centru / Center Alba Braov Covasna Harghita Mure Sibiu MACROREGIUNEA 2 / MACROREGION 2 Nord - Est / North - East Bacu Botoani Iai Neam Suceava Vaslui Sud - Est / South - East Brila Buzu Constana Galai Tulcea Vrancea MACROREGIUNEA 3 / MACROREGION 3 Bucureti - Ilfov / Bucharest - Ilfov Ilfov Municipiul Bucureti / Bucharest Municipality Sud - Muntenia / South - Muntenia Arge Clrai Dmbovia Giurgiu Ialomia Prahova Teleorman MACROREGIUNEA 4 / MACROREGION 4 Sud - Vest Oltenia / South - West Oltenia Dolj Gorj Mehedini Olt Vlcea Vest / West Arad Cara-Severin Hunedoara Timi Numrul oraelor i municipiilor Number of towns and municipalities 320 100 43 10 4 6 13 6 4 57 11 10 5 9 11 11 81 46 8 7 5 5 16 5 35 4 5 12 4 5 5 57 9 8 1 48 7 5 7 3 7 14 5 82 40 7 9 5 8 11 42 10 8 14 10
Suprafaa total Total area (km2)
din care: municipii of which: municipalities
Numrul comunelor Number of communes
Numrul satelor Number of villages
238391 68259 34159 7544 5355 6674 6304 4418 3864 34100 6242 5363 3710 6639 6714 5432 72612 36850 6621 4986 5476 5896 8553 5318 35762 4766 6103 7071 4466 8499 4857 36274 1821 1583 238 34453 6826 5088 4054 3526 4453 4716 5790 61246 29212 7414 5602 4933 5498 5765 32034 7754 8520 7063 8697
103 35 15 4 1 5 2 2 1 20 4 4 2 4 4 2 28 17 3 2 2 2 5 3 11 1 2 3 2 1 2 17 1 1 16 3 2 2 1 3 2 3 23 11 3 2 2 2 2 12 1 2 7 2
2856 758 401 90 58 75 63 58 57 357 67 48 40 58 91 53 860 506 85 71 93 78 98 81 354 40 82 58 60 46 68 551 32 32 519 95 50 82 51 59 90 92 687 408 104 61 61 104 78 279 68 69 55 87
12955 3587 1799 429 235 420 214 220 281 1788 656 149 122 235 464 162 3861 2414 491 333 418 344 379 449 1447 140 475 188 180 133 331 2110 91 91 2019 576 160 353 167 127 405 231 3397 2070 378 411 344 377 560 1327 270 287 457 313
TEMPERATURA AERULUI I PRECIPITAIILE ATMOSFERICE NREGISTRATE LA PRINCIPALELE STAII METEOROLOGICE, N ANUL 2007 AIR TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATIONS REGISTRED AT THE MAIN METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS, IN 2007
Staia meteorologic Meteorological station
Minima absolut anual (grade Celsius) Yearly absolute minimum (Celsius degrees) -9,2 -23,6 -9,5 -20,5 -10,2 -10,4 -17,3 -6,7 -8,4 -11,4 -21,2 -13,1 -9,2 -11,6 -13,8 -12,4 -9,2 -8,4
Maxima absolut anual (grade Celsius) Yearly absolute maximum (Celsius degrees) 39,2 36,0 40,4 40,1 38,0 37,9 40,3 41,1 40,0 38,3 20,0 40,5 40,7 40,3 44,3 43,4 41,8 38,5
Cantitatea anual de precipitaii (mm) Yearly average quantity by precipitations (mm) 708,9 687,5 655,5 513,6 806,3 746,1 603,8 649,2 655,9 777,3 875,7 499,6 1082,3 542,4 583,7 595,6 610,2 493,7
Satu Mare Suceava Oradea Iai Cluj - Napoca Trgu Mure Bacu Timioara Deva Sibiu Vrfu Omu Galai Trgu Jiu Buzu Calafat Turnu Mgurele Bucureti - Filaret Constana
Sursa: Administraia Naional de Meteorologie. Source: National Administration of Meteorology.
1.9 TEMPERATURA AERULUI (media lunar i anual) AIR TEMPERATURE (monthly and yearly average)
grade Celsius / Celsius degrees Media lunar / Monthly average Staia meteorologic i anii de observaie Ianuarie January Februarie February Martie March Aprilie April Mai May Iunie June Iulie July August August Septembrie September Octombrie October Noiembrie November Decembrie December Media anual Yearly average Amplitudinea anual Yearly amplitude Meteorological station and observation years
Satu Mare 1901 - 2000 2007 Suceava 1901 - 2000 2007 Oradea 1901 - 2000 2007 Iai 1901 - 2000 2007 Cluj - Napoca 1901 - 2000 2007 Trgu Mure 1901 - 2000 2007 Bacu 1901 - 2000 2007 Timioara 1901 - 2000 2007 Deva 1901 - 2000 2007 Sibiu 1901 - 2000 2007 Vrfu Omu 1901 - 2000 2007 Galai 1901 - 2000 2007 Trgu Jiu 1901 - 2000 2007 Buzu 1901 - 2000 2007 Calafat 1901 - 2000 2007 Turnu Mgurele 1901 - 2000 2007 Bucureti - Filaret 1901 - 2000 2007 Constana 1901 - 2000 2007
-2,8 3,4 -4,8 3,6 -1,9 4,3 -3,5 3,8 -4,2 2,1 -4,0 2,1 -3,6 4,3 -1,5 4,4 -2,5 3,4 -3,6 2,4 -10,6 -8,7 -2,6 4,6 -2,4 3,6 -2,2 4,8 -1,4 7,4 -2,3 5,4 -2,2 5,2 0,1 6,5
-0,6 3,8 -3,2 -0,3 0,3 4,7 -1,8 0,9 -2,1 3,1 -1,8 2,8 -2,1 1,4 0,6 5,5 0,0 4,0 -1,4 2,7 -10,8 -8,8 -0,9 2,8 -0,3 3,9 -0,2 3,1 0,6 5,2 0,3 4,4 -0,2 4,3 1,2 4,8
4,5 8,0 1,4 5,9 5,2 8,6 3,1 7,5 3,6 7,1 4,0 7,3 2,9 6,6 5,7 8,6 5,3 8,2 3,9 6,5 -8,5 -6,7 4,0 7,8 4,8 8,1 4,4 7,8 5,7 8,4 5,6 8,1 5,3 8,5 4,5 7,7
10,4 10,8 7,9 9,2 10,8 12,2 10,2 10,6 9,2 10,2 9,7 10,1 9,7 10,2 11,1 12,7 10,7 11,4 9,5 10,4 -4,4 -5,2 10,8 11,7 10,9 12,8 10,9 12,0 11,9 14,4 12,2 12,8 11,6 13,0 9,6 11,0
15,7 18,1 13,4 16,3 15,9 18,2 16,0 19,5 14,4 16,7 14,8 17,0 15,2 18,2 16,3 18,3 15,6 17,4 14,4 17,0 0,3 3,0 16,5 19,3 15,9 18,2 16,6 19,6 17,4 19,5 17,6 19,9 16,9 20,0 15,2 16,9
18,8 21,6 16,9 19,9 19,0 22,2 19,5 23,2 17,4 19,9 17,7 20,6 18,9 22,0 19,6 22,4 18,6 20,8 17,5 20,2 3,5 6,0 20,4 24,2 19,4 22,1 20,3 23,7 21,0 24,4 21,3 24,1 20,7 24,4 19,7 23,0
20,4 22,7 18,6 21,5 20,9 23,6 21,2 25,4 19,1 21,4 19,4 22,0 20,6 24,2 21,5 24,2 20,4 22,3 19,2 22,0 5,5 8,8 22,5 26,7 21,4 24,7 22,3 26,2 23,3 27,4 23,3 27,2 22,9 27,3 22,2 25,2
19,8 21,6 17,8 19,7 20,4 22,4 20,5 22,4 18,4 19,8 18,8 20,3 19,8 21,7 20,9 23,0 19,8 20,7 18,6 19,5 5,7 7,9 21,9 24,7 20,8 22,1 21,9 23,8 22,8 23,9 22,5 24,0 22,4 24,3 22,0 24,5
15,5 13,8 13,6 13,6 16,3 14,3 15,9 15,6 14,2 13,0 14,6 13,4 15,3 14,9 16,8 14,8 15,7 13,9 14,5 13,3 2,8 1,4 17,3 17,2 16,5 14,8 17,4 16,8 18,2 16,9 18,1 16,7 17,7 17,3 18,2 18,2
10,1 9,3 7,9 8,7 10,9 10,4 10,0 10,7 8,8 8,8 9,2 9,1 9,5 9,9 11,2 10,7 10,2 10,0 9,2 9,0 -0,8 -0,3 11,3 12,3 10,5 10,6 11,2 12,1 11,9 11,7 11,8 11,4 11,8 12,2 13,2 14,0
4,9 2,9 2,7 0,9 5,3 3,7 4,1 2,6 3,3 1,9 3,7 2,3 3,7 2,1 5,7 4,2 4,7 3,2 3,8 2,2 -4,8 -7,9 5,2 4,1 4,8 3,2 5,1 3,6 5,7 4,1 5,7 3,7 5,5 3,9 7,6 7,1
0,1 -0,9 -2,2 -2,7 0,8 -0,3 -0,8 -0,8 -1,4 -2,6 -1,3 -2,7 -0,9 -2,0 1,2 0,0 0,3 -1,2 -1,1 -2,2 -8,4 -8,3 0,1 0,1 0,0 -0,7 0,4 -0,3 1,0 -1,0 0,5 -1,2 0,4 -0,1 2,8 2,1
9,7 11,3 7,5 9,7 10,3 12,0 9,5 11,8 8,4 10,1 8,7 10,4 9,1 11,1 10,7 12,4 9,9 11,2 8,7 10,3 -2,6 -1,6 10,5 13,0 10,2 12,0 10,7 12,8 11,5 13,5 11,4 13,0 11,0 13,4 11,4 13,4
23,2 28,0 23,4 27,6 22,8 25,9 24,7 28,6 23,3 25,7 23,4 26,8 24,2 28,9 23,0 25,3 22,9 24,8 22,8 26,0 16,5 17,6 25,1 28,0 23,8 27,4 24,5 26,8 24,7 27,1 25,6 27,8 25,1 26,6 22,1 25,8
Satu Mare 1901 - 2000 2007 Suceava 1901 - 2000 2007 Oradea 1901 - 2000 2007 Iai 1901 - 2000 2007 Cluj - Napoca 1901 - 2000 2007 Trgu Mure 1901 - 2000 2007 Bacu 1901 - 2000 2007 Timioara 1901 - 2000 2007 Deva 1901 - 2000 2007 Sibiu 1901 - 2000 2007 Vrfu Omu 1901 - 2000 2007 Galai 1901 - 2000 2007 Trgu Jiu 1901 - 2000 2007 Buzu 1901 - 2000 2007 Calafat 1901 - 2000 2007 Turnu Mgurele 1901 - 2000 2007 Bucharest - Filaret 1901 - 2000 2007 Constana 1901 - 2000 2007
1.10 TEMPERATURA AERULUI (maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual) AIR TEMPERATURE (monthly and yearly absolute maximum and absolute minimum)
grade Celsius / Celsius degrees Maxima absolut Staia meteorologic i anii de observaie Ianuarie January Februarie February Martie March Aprilie April Mai May Iunie June Iulie July August August Septembrie September Octombrie October Noiembrie November Decembrie December anual i data nregistrrii Yearly absolute maximum and its date Minima absolut anual i data nregistrrii Yearly absolute minimum and its date Meteorological station and observation years
Satu Mare 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua Suceava 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua Oradea 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua Iai 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua Cluj - Napoca 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua
14,7 1990 -29,3 1982 12,8 18 -7,6 28
17,9 1989 -27,6 1940 11,9 14 -4,9 19
26,0 1974 -20,6 1940 19,8 8 -2,9 16
30,7 1950 -6,4 1954 25,6 28 -4,3 23
32,4 1937 -2,6 1976 32,7 22,24 -4,9 2
36,3 2000 0,6 1977 32,9 15 8,8 29
37,2 1939; 1987 4,9 1961 39,2 20 9,0 8
39,4 1952 3,5 1980 36,7 23 9,5 1
37,3 1946 -4,7 1970 27,5 28 2,1 20
28,3 1943 -9,3 1971 24,6 1 -4,0 15
24,2 1968 -19,6 1989 15,9 23 -6,4 29,30
18,0 1989 -30,4 1961 8,5 10 -9,2 19
39,4 16 august 1952 -30,4 24 decembrie/December 1961 39,2 20 iulie/July -9,2 12 decembrie/December
15,0 1984 -29,6 1954 14,0 14,21 -12,9 30
20,4 1990 -31,0 1954 12,0 9 -23,6 24
26,6 1952 -21,9 1955 19,8 19 -3,0 29,30
28,4 1943 -9,2 1963 22,0 28 -1,6 20
34,5 1958 -2,2 1999 29,0 23 -1,1 2
34,0 1972 1,5 1958 34,5 26 9,8 30
35,2 1988 5,5 1989 36,0 24 9,3 6
38,6 1952 4,2 1993 34,3 24 10,3 3
32,9 1986 -3,5 1953; 1977 25,5 18 2,5 22
32,0 1952 -8,0 1951; 1979 23,2 18 -1,1 31
24,0 1994 -21,2 1942 11,9 2 -10,0 13
18,0 1989 -29,8 1996 6,8 10 -15,6 28
38,6 17 august 1952 -31,0 20 februarie/February 1954 36,0 24 iulie/July -23,6 24 februarie/February
17,1 1939 -29,2 1942 12,8 14 -9,5 28
19,2 1958 -24,5 1935 12,7 10 -4,2 5
26,4 1974 -18,6 1932 20,1 7 -2,0 5
32,6 1934 -10,0 1944 25,7 28 -0,6 23
33,4 1968 -4,0 1943 32,3 22 -1,7 2
37,8 2000 1,0 1918 33,5 21 9,9 29
39,5 1936 5,0 1943 40,4 20 10,8 13
40,0 2000 4,2 1942; 1943 37,1 23 10,6 1
37,0 1942 -1,9 1970 28,1 18 3,4 21
32,7 1932 -10,5 1943 25,4 3 -2,3 15
26,0 1997 -16,4 1915 15,2 23 -6,6 29
19,2 1957 -26,2 1902 8,8 3 -7,9 19
40,0 21 august 2000 -29,2 24 ianuarie/January 1942 40,4 20 iulie/July -9,5 28 ianuarie/January
16,7 1921 -30,6 1963 15,4 18 -9,9 31
22,5 1990 -36,3 1937 18,8 9 -20,5 24
27,0 1926 -22,7 1952 21,8 19 -2,4 13
31,5 1909 -9,4 1963 24,2 28 1,2 20
36,4 1950 -3,0 1935 36,0 23 -0,5 2
38,0 1927 3,5 1934 37,4 26 12,6 30
40,0 1909 6,3 1929 40,1 22 11,5 13
39,7 1905 4,6 1914 38,1 24 11,0 2
38,0 1946 -3,5 1921; 1931 27,0 18 3,7 22
33,9 1952 -9,6 1912 25,6 1 0,5 30
29,0 1926 -21,1 1993 11,4 2 -6,1 29
19,5 1989 -29,5 1946 8,6 4 -10,4 23
40,0 27 iulie/July 1909 -36,3 1 februarie/February 1937 40,1 22 iulie/July -20,5 24 februarie/February
14,0 1903 -34,2 1963 12,3 11 -7,3 27
19,3 1966 -32,5 1929 13,6 8 -5,5 19
26,6 1975 -22,0 1932 19,2 19 -3,4 6
30,2 1926; 1950 -8,4 1923 22,5 28 -0,8 23
32,5 1924 -3,5 1935 30,3 15 -1,8 3
36,0 1935 0,4 1955 34,4 26 9,5 29
37,0 1936 5,2 1980 38,0 24 9,0 13
38,0 1952 3,5 1933 36,2 24 9,0 2
33,7 1927 -3,0 1939 27,7 18 3,5 22
32,6 1952 -8,8 1997 22,8 1,2 -2,0 16
26,0 1926 -22,3 1948 12,5 3 -9,4 29
18,7 1982 -27,9 1927 11,4 10 -10,2 19
38,0 16 august 1952 -34,2 23 ianuarie/January 1963 38,0 24 iulie/July -10,2 19 decembrie/December
Satu Mare 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date Suceava 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date Oradea 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date Iai 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date Cluj - Napoca 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date
1.10 TEMPERATURA AERULUI (maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual) - continuare AIR TEMPERATURE (monthly and yearly absolute maximum and absolute minimum) - continued
Trgu Mure 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua Bacu 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua Timioara 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua Deva 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua Sibiu 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua
14,0 1936 -32,8 1942; 1963
19,0 1994 -32,0 1929
27,0 1975 -27,3 1932
32,5 1934 -7,5 1929
34,4 1950 -1,6 1976
35,3 1963 0,3 1928
39,0 1936 4,6 1996
38,5 1946 2,7 1958
38,2 1946 -3,3 1970
31,5 1952 -8,4 1988
26,5 1926 -19,6 1989
18,3 1960 -25,9 1927
39,0 29 iulie/July 1936 -32,8 25 ianuarie/January 1942; 23 ianuarie/January 1963 37,9 24 iulie/July -10,4 5 februarie/February
Trgu Mure 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date Bacu 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date Timioara 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date Deva 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date Sibiu 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date
11,8 24 -9,9 28
14,2 8 -10,4 5
20,6 19 -3,2 14
23,3 28 -2,5 20
31,5 14 -3,7 3
34,7 26 10,0 29,30
37,9 24 8,5 13
35,6 23 10,1 3
28,2 28 2,1 22
24,3 2 -3,2 15
15,1 23 -8,1 29
13,4 10 -10,3 18
18,2 1984 -30,8 1963 16,1 18 -11,0 30
22,4 1977 -32,5 1954 16,1 9 -17,3 24
29,6 1952 -21,5 1986 21,6 19 -3,4 29
30,9 1943 -11,3 1963 23,7 28 -0,5 20
35,6 1908 -3,0 1912 33,1 23 0,5 3
36,5 1908 2,7 1939 38,4 26 9,9 30
39,6 1988 6,0 1904; 1954 40,3 24 10,4 13
38,8 1952 3,0 1940 37,4 24 10,6 3
35,8 1946 -4,5 1977 26,0 4 3,1 23
34,6 1952 -10,0 1912 24,8 1 -0,4 16
26,6 1990 -21,4 1993 14,4 2 -8,5 29
19,0 1903 -27,8 1946 8,6 1 -16,0 23
17,4 1979 -35,3 1963 16,5 21 -5,5 1
20,5 1994 -29,2 1935 15,5 8 -4,3 3
28,2 1952 -20,0 1932 20,7 19 -1,2 5
32,0 1950 -5,2 1931 26,2 28 -0,5 9
34,5 1950 -5,0 1935 30,8 14 3,2 3
38,4 1938 2,2 1962 35,5 26 10,8 29
39,6 1939 5,9 1962 41,1 24 10,8 13
41,0 1952 5,0 1949 38,5 23 12,5 5
39,7 1946 -1,9 1970 29,6 18 3,3 21
33,8 1935 -6,8 1971 25,6 3 -1,6 15
27,1 1926 -15,4 1922 15,0 23 -5,4 29
20,2 1957 -24,8 1927 11,1 9 -6,7 19
15,3 1939 -31,6 1963 15,4 21 -7,1 1
20,8 1977 -28,1 1929 15,3 8 -5,1 3,5
28,5 1952 -21,7 1987 20,5 19 -2,0 6
32,3 1956 -6,0 1926 24,7 13 -1,5 20
34,6 1950 -2,4 1953 32,0 15 -1,4 3
35,6 1952; 1963 2,2 1933 35,1 26 8,8 29
39,4 1931; 1936 3,7 1962 40,0 24 9,4 13
39,7 1952 4,4 1961 37,0 24 10,8 3
38,2 1946 -4,2 1970 27,4 28 2,6 23
32,7 1932 -8,0 1997 24,3 5 -2,9 15
27,4 1926 -16,6 1922 15,8 3 -8,3 29
19,8 1957 -24,1 1927 8,9 2 -8,4 19
15,6 1903 -31,8 1963 13,2 24 -8,8 5
21,3 1966 -31,0 1929 15,3 9 -9,7 6
30,6 1952 -24,5 1932 19,0 19 -4,6 14
30,2 1934 -12,0 1942 22,9 28 -1,8 17
32,1 1973 -3,6 1963 29,5 15 -2,1 3
35,4 1963 1,0 1934 34,5 26 9,4 2,30
37,5 1987 4,2 1996 38,3 24 8,1 13
38,4 1946 1,0 1981 34,1 25 7,4 2
39,5 1946 -3,6 1970; 1977 26,2 18 2,4 23
32,5 1932 -9,4 1997 22,9 2 -2,4 15
27,0 1926 -21,3 1948 14,0 2 -8,7 29
19,3 1957 -29,8 1927 11,8 10 -11,7 19
39,5 7 septembrie/September 1946 -31,8 23 ianuarie/January 1963 38,3 24 iulie/July -11,4 19 decembrie/December
grade Celsius / Celsius degrees Staia meteorologic i anii de observaie Maxima absolut anual i data nregistrrii Yearly absolute maximum and its date Minima absolut anual i data nregistrrii Yearly absolute minimum and its date Meteorological station and observation years
Ianuarie January
Februarie February
Martie March
Aprilie April
Mai May
Iunie June
Iulie July
August August
Septembrie September
Octombrie October
Noiembrie November
Decembrie December
Vrfu Omu 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua Galai 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua Trgu Jiu 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua Buzu 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua Calafat 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua
5,6 1949 -32,3 1964 -0,2 11 -20,5 28
6,0 1950 -38,0 1929 -2,6 12 -16,0 5
12,2 1974 -29,6 1987 -2,0 8 -13,7 27
12,8 1986 -26,0 1940 0,1 29 -10,5 16
16,6 1986 -16,0 1940 10,8 27 -9,4 3
22,0 1939 -12,0 1939 18,0 26 -1,5 29
22,1 1984 -8,0 1933 20,0 24 -3,0 13
20,8 1956; 1957 -7,0 1949 19,3 24 -1,3 2
19,2 1993 -15,0 1935 9,0 30 -6,3 10
20,0 1935 -19,0 1946 8,2 3 -12,5 14
13,6 1945 -30,8 1957 2,0 1 -19,2 29
8,2 1972 -32,4 1957 5,5 12 -21,2 14
22,1 14 iulie/July 1984 -38,0 10 februarie/February 1929 20,0 24 iulie/July -21,2 14 decembrie/December
17,3 1993 -26,5 1929 16,9 24 -7,1 30
22,4 1990 -28,6 1929 16,7 9 -13,1 24
27,8 1952 -17,2 1985 22,0 21 -0,9 15
31,8 1998 -5,2 1904 24,8 29 3,2 6
36,2 1950 -0,1 1935 33,2 25 4,1 2
35,8 1908 3,8 1973 37,8 26 13,4 1
40,2 2000 7,3 1976 40,5 22 12,6 13
39,0 1904 6,2 1980 40,4 24 13,3 2
35,7 1968 -1,5 1977 29,3 18 7,7 23
33,5 1952 -6,8 1973 25,8 5 2,6 15
25,6 1926 -17,4 1933 12,9 2 -5,2 29
20,0 1947 -20,7 1996 10,1 3 -7,6 23
18,3 1983 -31,0 1942 18,0 11 -6,9 1
21,7 1990 -28,3 1954 17,8 21 -6,5 5
26,4 1957 -24,7 1987 20,4 15 -1,9 12
31,8 1926 -4,6 1968 25,0 29 -0,4 20
37,5 1950 -1,2 1938 31,4 21 0,7 3
36,6 1947; 1963 2,2 1918; 1990 34,8 26 10,1 30
40,6 2000 5,0 1993 40,7 24 9,3 13
39,0 1922; 1946 1952 2,6 1939 35,9 25 11,6 3
40,6 1946 -4,0 1906 28,4 18 3,2 23
31,5 1935 -9,0 1918 26,1 5 -1,8 16
26,4 1926 -15,1 1904 15,4 3 -7,7 29
20,0 1986 -26,9 1940 12,2 6,9 -9,2 22
40,6 8 septembrie/September 1946 4 iulie/July 2000 -31,0 24 ianuarie/January 1942 40,7 24 iulie/July -9,2 22 decembrie/December
Vrfu Omu 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date Galai 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date Trgu Jiu 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date Buzu 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date Calafat 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date
18,4 1936 -29,6 1942 16,5 18,19 -8,2 30
22,2 1990 -25,0 1929 17,5 9 -11,6 25
27,9 1947 -17,0 1901 21,7 19 -0,6 16
31,5 1909; 1947 -5,3 1944 24,4 29 0,9 20
37,3 1950 -2,0 1915 33,0 28 2,3 3
38,5 1908 4,6 1973 38,1 26 11,6 2
39,8 2000 7,5 1902 40,3 23 12,6 6
39,6 1951 5,4 1939 38,3 24 13,3 1
37,0 1946 -2,0 1977 29,7 5 6,8 7
35,3 1952 -8,0 1988 26,2 5 0,3 16
25,0 1963 -17,6 1975 15,8 2 -5,1 14
21,6 1989 -23,0 1902 10,6 2 -9,0 21
39,8 5 iulie/July 2000 -29,6 24 ianuarie/January 1942 40,3 23 iulie/July -11,6 25 februarie/February
20,5 1993 -29,2 1947 20,2 14 -2,9 16
22,4 1990 -24,6 1950 20,0 21 -5,6 25
27,6 1952; 1994 -15,7 1963 22,1 19 -2,4 12
34,5 1985 -3,0 1912 27,5 29 1,0 3
36,6 1969 1,6 1952 33,4 14 4,9 2
39,5 1908 6,2 1962 41,3 26 11,1 2
43,2 2000 9,0 1913 44,3 24 14,5 8
41,3 1945 7,3 1904 38,9 25 12,5 2
39,8 1946 -1,3 1977 31,5 28 5,2 23
31,6 1991 -6,2 1988 29,1 5 1,2 21
25,9 1970 -16,2 1988 16,0 3 -5,8 29
21,2 1989 -21,8 1948 12,6 7 -13,8 23
43,2 4 iulie/July 2000 -29,2 8 ianuarie/January 1947 44,3 24 iulie/July -13,8 23 decembrie/December
Turnu Mgurele 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua Bucureti - Filaret 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua Constana 1901 - 2000 maxima lunar anul minima lunar anul 2007 maxima lunar ziua minima lunar ziua
18,0 1983 -30,0 1942 18,4 21 -4,2 5
24,1 1995 -26,0 1950 20,0 9 -8,0 25
29,6 1951 -22,2 1929 22,5 19 -3,0 9,12
34,2 1985 -4,6 1923 27,0 29 0,0 17
38,8 1950 0,5 1938 32,8 12 4,6 3
38,2 1957 5,0 1911 41,6 26 11,4 10
43,2 1987 9,0 1974 43,4 24 11,8 13
41,4 1952 6,6 1981 38,6 25 14,0 2
40,0 1946 -2,5 1977 31,0 28 5,5 23
36,4 1952 -5,8 1988 28,2 5 -0,8 16
26,7 1963 -18,2 1993 14,2 3 -6,0 29
22,0 1903 -25,0 1933 12,3 2 -12,4 23
16,8 1983 -30,0 1942 16,6 21 -5,8 30
23,0 1995 -24,2 1929 18,6 9 -8,7 25
28,8 1947 -13,6 1929 22,8 19 -0,7 29
34,4 1934 -5,5 1923 27,1 29 3,2 1,6
36,6 1950 -0,2 1915 33,4 27 3,4 3
40,3 1918 4,2 1918 39,4 26 13,0 10
42,4 2000 8,6 1933 41,8 23 13,3 13
41,1 1945 6,6 1981 40,0 25 13,8 2
39,6 1946 -1,6 1906 31,0 18 7,4 23
35,5 1952 -10,7 1920 28,4 5 2,8 16
29,4 1926 -17,8 1904 13,4 2 -5,1 29
20,8 1903 -26,4 1927 11,4 3 -9,2 22
18,0 1988 -24,7 1942 18,3 24 -5,3 30
24,5 1995 -25,0 1929 18,3 9 -8,4 24
30,8 1952 -12,8 1929 17,1 18 1,0 15,27
31,9 1985 -4,5 1923 19,5 29 3,6 6
36,9 1969 1,8 1915 27,7 9 6,0 3
36,9 1982 6,4 1913 31,5 18 13,9 2
38,5 1927 7,6 1944 38,5 25 16,2 13
36,8 1902 8,0 1936; 1949 34,0 30 16,7 3
34,8 1987 1,0 1931 26,9 5 9,2 23
31,0 1928 -12,4 1920 24,3 6 5,2 15
26,5 1990 -11,7 1953 16,2 15 -1,7 29
21,0 1903 -18,6 1948 15,3 4 -6,4 22
Turnu Mgurele 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date Bucharest - Filaret 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date Constana 1901 - 2000 monthly maximum year monthly minimum year 2007 monthly maximum date monthly minimum date
1.11 PRECIPITAII ATMOSFERICE (cantitatea lunar i anual) PRECIPITATIONS (monthly and yearly quantity)
mm Staia meteorologic i anii de observaie Satu Mare 1901 - 2000 2007 Suceava 1901 - 2000 2007 Oradea 1901 - 2000 2007 Iai 1901 - 2000 2007 Cluj - Napoca 1901 - 2000 2007 Trgu Mure 1901 - 2000 2007 Bacu 1901 - 2000 2007 Timioara 1901 - 2000 2007 Deva 1901 - 2000 2007 Sibiu 1901 - 2000 2007 Vrfu Omu 1901 - 2000 2007 Galai 1901 - 2000 2007 Trgu Jiu 1901 - 2000 2007 Buzu 1901 - 2000 2007 Calafat 1901 - 2000 2007 Turnu Mgurele 1901 - 2000 2007 Bucureti - Filaret 1901 - 2000 2007 Constana 1901 - 2000 2007 Ianuarie January Februarie February Martie March Aprilie April Mai May Iunie June Iulie July August August Septembrie September Octombrie October Noiembrie November Decembrie December Anual Yearly Meteorological station and observation years Satu Mare 1901 - 2000 2007 Suceava 1901 - 2000 2007 Oradea 1901 - 2000 2007 Iai 1901 - 2000 2007 Cluj - Napoca 1901 - 2000 2007 Trgu Mure 1901 - 2000 2007 Bacu 1901 - 2000 2007 Timioara 1901 - 2000 2007 Deva 1901 - 2000 2007 Sibiu 1901 - 2000 2007 Vrfu Omu 1901 - 2000 2007 Galai 1901 - 2000 2007 Trgu Jiu 1901 - 2000 2007 Buzu 1901 - 2000 2007 Calafat 1901 - 2000 2007 Turnu Mgurele 1901 - 2000 2007 Bucharest - Filaret 1901 - 2000 2007 Constana 1901 - 2000 2007
39,8 61,0 24,2 10,1 36,3 36,8 29,7 26,5 26,3 31,2 28,4 30,8 25,0 15,0 39,1 26,4 32,1 52,1 28,6 35,2 71,6 36,9 30,0 43,9 52,4 43,7 26,5 18,4 39,0 16,5 35,8 14,8 39,5 31,7 28,8 28,1
35,9 67,9 24,4 45,2 32,1 69,3 26,9 33,9 26,4 42,2 28,7 33,2 25,6 21,6 37,5 92,0 29,7 53,3 26,6 36,1 79,5 32,1 26,0 26,3 50,0 26,0 25,6 7,1 36,1 18,5 32,3 31,1 33,3 17,1 26,3 16,4
35,0 23,5 24,4 41,8 35,5 13,0 28,4 33,6 25,4 36,2 26,3 25,8 26,3 55,9 36,5 56,8 28,7 30,4 31,2 47,0 76,6 54,8 24,0 50,4 45,4 82,2 22,9 45,4 37,0 35,4 34,4 35,4 38,1 44,4 24,9 35,2
44,8 4,5 47,5 32,9 48,1 3,2 43,9 23,0 46,4 14,2 49,0 11,6 38,6 38,6 48,2 4,4 47,4 9,6 53,8 15,4 86,0 58,8 38,1 22,1 63,6 2,4 40,1 18,0 47,8 0,2 42,0 2,7 46,0 3,5 28,7 21,2
63,1 68,2 74,7 53,9 65,5 80,6 55,9 20,9 74,4 130,6 73,8 96,6 66,6 27,7 63,4 69,4 64,7 89,4 78,3 105,0 106,9 110,3 50,5 22,0 83,3 122,8 63,9 47,4 60,0 86,5 56,7 57,7 68,1 41,8 36,6 19,2
81,4 47,8 92,0 30,7 83,3 50,5 82,6 34,2 90,0 46,8 90,0 37,0 86,8 18,2 81,0 65,2 78,8 79,0 106,4 46,0 140,1 79,8 66,3 21,6 92,0 86,4 80,3 44,7 63,2 41,6 64,7 35,0 85,5 82,1 42,2 21,4
69,4 88,0 89,9 105,8 64,3 61,4 69,3 37,6 79,0 92,4 80,0 86,8 81,0 54,4 58,3 46,4 69,4 38,6 87,6 75,0 135,5 19,4 47,9 0,6 64,4 19,0 62,1 39,6 46,4 1,4 52,6 15,4 59,2 24,3 33,7 4,0
62,2 94,0 67,6 135,1 56,2 82,4 56,0 79,6 72,7 160,0 69,7 138,8 62,5 71,6 51,5 65,0 58,5 122,2 71,0 182,0 105,7 178,7 40,3 36,4 57,6 224,4 50,1 134,8 36,0 73,3 38,6 74,6 50,0 105,8 29,8 84,4
45,6 115,6 44,6 67,3 47,1 91,2 45,3 60,7 42,7 96,0 43,7 119,8 48,9 76,7 43,9 62,1 44,4 76,2 54,6 99,0 65,8 102,3 39,5 39,8 53,5 81,6 38,7 40,0 39,3 46,2 37,6 84,3 40,6 31,8 29,7 54,8
46,0 59,2 30,3 87,0 44,0 75,1 32,5 47,7 37,5 103,4 41,7 86,6 35,9 117,6 49,7 53,0 41,2 56,0 43,9 64,7 59,6 64,9 34,4 96,0 64,5 232,6 35,2 72,0 47,1 143,1 41,2 96,7 42,9 65,9 33,7 53,4
47,3 60,9 34,1 43,4 48,6 62,6 37,0 50,1 31,6 39,9 36,7 56,2 34,0 45,7 48,7 85,9 36,9 42,8 33,9 50,8 55,5 81,5 34,3 65,3 62,6 116,8 39,2 44,1 52,0 89,5 45,4 80,5 47,8 80,9 39,6 107,8
53,3 18,3 25,2 34,3 52,2 29,4 29,7 65,8 30,6 13,4 32,5 22,9 30,0 61,1 49,4 22,6 38,3 6,3 29,2 21,1 68,5 56,2 32,6 75,2 63,0 44,4 32,8 30,9 48,9 31,5 40,3 67,4 41,4 81,2 34,3 47,8
598,8 708,9 562,9 687,5 588,9 655,5 517,8 513,6 564,7 806,3 583,5 746,1 543,5 604,1 583,9 649,2 551,1 655,9 626,2 777,3 1023,7 875,7 445,6 499,6 726,3 1082,3 501,5 542,4 532,8 583,7 502,7 595,6 567,7 610,5 368,1 493,7
Sursa: Administraia Naional de Meteorologie. / Source: National Administration of Meteorology.
1.12 ARIILE PROTEJATE, N ANUL 2007 PROTECTED AREAS, IN 2007
Categorii de arii protejate Rezervaii tiinifice Parcuri naionale Monumente ale naturii Rezervaii naturale Parcuri naturale Rezervaii ale biosferei Zone umede de importan internaional Arii de protecie special avifaunistic Situri de importan comunitar
Numr Number 79 13 190 671 14 3 5 108 273
Suprafaa (ha) Area (ha) 100574 315857 18220 136537 737428 664446 616571 2992798 3284092
Categories of protected areas Scientific reserves National parks Natural monuments Natural reserves Natural parks Biosphere reserves Wetlands of international importance Special avifaunistic protection areas Sites of community interest
Sursa: Agenia Naional pentru Protecia Mediului. / Source: National Environment Protection Agency.
1.13 REZERVAII ALE BIOSFEREI, N ANUL 2007 BIOSPHERE RESERVES, IN 2007
Denumirea rezervaiei Name of reserve Total Delta Dunrii / Danube Delta Retezat Rodna
Judeul County
Suprafaa (ha) Area (ha) 664446
Tulcea, Constana Hunedoara Maramure, Bistria-Nsud, Suceava
580000 38047 46399
1.14 PARCURILE NAIONALE I PARCURILE NATURALE, N ANUL 2007 NATIONAL AND NATURAL PARKS, IN 2007
Denumirea parcului Name of park Parcuri naionale - total / National parks - total Domogled-Valea Cernei Rodna Retezat Cheile Nerei-Beunia Semenic-Cheile Caraului Climani Cozia Piatra Craiului Munii Mcinului Defileul Jiului Ceahlu Cheile Bicazului-Hma Buila-Vnturria Parcuri naturale - total / N atural parks - total Munii Maramureului Porile de Fier Geoparcul Platoul Mehedini Geoparcul Dinozaurilor - ara Haegului Munii Apuseni Putna - Vrancea Bucegi Vntori Neam Comana Balta Mica a Brilei Lunca Mureului Grditea Muncelului - Cioclovina Defileul Mureului Superior Lunca Joas a Prutului Inferior
Judeul County
Suprafaa (ha) Area (ha) 315857
Cara-Severin, Mehedini, Gorj Bistria-Nsud, Maramure, Suceava Hunedoara Cara-Severin Cara-Severin Bistria-Nsud, Suceava, Mure Vlcea Arge, Braov Tulcea Gorj, Hunedoara Neam Neam, Harghita Vlcea
60100 46399 38047 37100 36665 24041 17100 14800 11321 11127 8396 6575 4186 737428
Maramure Cara-Severin, Mehedini Mehedini Hunedoara Alba, Bihor, Cluj Vrancea Arge, Braov, Dmbovia, Prahova Neam Giurgiu Brila Arad, Timi Hunedoara Mure Galai
148850 115656 106000 102392 75784 38204 32663 30818 24963 17529 17166 10000 9156 8247
1.15 RESURSELE DE AP ASIGURATE, POTRIVIT GRADULUI DE AMENAJARE, N ANUL 2007 WATER RESOURCES ASSURED, ACCORDING TO THE ARRANGEMENT LEVEL, IN 2007
Surse de ap / Water sources Bazine hidrografice / Hydrographic basins Total Ape de suprafa / Superficial waters Ruri interioare / Inland rivers Tisa Some Criuri Mure Spaiul Banat 1) / Banat Space Jiu Olt Vedea Arge Ialomia Siret Prut
1)
milioane m3 / an million m 3 / year 40502 33825 13825 256 715 394 1053 608 2109 1682 40 1671 430 1955 726 2186 20000 6677
Alte bazine 2) / Other basins 2) Dunrea / The Danube Ape subterane / Underground waters
1) 2)
Spaiul Banat / Banat Space = Bega, Cara, Brzava, Timi, Cerna, Nera.
Alte bazine / Other basins = Clmui - Olt, Clmui - Buzu. Sursa: Administraia Naional "Apele Romne". / Source: National Administration "Romanian Waters" .
1.16 CALITATEA APELOR DE SUPRAFA, N ANUL 2007 SUPERFICIAL WATER QUALITY, IN 2007
km Total lungimi Bazine hidrografice Hydrographic basins pe ruri supravegheate Total length of monitored rivers 26506 569 1845 2025 2690 1861 1579 3459 1133 2681 1401 4228 1567 1075 393 Clasa I The first class din care: / of which: Clasa II The second class Clasa III The third class Clasa IV The fourth class Clasa V The fifth class
Total Tisa Some Criuri Mure-Aranca Spaiul Banat 1) / Banat Space Jiu Olt Vedea Arge Ialomia 2) Siret Prut Dunrea / The Danube Litoral / Seaside
1) 2)
6211 36 492 491 592 549 1026 900 323 23 1499 280 -
11783 141 721 1139 1358 995 509 1649 398 1093 413 1658 822 787 100
5638 21 502 287 506 229 666 419 977 642 681 492 8 208
1921 320 53 82 186 88 40 161 200 178 162 172 227 52
953 51 77 26 48 4 83 116 110 161 218 26 33
1)
Spaiul Banat / Banat Space = Bega, Cara, Brzava, Timi, Cerna, Nera. Inclusiv rul Clmui. / Including Clmui river. Sursa: Administraia Naional "Apele Romne". / Source: National Administration "Romanian Waters".
1.17 DEFOLIEREA ARBORILOR LA PRINCIPALELE SPECII I LA TOATE VRSTELE, PE CLASE DE DEFOLIERE, N ANUL 2006 TREES DEFOLIATION, FOR THE MAIN SPECIES AND ALL AGES, BY DEFOLIATION CLASSES, IN 2006
Suprafaa pdurilor (mii ha) Forests area (thou hectares) 6272 Clasa de defoliere Defoliation class (%) neafectat unaffected 69,8 uor slight 21,6 mediu medium 7,6 sever severe 0,6 uscat dry 0,4
Specii Species
Total ar Total country - rinoase coniferous - foioase broad-leaved
1893
77,5
17,3
4,4
0,5
0,3
4379
67,0
23,1
8,7
0,7
0,5
Sursa: Regia Naional a Pdurilor. / Source: National Company of Forests.
1.18 INVESTIII PENTRU PROTECIA MEDIULUI, PE SECTOARE DE ACTIVITATE, DOMENII DE MEDIU I PE CATEGORII DE PRODUCTORI, N ANUL 2007 INVESTMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, BY SECTOR OF ACTIVITY, ENVIRONMENT FIELD AND CATEGORY OF PRODUCERS, IN 2007
mii lei preuri curente / lei thou current prices Prevenirea i combaterea polurii, pe domenii de mediu: Prevention and control of pollution, by environmental field: Total aer air ap water deeuri wastes Protecia resurselor naturale i conservarea sol i ape biodiversitii subterane Natural resources soil and protection and underground biodiversity waters preservation 242105 119369
Sectoare de activitate Activity sectors
Alte domenii Other fields
Total
3674955
579353
1669468
722347
342313
Productori nespecializai / Non-specialised producers Total Silvicultur, exploatare forestier i servicii anexe Foresty, logging and related service activities Industrie extractiv Mining and quarrying Industrie prelucrtoare Manufacturing Producia i furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze i ap cald Electric and thermal energy, gas and hot water production and supply Construcii Construction 1329980 12547 537562 118 326030 1006 159865 93489 921 31715 9701 181319 801
380742 667734
64572 363733
121684 147176
20887 94124
39603 20150
3817 14230
130179 28321
240773
100041
46749
42261
31805
3723
16194
28184
9098
9415
2593
1010
244
5824
Productori specializai / Specialised producers Total Recuperarea deeurilor i resturilor de materiale reciclabile Recovery of waste and remains of recycled materials Captarea, tratarea i distribuia apei Water catchment, treatment and distribution Comer cu ridicata al deeurilor i resturilor Wholesale trade of waste and remains Eliminarea deeurilor i a apelor uzate; asanare, salubritate i activiti similare Waste and used waters refusal; reclamation, sanitation and similar activities 1048084 270092 9138 619 448948 142 519267 262265 5693 2617 31453 33585 4449
512704
5549
445291
1863
138
31259
28604
46120
44454
1661
219168
2970
3510
210685
1277
194
532
Administraie public / Public administration Total Administraie public central Central public adminstration Administraie public local Local public adminstration 1296891 804308 32653 3857 894490 552506 43215 170 142923 128554 56201 54468 127409 64753
492583
28796
341984
43045
14369
1733
62656
1.19 CHELTUIELI CURENTE INTERNE PENTRU PROTECIA MEDIULUI, PE SECTOARE DE ACTIVITATE, DOMENII DE MEDIU I PE CATEGORII DE PRODUCTORI, N ANUL 2007 INTERNAL CURRENT EXPENDITURE FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, BY SECTOR OF ACTIVITY, ENVIRONMENT FIELD AND CATEGORY OF PRODUCERS, IN 2007
mii lei preuri curente / lei thou current prices Protecia resurselor Prevention and control of pollution, naturale i by environmental field: conservarea sol i ape biodiversitii subterane Natural resources aer ap deeuri soil and protection and air water wastes underground biodiversity waters preservation Prevenirea i combaterea polurii, pe domenii de mediu: 456825 754302 5227028 286538 87897
Sectoare de activitate Activity sectors
Total
Alte domenii Other fields
Total
7268147
455557
Productori nespecializai / Non-specialised producers Total Silvicultur, exploatare forestier i servicii anexe Foresty, logging and related service activities Industrie extractiv Mining and quarrying Industrie prelucrtoare Manufacturing Producia i furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze i ap cald Electric and thermal energy, gas and hot water production and supply Construcii Construction 913847 15892 204737 201590 3 105321 2 69495 64569 13795 268135 2092
120174 550167
26934 122090
43185 107539
7057 64850
13515 27094
2331 14561
27152 214033
153351
54377
41681
11990
25078
1444
18781
74263
1336
9182
21422
3808
32438
6077
Productori specializai / Specialised producers Total Recuperarea deeurilor i resturilor de materiale reciclabile Recovery of waste and remains of recycled materials Captarea, tratarea i distribuia apei Water catchment, treatment and distribution Comer cu ridicata al deeurilor i resturilor Wholesale trade of waste and remains Eliminarea deeurilor i a apelor uzate; asanare, salubritate i activiti similare Waste and used waters refusal; reclamation, sanitation and similar activities 5487074 3067987 31742 170 490283 4357 4899713 3032125 17900 400 551 46885 30935
538979
29969
475712
23808
5182
55
4253
1022149
1012733
8864
535
857959
1595
10205
831047
3454
496
11162
Administraie public / Public administration Total Administraie public central Central public adminstration Administraie public local Local public adminstration 867226 429900 437326 220346 174602 45744 62429 18169 44260 221994 169 221825 199143 186409 12734 22777 32 22745 140537 50519 90018
PRESCURTRI FOLOSITE PENTRU UNITILE DE MSUR ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
U.M. M.U. mm m m2 m3 ha (10000 m2) km km2 microgr. mg g kg t tdw l dal hl W kW kWh
= unitate de msur = measurement unit = milimetru = millimetre = metru = metre = metru ptrat = square metre = metru cub = cubic metre = hectar = hectare = kilometru = kilometre = kilometru ptrat = square kilometre = microgram = microgram = miligram = miligram = gram = gram = kilogram = kilogram = ton = tonne = ton deadweight = tonne deadweight = litru = litre = decalitru = decalitre = hectolitru = hectolitre = watt = watt = kilowatt = kilowatt = kilowatt - or = kilowatt - hour
kVA MVA CP HP kcal Gcal kO '' ' h 0 nr. no. % mii thou mil. mill. mild. bn echiv. equiv. S.A. A.S. buc. pcs. per. garnit.
= kilovoltamper = kilovoltamper = megavoltamper = megavoltamper = cal putere = horse power = kilocalorie = kilocalorie = gigacalorie = gigacalorie = kilooctet = kilooctet = secund = second = minut = minute = or = hour = grad = degree = numr = number = procent = percentage = mii = thousands (thou) = milion = million = miliard = billion = echivalent = equivalent = substan activ = active substance = bucat = pieces = pereche = pair = garnitur = set
SIMBOLURI FOLOSITE SYMBOLS USED
... ~ c
= nu este cazul = data not applicable = lips date = data not available = date nensumabile = nontotalized data = date confideniale = confidential data
G
*) **) ***)
= grafic = graph = date mai mici dect 0,5 = magnitude less than 0.5 = date mai mici dect 0,05 = magnitude less than 0.05 = date mai mici dect 0,005 = magnitude less than 0.005

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GEOGRAFIE, METEOROLOGIE I MEDIU NCONJURTOR

GEOGRAPHY, METEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

Anuarul Statistic al Romniei / Romanian Statistical Yearbook

1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15

1.1 POZIIA GEOGRAFIC A ROMNIEI GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF ROMANIA

Judeul County Botoani Teleorman Tulcea Timi

Longitudinea estic Longitude east

Latitudinea nordic Latitude north 48o15'06'' 43o37'07'' 45o09'36'' 46o07'27''

26o42'05'' 25o23'32'' 29o41'24'' 20o15'44''

Dup Greenwich. / According to Greenwich.

1.2 LUNGIMEA FRONTIERELOR ROMNIEI LENGTH OF ROMANIAS BORDERS

1.3 PRINCIPALELE ALTITUDINI MUNTOASE MAJOR MOUNTAIN PEAKS

1.5 PRINCIPALELE LACURI NATURALE MAJOR NATURAL LAKES

1.6 PRINCIPALELE LACURI ANTROPICE MAJOR ANTHROPIC LAKES

Denumirea lacului antropic Anthropic lake name

Suprafaa total Total area (km2)

din care: municipii of which: municipalities

Numrul comunelor Number of communes

Numrul satelor Number of villages

Staia meteorologic Meteorological station

Sursa: Administraia Naional de Meteorologie. Source: National Administration of Meteorology.

14,7 1990 -29,3 1982 12,8 18 -7,6 28

17,9 1989 -27,6 1940 11,9 14 -4,9 19

26,0 1974 -20,6 1940 19,8 8 -2,9 16

30,7 1950 -6,4 1954 25,6 28 -4,3 23

32,4 1937 -2,6 1976 32,7 22,24 -4,9 2

36,3 2000 0,6 1977 32,9 15 8,8 29

37,2 1939; 1987 4,9 1961 39,2 20 9,0 8

39,4 1952 3,5 1980 36,7 23 9,5 1

37,3 1946 -4,7 1970 27,5 28 2,1 20

28,3 1943 -9,3 1971 24,6 1 -4,0 15

24,2 1968 -19,6 1989 15,9 23 -6,4 29,30

18,0 1989 -30,4 1961 8,5 10 -9,2 19

15,0 1984 -29,6 1954 14,0 14,21 -12,9 30

20,4 1990 -31,0 1954 12,0 9 -23,6 24

26,6 1952 -21,9 1955 19,8 19 -3,0 29,30

28,4 1943 -9,2 1963 22,0 28 -1,6 20

34,5 1958 -2,2 1999 29,0 23 -1,1 2

34,0 1972 1,5 1958 34,5 26 9,8 30

35,2 1988 5,5 1989 36,0 24 9,3 6

38,6 1952 4,2 1993 34,3 24 10,3 3

32,9 1986 -3,5 1953; 1977 25,5 18 2,5 22

32,0 1952 -8,0 1951; 1979 23,2 18 -1,1 31

24,0 1994 -21,2 1942 11,9 2 -10,0 13

18,0 1989 -29,8 1996 6,8 10 -15,6 28

17,1 1939 -29,2 1942 12,8 14 -9,5 28

19,2 1958 -24,5 1935 12,7 10 -4,2 5

26,4 1974 -18,6 1932 20,1 7 -2,0 5

32,6 1934 -10,0 1944 25,7 28 -0,6 23

33,4 1968 -4,0 1943 32,3 22 -1,7 2

37,8 2000 1,0 1918 33,5 21 9,9 29

39,5 1936 5,0 1943 40,4 20 10,8 13

40,0 2000 4,2 1942; 1943 37,1 23 10,6 1

37,0 1942 -1,9 1970 28,1 18 3,4 21

32,7 1932 -10,5 1943 25,4 3 -2,3 15

26,0 1997 -16,4 1915 15,2 23 -6,6 29

19,2 1957 -26,2 1902 8,8 3 -7,9 19

16,7 1921 -30,6 1963 15,4 18 -9,9 31

22,5 1990 -36,3 1937 18,8 9 -20,5 24

27,0 1926 -22,7 1952 21,8 19 -2,4 13

31,5 1909 -9,4 1963 24,2 28 1,2 20

36,4 1950 -3,0 1935 36,0 23 -0,5 2

38,0 1927 3,5 1934 37,4 26 12,6 30